heishiding natural reserve

Heishiding Nature Reserve, established in August 1979, is a provincial nature reserve in Guangdong Province. It covers an area of 4200 hectares. The main protected object is the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved monsoon rain forest. Heishiding Nature Reserve is located in Fengkai County, Guangdong Province. Tropic of cancer runs through the reserve. The area has undulating mountains, ravines, streams and waterfalls. The altitude of Heishiding is more than 1100 meters. The forest is evergreen all the year round. The mountains are covered with exotic flowers and fruits. Looking up from the foot of the mountain, it is shrouded in thick fog and the peak looms. Climbing to the top of the mountain, there are many layers of clouds, which are changeable. Sometimes they come face to face, sometimes they pass around the body, just like being in a fairyland. The average temperature in July is about 23 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is not more than 30 ℃, and the high temperature time is short. Abundant rainfall, average annual rainfall 1740 mm, relative humidity 80%; frost in winter, occasionally frozen. There are many kinds of plants in the reserve, including 1605 species of vascular plants belonging to 654 genera of 190 families, 10 species of gymnosperms belonging to 8 genera of 6 families, and 1495 species of angiosperms belonging to 590 genera of 154 families. Among them, the rare tree species under the state key protection include Gemu, mucilaginous wood, Bauhinia, sightseeing wood, Sui Huashan, jimaosong, Fokienia hodginsii, Morinda officinalis, boleshu, etc. After preliminary investigation, the new species are found to be pukui Fengkai, Celastrus cordifolia, Ardisia lineata, Acer truncatum, Phyllanthus cantonensis, crescent fern Fengkai and rosette fern Fengkai. In particular, a leaf area of 1 square meters of Fengkai pukui, is the world's unique treasures. According to experts, Heishiding Nature Reserve is rich in many kinds of orchids, which is the main producing area of orchids in Guangdong. There are almost all kinds of orchids in China.

Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve, Fengkai, Guangdong

synonym

Heishiding Nature Reserve generally refers to Guangdong Fengkai Heishiding provincial nature reserve

Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve in Fengkai County, Guangdong Province is located in the central and southern part of Fengkai County, Guangdong Province. It is known as the "oasis on the Tropic of cancer" because the Tropic of cancer runs through the central part of the nature reserve. The reserve was established in August 1979 with a total area of 4200 hectares. The main protected objects are the tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, the national second-class rare and endangered species, such as Alsophila spinulosa population, and the endemic species and habitats of fengkaipukui.

Historical evolution

Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve in Fengkai, Guangdong Province was established in August 1979 and promoted to Provincial Nature Reserve in December 1995 with the approval of Guangdong Provincial People's government.

geographical environment

Location context

Heishiding Nature Reserve is located in the central and southern part of Fengkai County, Guangdong Province, with geographic coordinates of 23 ° 25 ′ ~ 23 ° 29 ′ N and 111 ° 49 ′ ~ 111 ° 55 ′ e. the Tropic of cancer crosses the central part of the reserve, connecting Nanling Mountain to the north, and connecting Yunkai mountain, 60000 mountain and 100000 mountain to the southwest. The total area is 4200 hectares.

Geology and geomorphology

The reserve is just located on the Tropic of cancer (Tropic of cancer) at the junction of tropical and temperate zones. The geological landforms are part of the Huanggang mountains of Yunkai mountain system. The altitude is generally between 150 and 700 meters. The main peak, Heishiding, is 927 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the reserve.

climate

The nature reserve is located in the transition area of tropical and subtropical zone with abundant rain and heat resources. The climate is mild and pleasant, the average temperature in July is about 23 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is not more than 30 ℃, and the high temperature time is short. Abundant rainfall, average annual rainfall 1740 mm, relative humidity 80%; frost in winter, occasionally frozen.

Regional scope

The total area of the reserve is 4200.0 hectares, including 2201.7 hectares of core area, 338.3 hectares of buffer area and 1660.0 hectares of experimental area.

Protection target

Protected objects

Heishiding Nature Reserve in Fengkai, Guangdong Province is a typical type of forest ecosystem on the Tropic of cancer. The main protected objects are tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and wild animals and plants, national rare and endangered animal and plant resources and their habitats, and focus on the protection of national second-class rare and endangered plant species, such as Alsophila spinulosa population, Fengkai pukui and other endemic species and their habitats. There are as many as 52 rare and endangered species, which are listed as national key protection class I and II.

Botany

As of 2013, there are 230 species of Macrofungi in 102 genera of 40 families, 126 species of cyanobacteria in 28 genera of 9 families, 80 species of bryophytes in 59 genera of 34 families, 100 species of Pteridophytes in 56 genera of 30 families, and 1900 species of seed plants in 600 genera of 160 families. Among them, there are 1605 species belonging to 654 genera and 190 families of vascular plants, 100 species belonging to 56 genera and 30 families of carbonaceous plants, 10 species belonging to 8 genera and 6 families of gymnosperms, 1495 species belonging to 590 genera and 154 families of angiosperms. Many of them are first-class, second-class and third-class protected species in China. There are also some seed plants that existed more than 200 million years ago, such as Alsophila sphaerocephala, cycads, etc., which are living fossils for studying the succession and inheritance of Mesozoic plants There are 15 new species in the world, such as Fengkai pukui, Fengkai crescent fern, Fengkai rosette fern, zijinniu, Banfenghe and Heishiding bayberry.

animal

As of 2013, there are more than 1000 species of insects belonging to 670 genera and 118 families in 15 orders, including 13 new species such as "Miridae" and "lamprophylla melanoptera"; 18 species in 7 families and 4 orders of wild fish, 22 species in 6 families and 1 order of amphibians, 44 species in 12 families and 2 orders of reptiles, 122 species in 42 families and 14 orders of birds, and 26 species in 13 families and 6 orders of mammals.

They include Alsophila spinulosa, Alsophila spinulosa and cycas, as well as boa constrictor, pangolin, big civet, little civet, Sumen antelope, Juxi, shanlie, yellow ape, grass deer, pheasant, Rhododendron, silver pheasant and brown forest owl.

Management measures

Management organization

The Management Office of Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve in Fengkai, Guangdong Province is set up as the second level management of protection station. According to the principle of separation of protection management from production and operation, the original protection station and forest protection point are merged and adjusted again. The Management Office of the nature reserve has four protection stations: patrol station, 721 station, cold water tank station and salt water field station. In order to protect the core area and buffer area from man-made damage, forest protection posts are set up in scenic pit and Heishi river.

management system

Strengthen the construction of forest protection management team. At the same time, according to the requirements of each functional area of the reserve, according to the principle of "zonal management and hierarchical protection", the full-time forest protection management personnel should be divided into different areas, and the responsibility should be assigned to each person, and regular inspection should be carried out.

Protection mode

(1) We will strengthen forest protection and fire prevention, prevent diseases and insect pests, and prevent deforestation. The Management Office of the nature reserve and the four protection stations set up emergency fire fighting teams for forest protection. Regular investigation and monitoring of wild animal and plant resources, and listing and registration of ancient and famous trees; setting up ecological positioning observation stations in the reserve according to different forest vegetation and their habitats in different slope directions and altitudes for positioning observation; actively doing a good job in the prediction and forecast of diseases and pests, and forbidding the introduction and domestication of foreign animals and plants, so as to prevent the invasion and control of diseases and pests Spread and damage to the original habitat.

(2) According to the law, we should actively and conscientiously do a good job in burying boundary posts and boundary markers in the reserve. To establish and improve the forest right archives of mountain boundary in nature reserves, and lay a good foundation for strengthening the construction and management of nature reserves according to law. In addition, restrictive warning signs or billboards should be set up at the boundary of each functional area in the nature reserve, at the main intersections in the forest area and at the main tourist areas in the ecotourism area.

(3) Strengthen the publicity of the nature reserve. Through television, radio, slogans, leaflets and other forms, we should actively publicize the relevant policies and regulations of the nature reserve, so as to make them well known to every household; at the same time, we should do a good job in forest protection and joint defense, and put an end to all violations of the regulations on the protection and management of the nature reserve.

(4) Hunting and catching of wild animals are prohibited in the reserve. When specimens must be collected for scientific research and practice, they must be submitted to the relevant competent department for approval, carried out under supervision, and paid a certain amount of resources protection fees according to regulations.

(5) It is forbidden to build production facilities and engineering projects that pollute and damage resources or landscapes in nature reserves. The construction of engineering projects must be submitted to the competent department of nature reserves at the provincial level for examination and approval, and an environmental impact assessment report must be submitted.

(6) The necessary protective fence and other protective facilities should be set up in the dangerous tourist areas of the eco-tourism area, and the necessary health facilities should be set up in the main tourist areas according to a certain distance.

scientific research

Heishiding Nature Reserve in Fengkai, Guangdong Province is a rare zonal biological species gene bank and ecosystem balance observation laboratory.

In 1986, the State Education Commission of China (now the Ministry of Education) commissioned Sun Yat sen University to establish the tropical and Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Experimental Center in Heishiding Nature Reserve. Over the past 30 years, there have been dozens of institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions, including Sun Yat sen University, South China Agricultural University, South China Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kadoorie Farm and botanical garden of Hong Kong, as well as experts and scholars from more than ten countries, such as the United States, Britain and Japan