Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was born in a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan Province on December 26, 1893. After the outbreak of the revolution of 1911, he served as a soldier in the new army of the uprising for half a year.

From 1914 to 1918, he studied in Hunan First Normal School. On the eve of graduation, he organized the revolutionary group Xinmin society with Cai Hesen and others.

Before and after the May 4th movement, he contacted and accepted Marxism. In November 1920, he established a Communist Organization in Hunan.

In July 1921, he attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai and later served as secretary of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, leading the workers' movements in Changsha, Anyuan and other places.

In June 1923, he attended the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee to participate in the central leadership work.

After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in January 1924, he was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee at the first and second national congresses of the Kuomintang. He once served as the acting director of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Guangzhou, edited the political weekly and hosted the sixth workshop of the peasant movement.

In November 1926, he was appointed secretary of the Peasant Movement Committee of the CPC Central Committee.

From the winter solstice of 1925 to the spring of 1927, he successively published works such as the analysis of all classes in Chinese society and the investigation report on the Hunan peasant movement, pointed out the important position of the peasant problem in the Chinese revolution and the extreme importance of the proletariat leading the peasant struggle, and criticized Chen Duxiu's right leaning thought.

After the overall breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, at the emergency meeting of the CPC Central Committee in August 1927, he put forward the idea that "political power is obtained from the barrel of a gun", that is, the idea of seizing political power with revolutionary armed forces, and was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. After the meeting, he went to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising. Then led the uprising troops to Jinggangshan, launched the agrarian revolution and founded the first rural revolutionary base.

In April 1928, he joined forces with the uprising forces led by Zhu De and established the Fourth Army of the workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army (soon renamed the Red Army). He served as party representative and Secretary of the former enemy Committee. The Chinese Communists with him as the main representative, proceeding from China's reality, developed armed struggle in rural areas where the Kuomintang regime was relatively weak, and created the road of Encircling Cities with rural areas and finally seizing the power of cities and the whole country. Why can China's red regime exist A single spark can start a prairie fire and other works have expounded this problem theoretically.

In May 1930, he wrote "against the book doctrine", and put forward the famous conclusion that "there is no investigation and no right to speak". In August, the first front army of the Red Army was established and served as the general political commissar. Since the end of 1930, led by Zhu De, the red front army has defeated many "encirclement and suppression" by the Kuomintang army. After the "left" line leading group represented by Wang Ming entered the central revolutionary base area, Mao Zedong was excluded from the leadership of the party and the Red Army, resulting in the failure of the red front army's fifth counter "encirclement and suppression".

On November 7, 1931, the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China was established in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, and was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee on November 27.

In January 1933, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

In October 1934, he participated in the long march of the first front army of the Red Army.

During the Long March, in January 1935, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting (i.e. Zunyi Meeting) in Guizhou, which established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong. In October, the CPC Central Committee and the red army arrived in Northern Shaanxi to end the long march. In December, he made a report on strategies against Japanese imperialism, which clarified the policy of the Anti Japanese national united front.

In October 1936, the three main forces of the red army joined forces. In December 1936, Zhou Enlai and others promoted the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, which became the hub of the transformation of the current situation from the civil war to the second Kuomintang communist cooperation and common resistance against Japan. In the same month, he wrote "strategic issues of China's revolutionary war".

In the summer of 1937, he wrote on practice and on contradiction. After the Anti Japanese war began, the CPC Central Committee headed by him adhered to the principle of independence and autonomy in the United Front, worked hard to mobilize the masses, carried out guerrilla warfare behind the enemy, and established many large Anti Japanese base areas.

In October 1938, the guiding principle of "Sinicization of Marxism" was put forward at the Sixth Plenary Session of the expanded Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. During the war of resistance against Japan, he published important works such as on the protracted war, the publication of the Communist Party and the theory of new democracy.

In February 1942, he led the whole party to carry out rectification movement, corrected subjectivism and sectarianism, made the whole party further grasp the basic direction of combining the universal truth of Marxism Leninism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution, and laid an ideological foundation for winning the war of resistance against Japan and the national revolution.

In March 1943, he was elected chairman of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In May, he led the army and the people in the base area to carry out a production campaign and passed through serious economic difficulties.

From April to June 1945, he presided over the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and made a report on the coalition government. The Congress formulated the political line of mobilizing the masses, strengthening the people's strength, defeating the Japanese aggressors, liberating the people of the whole country and establishing a new democratic China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong thought was determined as the guiding ideology of the CPC at this Congress. He served as chairman of the CPC Central Committee from the first plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee to his death on September 9, 1976.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, in view of the reality that Chiang Kai Shek tried to destroy the Communist Party and its armed forces, he put forward the policy of "tit for tat". In August 1945, he went to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek, which showed the desire of the Communist Party of China to strive for domestic peace.

After Chiang Kai Shek launched an all-out civil war in the summer of 1946, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai led the Chinese people's Liberation Army to carry out active defense, concentrate superior forces and annihilate the enemy.

From March 1947 to March 1948, he moved to northern Shaanxi with Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi to command the northwest battlefield and the national war of liberation. In the summer of 1947, the Chinese people's Liberation Army shifted from strategic defense to strategic attack. Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by him, the Kuomintang government was overthrown after the three major campaigns of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin and the river crossing campaign in April 1949.

In March 1949, he presided over the second plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and made an important report. He decided to shift the focus of the party's work from rural areas to cities, stipulated the party's basic policies after national victory, and called on the whole party to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, arrogance and impatience, and to continue to maintain the style of hard work. On June 30, he published on the people's democratic dictatorship, which stipulated the nature of the political power of the people's Republic of China and its basic domestic and foreign policies.

On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded and he was elected chairman of the Central People's government.

In June 1950, he presided over the Third Plenary Session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and put forward the general task of fighting for the basic improvement of the country's financial and economic situation. In October, forced by the situation that the US army invaded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and threatened Northeast China, the CPC Central Committee headed by him decided to carry out the war to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

From 1950 to 1952, under his leadership, he carried out land reform, suppressed counter revolution and other democratic reforms, launched the "three anti" movement against corruption, waste and bureaucracy, and the "five anti" movement against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, theft of work and materials, and theft of economic intelligence.

In June 1953, according to his suggestion, the CPC Central Committee announced the party's general line in the transitional period and began to systematically carry out socialist industrialization and socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production.

In September 1954, the first session of the first National People's Congress adopted the constitution of the people's Republic of China drafted under his auspices. At this session, he was elected the first president of the people's Republic of China and served until April 1959.

In April 1956, he made a speech on the ten major relations, which made some preliminary exploration on the road of building socialism suitable for China's national conditions. Then, the policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend" was put forward at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In September, the socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production was basically completed. The Communist Party of China held the Eighth National Congress, pointing out that the main task of the people of the whole country has been transformed into concentrating on the development of social productive forces. However, this policy was not seriously implemented later, which led to a series of mistakes and setbacks in guiding work in the future.

In February 1957, he made a speech on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the people, and put forward the theory of correctly distinguishing and handling two kinds of contradictions of different nature between ourselves and the enemy and among the people in socialist society.

In July 1957, it was proposed to "create a political situation with concentration, democracy, discipline, freedom, unified will, relaxed and lively personal mood".

In May 1958, the "great leap forward" and the rural people's commune movement were launched.

In July 1959, he presided over the Lushan conference. He had intended to correct the mistakes he had noticed, but he mistakenly launched a criticism of Peng Dehuai at the end of the meeting. After the meeting, the whole Party mistakenly launched a "anti rightist" struggle.

From the winter of 1960 to the beginning of 1965, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee headed by him, the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" was implemented for the national economy, and the mistakes in the "great leap forward" and the people's communization movement were initially corrected, so that the national economy recovered and developed relatively rapidly. During this period, he put forward a series of measures to initially correct the "left" mistakes in rural work and other aspects. However, at the 10th plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee held in September 1962, he expanded and absolutized the class struggle within a certain scope in socialist society, and developed his view that the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie remains the main contradiction of Chinese society after the anti rightist struggle in July 1957.

From 1963 to 1965, he launched the socialist education movement in rural and urban areas, and proposed that the focus of the movement was to rectify the so-called "power faction taking the capitalist road in the party". Since the 1950s, he has led China and the Soviet Communist Party in a resolute struggle against the great power doctrine pursued by the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party and the attempt to interfere in and control China.

In May 1966, due to his extreme estimation of the domestic class struggle situation, he launched the "Cultural Revolution" movement. This movement was manipulated by two counter revolutionary groups, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, which greatly exceeded his expectation and control, and even lasted for ten years, causing serious damage and losses to many aspects of China. During the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Zedong also stopped and corrected some specific mistakes. He led the struggle to crush Lin Biao's counter revolutionary group and prevented Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao from succeeding in their ambition to seize the supreme leadership.

On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong died in Beijing at the age of 83.

1、 Mao Zedong led the Chinese people through a long-term revolutionary struggle, finally won national independence and people's liberation, and founded New China.

2、 Mao Zedong led the Chinese people on the road of socialist construction.

3、 It ushered in a new era in which the people are the masters of the country and began the arduous and tortuous exploration of realizing socialist democracy.

Four, laid the ruling position of the Communist Party of China, and made unremitting exploration to maintain the advanced nature and ruling position of the Marx political party.

5、 It has established new China's status as a major country in the world and made unremitting efforts to create an independent peace diplomacy.

Although Mao Zedong made serious mistakes in his later years, from the perspective of his life, his achievements in the Chinese revolution far outweighed his mistakes. His achievements came first and his mistakes came second. He was still respected and loved by the Chinese people. Five years after his death, the Communist Party of China made a comprehensive evaluation of all his revolutionary activities and ideas in the form of resolutions of the Central Committee. As the development of Marxism in China, Mao Zedong thought is still the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China.

Selected works of Mao Zedong: a collection of Mao Zedong's main works.

Collected works of Mao Zedong: compiled by the literature research office of the CPC Central Committee and published successively by the people's Publishing House since 1993. It has incorporated important manuscripts of Mao Zedong other than selected works of Mao Zedong.

Mao Zedong's Poems: the old style poems created by Mao Zedong.