Torreya grandis

Torreya grandis

(records of yam planting in Tianmu, Zhejiang)

[alias] Cephalotaxus grandis, Cephalotaxus Sanguinalis and Cephalotaxus mucronata (Tianmu yam flora of Zhejiang Province).

[source] it is the seed of Cephalotaxus sinensis.

[plant morphology] Cephalotaxus sinensis, also known as Cephalotaxus hupehensis, Cephalotaxus Zhuye and Pinus koraiensis.

Small evergreen trees, 2-5 m high, sometimes up to 15 m. Leaves spirally inserted, 2-row; linear, usually straight, sparsely slightly curved, 2-5 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, apex acuminate or mucronate, base suborbicular or broadly cuneate, subsessile, with 2 white stomata below. The male cones are 6-7 in number, forming a head shape, about 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in peduncle length; each male cones has a bract at the base, stamens 4-11, filaments short, usually with 3 anthers; the female cones usually have 2-6 ovules and develop into seeds. Seeds elliptic ovate, ovoid or suborbicular, 1.8-2.5 cm long, exophytic belt purple. The flowering period is from March to April. The seeds ripen in October next year.

It is distributed in the south of the Yangtze River, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and other places.

In addition, the seeds of Cephalotaxus fortunei are also used for medicine. The main differences from the above species are as follows: the leaves are long, linear lanceolate, usually slightly curved, 6-10 cm long, with a long pointed tip at the apex; the seeds are usually 3-8 seeds, which are usually elliptic ovate or obovate, about 2.5 cm long. It is distributed in the south of the Yangtze River, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places.

[function and indications] Zhejiang Tianmu yam plant records: "treat food accumulation, drive Ascaris. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 5-6 yuan; or stir fry cooked food.

[clinical application] treatment of malignant tumor

The total alkaloids of Cephalotaxus fortunei were extracted from the twigs with leaves of Cephalotaxus fortunei in Fujian Province and made into injection (every 2 ml is equivalent to 40-50 mg of total alkaloids). The clinical application is based on the quantitative standard of harringtonine, which is about 2 mg / kg body weight every day. It is injected intramuscularly twice, 15-20 days as a course of treatment, and rest for about 10 days. If there is no significant side effect, another course of treatment is given. A total of 47 cases of 14 kinds of malignant tumors (such as lymphosarcomas, carcinoma of esophagus and cardia, carcinoma of stomach, lung cancer, etc.) were treated. 20 cases of 9 kinds of tumors showed short-term curative effect. Among them, 5 cases were markedly effective (symptoms were significantly relieved, and the mass was shrunk by more than 1 / 2 of the original diameter), and the effect of lymphosarcoma was more prominent. According to the clinical observation, the effect can be seen in the effective cases after 7-10 days of medication. For the ineffective cases after 2-3 weeks of medication, the effect is not satisfactory even if it continues to be used. For the effective or markedly effective cases, after several courses of treatment, in order to prevent recurrence, it is still necessary to use drugs intermittently and continuously. As for the long-term effect, it needs to be further observed and summarized. In the course of medication, most of them had pain at the injection site, induration, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, or dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, fatigue, weakness, poor sleep, irritability, constipation, loss of appetite and other reactions. In rare cases, myocardial blood supply was insufficient for a time, which could be gradually recovered after about 6 days of drug withdrawal or with symptomatic treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In Guangzhou area, the injection was made from the crude Torreya alkaloid. The minimum daily dose for adults was 20 mg, the maximum daily dose was 280 mg, and most of them were 100-200 mg. In clinical use, diluted with physiological salt ice or 5% glucose injection, directly intravenous slowly push or drip. 34 cases of lymphosarcoma, lymphoreticular cell tumor, primary liver cancer, choriocarcinoma and malignant hydatidiform mole were treated. One case had special effect (the symptoms disappeared and the tumor basically disappeared), and five cases had obvious effect (the same standard as before). The minimum dosage was 1100 mg, the maximum was 8620 mg, most of them were 3000-4000 mg. Generally, the effect begins from 1000-2000 mg, and the total dose is 4000-5000 mg. During the course of medication, no hemogram changes, liver and kidney function damage and digestive tract reaction were found in all cases. Only one case developed shortness of breath, dyspnea, lumbago and abdominal pain, cyanosis of lips and mouth, telangiectasia of limbs and skin purpura during one-time medication (the total amount was more than 2600 mg). After symptomatic treatment, the symptoms disappeared about 1 hour later.