Loquat

Loquat

(bielu)

[source] it is the fruit of loquat, a Rosaceae plant.

[plant morphology] loquat

Small evergreen trees, 3-8 m high. Branchlets stout, rusty tomentose. Single leaf alternate; leaf blade leathery; long elliptic to obovate lanceolate, 15-30 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, apex short pointed, base cuneate, margin sparsely serrated, dark green glossy on the top, rust colored tomentose on the bottom, 11-21 pairs of lateral veins, straight to the top of serration; petiole very short or sessile; stipules 2, large and hard, triangular, acuminate. The inflorescence is branched and densely tomentose; bracts are chiseled and brown tomentose; calyx is 5-lobed, calyx tube is short and densely tomentose; petal is 5-white, obovate, inner surface near base hairy; stamen is 20-25; ovary is inferior, 5-locular, each locule has 2 ovules, style is 5, stigma is capitate. The fruit is berrylike, round or nearly round, yellow or orange yellow, with a few round or oblate Brown nuclei. The flowering period is from September to November. The fruiting period is from April to May next year.

Often planted in the village, flat or sloping land. It is distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.

The root (loquat root), phloem (loquat bark), leaf (loquat leaf), flower (loquat flower) and seed (loquat core) of this plant are also used for medicine. See special regulations for details.

[chemical composition] the fruit contains 90.26% water, 2.15% total nitrogen and 67.30% carbohydrates, of which 71.31% are reducing sugar, 3.74% pentosan and 2.65% crude fiber. The pulp contains fat, sugar, protein, cellulose, pectin, tannin, ash (sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, phosphorus) and vitamin B1, C. It also contains cryptoflavin, β - carotene and other pigments. Jam contains glucose, fructose, sucrose and malic acid.

Sweet and sour, cool.

① Shu materia medica: "according to the book of pictures, it tastes sweet and sour. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it tastes sweet, cold and nontoxic. "

[Guijing] Ben Cao Qiu Zhen: "it enters the spleen, lung and liver. "

[function indications] moisten the lung, quench thirst and lower Qi. Treatment of pulmonary impotence, cough, hematemesis, hematemesis, dryness and thirst, vomiting.

① Meng Shen: "it benefits the five zang organs. "

② Cui Yuxi's the book of food: "lower Qi, stop vomiting.". "

③ Rihuazi: "it can treat lung qi, moisten five zang organs and lower Qi. Stop vomiting, and thirst. "

④ "Diannan Materia Medica": "treatment of pulmonary flaccidity, tuberculosis, blood vomiting, cough, spitting, roaring. He also treated children with convulsion and fever. "

[taboo] according to the Diet Manual of suixiju: "eat more to help dampness generate phlegm, and avoid those with spleen deficiency and smooth discharge. "

According to the famous scholar's treatise, Ben Jing Feng Yuan: "it must be very familiar, because it has the function of relieving thirst and moistening the five internal organs. If it is sour, it can help the liver and spleen, and make people full of diarrhea. "