Chen Qiu

Chen Qiu

Chen Qiu (1851-1904), formerly known as Guozhen, was named Qingsong and haozishan. Later, he changed his name to Zhisan and named zhelu. He was born in huanghuabei mountain village, Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province. Later, he went to Ruian to start a business. Guangxu has been ugly (1889). He was born in poverty. His grandfather was a watchman and his father was a painter. Chen Qiu has been diligent and studious since childhood, and has become a talent on his own. Before the reform movement of 1898, he and Tang Shouqian (the word Zhexian) were collectively called "two Zhedong" and Chen Fuchen and Song Shu "three Dongou heroes". He is a famous reformist thinker in modern China, a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine with profound attainments, and the founder of the earliest New School of traditional Chinese medicine in China. His life is recorded in the annals of history with his brilliant achievements in the reform thought and the practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

well-read

Chen Qiu liked boxing and reading when he was young. He was forced to learn eight part essay at the age of 15. He has a great ambition. He has long had the ideal of reforming the unreasonable social system and relieving the suffering of the broad masses of the people. At that time, the only way was to realize his political thought through the imperial examination and being an official. However, many times I went to Hangzhou to take the exam, but I didn't get it. I had no choice but to choose another way of medicine, that is, to settle down and help others. Since the age of 20, he has been interested in medicine. Since the age of 26, he has visited famous doctors and established medical records to treat diseases.

political thought

Chen Qiu's political thought is very special. At that time, there were many retired bureaucrats and gentry in Ruian, who formed a strong local force with their political and academic reputation. Chen Qiu, Xu Qichou, Jin Mingchang, Chen Fuchen and others organized the organization“

Qiuzhi Society

”To fight against the Buyi party. In 1872, Chen Qiu and Xu Qichou deeply felt that Ruian was "at the end of Zhejiang Province" and "had no books to read". They proposed to build a joint venture to gather books and create a library

Xinlan Publishing House

It is the first public library in China. Chen Qiu once tried to ease the social contradictions through the blood relationship of the clan. During his illness, he dictated "Zhiping San Yi", "Zongfa Yi", "Feng Jian" and "Da Yi Tong Yi", which were recorded by his brothers. Later, after extensive reading of Western European new book translation, understanding has changed. In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), he went to Beijing to have an examination. On his way home, he put forward eight suggestions to Zhang Yao, governor of Shandong Province. The first one is to "create a parliament to communicate with the lower class", which is the earliest proposal to adopt the western bourgeois parliamentary system in recent years. In 1891, he wrote a general discussion on Peace (including the etiquette of peace, the discussion on World Expo and the discussion on saving the world), which was published in 1893. He said in the exposition that "to strive for self-improvement, reform is the first step.". The content of the reform involves politics, culture and economy. In politics, we should start with the reform of the official system, and advocate that "each county has its own parliament, and the major events should be discussed together"; in culture, we should start with the reform of the imperial examination, and advocate that "what we have learned today is not what we should use, so we should give up everything" and set up "arts discipline", "Western discipline", "national discipline", "history discipline" and "ancient discipline"; in economy, we should make use of wealth, prosper manufacturing, award industry and commerce, talk about Maoqian, and open new ports and cities He stroked Chinese businessmen. Militarily, it advocates changing the business, setting up the economic strategy, making the warship, changing the fort and organizing the fishing regiment. There are also "protecting the people", "harnessing the river", "raising the sea" and "raising the border", which is a relatively complete reform plan. He has the twelfth article of the rich policy of economic development in his "salvation". He also suggested setting up an export local products company, "those who are willing to take shares will first give the goods to the stock according to their value on time". After export sales, "the amount of money won will be paid back according to the amount.". As a result, it monopolized the market. "If there are any more smugglers here, the company will depreciate first to embarrass itself. There will be no one who will not take part in the shares.". This assumption is already a capitalist way of operation. Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang, highly praised the book. Liang Qichao listed it in the bibliography of Western learning, while Song Shu wrote an article to comment on it. After liberation, it was still included in the data series of modern Chinese history the reform movement of 1898. In 1895, Chen Qiu and Chen Fuchen went to the capital for the examination together, and fully participated in the activity of "bus submission", which was one of the key figures in this activity. Kang Youwei thinks highly of him. In 1898, he took part in the "Baoguo meeting" in Beijing and established the "baozhe meeting" with Cai Yuanpei. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, he was wanted by the Qing government. This series of patriotic actions shows that he once stood in the forefront of the reform movement of 1898 and made valuable contributions to the sacred cause of saving the country and strengthening the country.

Medical practice

Chen Qiu's medical practice is also extraordinary. He is familiar with classics, cautious of ancient precepts, and can be original. The book "zhelu diagnosis record" provides an example of treating difficult epidemic diseases based on syndrome differentiation in early years. He has successively written eight volumes of lectures on Liji medicine, two volumes of yuanjingbaoyao, one volume of answers to pestilence and cholera, six volumes of Liji Materia Medica, six volumes of Liji Yitong, four volumes of Yiya, four volumes of Yiyi and many other medical books. Among them, answers to pestilence and cholera has been compiled into Dacheng of Chinese medicine, making contributions to the development of science of traditional Chinese medicine. In 1884, the plan of establishing hospital and School of traditional Chinese medicine was put forward in the "hospital proposal", which was realized immediately the next year. So Ruian Yang Ya Li appeared the first new Chinese medicine school in China（

Li Ji medical school

）Li Ji Jiao Jing is the earliest modern medical textbook in modern China. In 1895, Liji branch was set up in xiaogaoqiao of Wenzhou, Liji branch school was set up in Cixiang of Zhouzhai, and Liji branch school was set up in the following year. The newspaper office was located in Fuqian street. In 1897, Li Ji Xue Tang Bao was issued to the whole country, which published some medical handouts and papers. More than 300 TCM doctors have been trained, which has played a certain role in meeting the medical requirements of the masses, promoting the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and improving the theoretical level of TCM.

Double strike

After the reform movement of 1898, Chen Qiu suffered both economic and political blows: the original losses of Xuetang Bao and the medical school aggravated the debt of the hospital, and the school was forced to close down. However, he did not lose heart. He also asked his friends to "ridicule the Han and Song Dynasties, propose Europe and Asia, draw swords and dance, and sing for wine". In 1901, he issued the "stock ticket of Liji hospital", which was run by himself and has been rebuilt. The next year, Wenzhou cholera epidemic, he did not avoid difficulties and dangers, day and night out to promote "Pulsatilla prescription", folk praise. In 1903, Liji Hospital of Juncheng opened the new word Ou literature school. Chen Qiu wrote the new word Ou Peiyi and Ou Yan Lue as teaching materials, and Zheng Xi's school journal. He marked the language of Wenzhou dialect with his original letters and tried to reform the local characters. Soon, due to poverty and illness, exhausted, he died on New Year's day in 1904 at the age of 53.

acquire importance

After liberation, Chen Qiu's political thought received unprecedented attention. Almost every book on the history of modern thought mentioned him, and the plan for publishing ancient books of the State Council was also included in his posthumous works. Due to the lost manuscripts, Chen Qiu Ji was published by Zhejiang People's Publishing House in 1992.

Liji medical college has become a national cultural security unit.