Luo Hongxian

Luo Hongxian

Luo Hongxian (1504-1564), with the name of Dafu and the name of nianan, is a Han nationality. He was born in huangchengxi, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province. He was a scholar of Ming Dynasty and an outstanding cartographer. He devoted all his life to the study of geography and other sciences, "studying maps and viewing history". He found that most of the maps at that time were inaccurate and inaccurate, so he went out to investigate and collect data in person, and prepared to compile a map with rich content and accurate geographical location. He created a map symbol legend and drew "Guangyu map" by planning. The creation of atlas not only inherits Zhu Siben's cartography, but also develops it to make the map more scientific and practical. Luo Hongxian can be called the greatest cartographer in the east at the same time as Mercator.

(overview photo source: the portrait of Mr. Luo nianan at the beginning of the volume of Mr. Luo nianan's bibliography published in the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty)

Life of the characters

In the eighth year of Jiajing reign of emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1529), he was the number one scholar, who was granted the Imperial Academy's compilation and moved to zuochun room to praise him. After he was dismissed, he wrote books and lectures all day long. After his death, he was given the title of Guanglu Shaoqing and Wenzhuang. He has 22 volumes of nianan collection and one volume of winter travels. In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), Weifu visited Huangmen, Zhu Yong in Hengyang, and accompanied Wang Tuo and others to visit Nanyue, zhurongfeng, Qingyu altar, Shangfeng temple and Gaotai temple. Song, the number one scholar in Gaotai temple, was planted together with the famous monk Chu Shi, which is a good story. He stayed in Fangguang temple for seven days to visit Erxian temple and remember Zhu Zhang. He wrote about 20 poems and several articles in Nanyue.

Luo Hong was born into an official family. He was very serious when he was young. He didn't want to play. He was determined to be a scholar when he was young. In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), Luo Hongxian took part in the provincial examination. In the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), Luo Hongxian won the first place in the palace examination. At that time, Emperor Shizong was superstitious in Taoism, seeking longevity, and his politics was extremely corrupt. Luo Hong first saw the corruption of the imperial court, that is, please go back. In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), he became a court official. He was dismissed because he offended emperor Shizong by publishing the book Donggong Chaohe Shu. From then on, Luo Hongxian left officialdom and began his life as a scholar.

After returning to the family farm, he lived in seclusion in the mountains. He devoted himself more to Wang Yangming's study of the mind. He closed the door to thank his guests and sat quietly for three years. He was willing to be indifferent. He practiced March 9 in winter, March 3 in summer, riding a horse and bowing, studying pictures and history, from astronomy, rites and music, laws and regulations, yin and Yang, and numbers to geography, water conservancy, frontier fortress, battle array, attack and defense.

Luo Hongxian's main achievements in his life are Neo Confucianism, cartography and literature. Especially the contribution of cartography. His two volumes of Guangyu map are the earliest Provincial Atlas in Chinese history. Luo Hongxian's achievements in cartography not only contributed to the cartography and geographical science of our country, but also attracted the attention of international peers, and occupied a place in the field of world cartography.

Main achievements

Literary ideas

There are three great changes in his literary ideas in the process of literary practice. At first, he followed Li Mengyang's example, opposing the vanity of Taige style and advocating the restoration of the ancients. But later, he gradually realized that the restoration school only emphasized that "literature must be written in Qin and Han Dynasties, poetry must be prosperous in Tang Dynasty", and imitated the ancients from words and sentences. Even if the writer's thoughts were constrained and his works were divorced from reality, he consciously gave up this kind of literary proposition and joined Tang and song schools such as Tang Shunzhi and GUI Youguang, who advocated "open opinions" for literature "Throat" is against imitating the ancients and ancient prose. His poems and essays not only get rid of the trace of imitating the ancients blindly by the school of imitating the ancients, but also have no Daoism of the school of Tang and Song dynasties.

Poetry works

On the wall of Tang Yuan

Purple forest will be barefoot, white dragon pool to see the Castle Peak.

Where does the medicine stove Dan well know, thirty six peaks smoke and the moon is cold

Tomb of worshiping Jingjie

Long hate bow thing, again worship to high grave.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was not the day before yesterday.

Sprinkle the wine with a bucket, and smell it with elegy.

If you don't drink, you will be drunk.

Achievements of Neo Confucianism

Luo Hongxian belongs to Jiangyou wangmen school in Neo Confucianism. He studied Wang Shouren's "Zhizhi" purpose under the guidance of Wang Honggang and he Tingren. The evolution of Luo Hongxian's thought is based on Wang Shouren's theory of "to conscience". In 1564, Luo Hongxian died at the age of 61. He was granted the title of Wengong by imperial edict to Guanglu Shaoqing. He has 22 volumes of nianan Ji, which is included in Siku Quanshu. In addition, travel notes in winter and guangyutu are handed down.

Historical records

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Ming History

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Scholars

2》 Record:

Luo Hongxian, zidafu, from Jishui. Fu Xun, Jinshi. Li Bingbu Wu xuanlang. During the selection of military positions in the HKCEE, more than 20 people were instructed to leave Liu Jin's gate and follow his rules. Jin angrily scolds Wang Chang, the Minister of state, for his fear of playing. According to the reason, a few days later Jin failed, open is Xie Xun. According to the history, Zhenjiang and Huai'an prefectures, Xuzhou military vice envoys, xianyousheng.

Hong Xian and you mu Luolun are human beings. In the 15th year of the new year, I read Wang Shouren's biography. If I want to receive my career, I can't stop. He was a teacher of Li Zhong in Tongyi and passed on his studies. In the eighth year of Jiajing period, the first Jinshi was awarded the title of Xiuzhuan. My uncle's eunuch, Zeng Zhixi, said, "I'm so lucky that I'm famous. Hong Xian said, "the cause of Confucianism is greater than this. In the past three years, one person is happy and contented. "Hong is the first to be filial. Every time his father Su guests, Hong xianguan brought wine, whisked the banquet, and bestowed a few very respectful gifts. If the time limit is two years, the court will impeach the official. Three years after his father's death, he did not enter the house. The same is true of mother's worries.

In the 18th year, jiangongliao called Chunfang Zuo zanshan. In winter, Tang Shunzhi and Zhao shichunshu invited the empress of the Sui Dynasty. The crown prince went out of the yuwenhua hall and was congratulated by his ministers. When he saw Hong Xian waiting for him, he was very angry and said, "I can't afford it. "He issued an imperial edict for more than a hundred words, saying that he was to blame, so he removed three people's names.

Hong Xiangui sought to keep benevolence. He is willing to be indifferent to the cold and the heat, leaps his horse to pull his strength, studies the map and looks at the history, from astronomy, local records, rites and music, laws and regulations, rivers and canals, frontier fortresses, battle lines and defense, grasps Yin and Yang, counts, and does not study them carefully. To talent, official affairs, national planning, public sentiment, I learned to visit Canada. He said, "if you do your duty, it's all my business. There are many drawbacks in the land tax. Please take all of them, and they belong to it. Hong first carefully observed and eliminated the disadvantages. When he was hungry, he moved to the county and got dozens of stones, leading his friends to bow to him. When the bandits enter Ji'an, they are at a loss. For the sake of painting strategy, the enemy will lead him. Su and Shun are friendly. Yan Song, a fellow countryman, tried to use the false border as soon as he was called.

Although Hong Xian was a scholar of conscience, he did not know how to keep benevolence. He insisted on Yi Da Zhuan's intention of "being still" and Zhou Zi's intention of "being quiet without desire". He also said, "Confucianism is in governing the world, and it is based on no desire. Only without desire, and then out of the world, knowledge and power. "At that time, Wang Ji said that conscience was natural, and it was not false and delicate. Hong Xianfei said, "is there a ready-made conscience? Although he had good relations with Ji, his arguments were not consistent. There are stone caves in the mountain. It was once a tiger's cave. It was built in the thatched cottage and named Shilian. Thank you, sit quietly for three years.

At the beginning, Gao GUI and Guo Yizhen were born in the same year. Xiang Qiao was the principal of the company. When a rich man sat down and died, he went through all kinds of money and asked for land, but Hong refused to listen. Qiao Wei sneered at it and said in a fierce voice, "don't you hear that the people with lofty ideals don't forget to be in the gully? Jiang Zhang broke his office, and governor Ma Sen was determined to fight for it. At the beginning of Longqing's death, he presented Guanglu Shaoqing and chenwenzhuang.

Anecdotes

Huixian Bridge

Huixian bridge is located in the west of shuijingtai, covering an area of about 200 square meters. It is the open-air theater of ancient Jinci temple. Unlike today's people who sit in orderly rows of theaters, the ancients watched operas standing in the open air, on railings, bridges and various buildings. As long as they could see the stage performance, they were full of spectators. The second building on the central axis is a bridge across the Zhipo canal in the upper reaches of Jinshui River.

It is said that Luo Hongxian, the first Jinshi in Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, was an upright official (and his treacherous minister Yan Song was his daughter's family). On April 14 of the lunar calendar, he toured the Jinci temple on the bridge and saw a woman. Luo Hongxian could not help sighing: "people in the world say that Xishi is beautiful, but I think this woman is better than Xishi." The woman was so ashamed and angry that she made Banqiao suddenly catch fire. Luo Hong almost fell into the canal first, and then looked at the woman, but she had already disappeared. Looking from a distance, he suddenly appeared on the xuanweng mountain. Luo said to himself, "if you are really a fairy, let me take a closer look at you." Before he finished, he saw xuanweng mountain crumbling and moving eastward for several steps. Luo was so frightened that he realized that it was very important. He wrote a poem:

In the xuanweng mountain, there is a feeling that the dragon and tiger are hidden, the water is floating, the fire is robbing the mountain, and the emperor's mother has been here for 50 years.

This monument is still in front of Notre Dame. This poem has nothing to do with legend, and later generations just don't understand its meaning. In fact, the author is suggesting the founding date of Notre Dame hall. Folk legend of Luo Hongxian quite God: "melon skin writing is not dry, not in Yunnan, in Sichuan."

The mystery of hanging pen stele

In the corridor on the right side of the Notre Dame Hall of Taiyuan Jinci temple, there is a very famous stele - "Xuanbi stele". The monument is 1.46 meters high and 0.72 meters wide. On it are three lines of cursive script like falling flowers, flying snow and gusting rain

There is a clear vein in xuanweng mountain,

The dragon and the tiger are hidden.

The water and the fire are moving,

For 50 years, the emperor's mother came.

Behind is the signature "Wu year hongxianxuanbi", and "Wancheng gaohuanyuan Mo Le Shangshi" nine words. Over the past few hundred years, it has attracted many poets and poets to linger on and forget to return for it, and many tourists have gone back for not getting a rubbings of inscriptions.

Why is this monument so charming?

In terms of calligraphy, this tablet can really stand the praise of Jinci inscription: "the body is beautiful, just like a sudden rain and wind, falling flowers and flying snow. Between the lines, reveals a school of unrestrained, vertical and horizontal weather, but also a detached dust, no lead uninhibited charm.

The author is Luo Hongxian, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty