Hu mi

Kanem bornu Kingdom

An ancient country in the Lake Chad region of Africa. In its heyday, it ruled southern Chad, northern Cameroon, northeastern Nigeria and Eastern Niger. In the middle of the 9th century, it was built by the sefawa people in kanem, northeast of Lake Chad. At the end of the 15th century, it was built into a powerful kingdom in bornu on the West Bank of Lake Chad, with the capital of nghazagam. In the early 20th century, it was divided up by Britain, France and Germany.

An ancient country in the Lake Chad region of Africa. In its heyday, it ruled southern Chad, northern Cameroon, northeastern Nigeria and Eastern Niger. In the middle of the 9th century, it was built by the sefawa people in kanem, northeast of Lake Chad. At the end of the 15th century, it was built into a powerful kingdom in bornu on the West Bank of Lake Chad, with the capital of nghazagam. In the early 20th century, it was divided up by Britain, France and Germany.
The kingdom of karnem is said to be the kingdom of zagawa in the early days. In 872, the name of karnem first appeared in Arabic records. Since the establishment of the kingdom of kanem, it has been ruled by the sefava Dynasty. From about 1085 to 1097, the reigning king Hu Mi converted to Islam and began to use the title of Islam to call the king Mai. During the reign of dunama, the son of khumi (about 1097-1150), kanem began to expand his territory and controlled the trade routes connecting Hausa, fizan and Darfur. His country became increasingly powerful, and reached its peak in the reign of dunama dabalemi (about 1221-1259), becoming a power comparable to the Malian empire. His northern border once advanced to the south of today's Libya. After the death of dunama dabalemi, civil strife took place constantly and the national power weakened day by day. At the end of the 14th century, under the pressure of King bol'ainu of Chad, his supporters moved to the West Bank. The kingdom was renamed bornu kingdom.
The king of bornu was renamed Caliph. Idris arauma, who ascended the throne around 1569, was bornu's resurgent king. He conquered the brala people, made them vassal, and ruled over Hausa (see Hausa city-state), Tuareg and other powerful enemies, and then competed with the Sanghai Empire, making bornu a military power in China and western Sudan. After the death of Idris arauma, his three sons succeeded in turn and continued to maintain the strength of the country for about 50 years. Since then, the monarch was fatuous and infighting became more and more frequent. In addition, he suffered from natural disasters, which weakened the national power day by day. In the first half of the 17th century, kanem was invaded by foreign enemies, and bornu sent Dala afuno, a slave of Hausa, to lead the army to rescue him. After driving away the invaders, Dara Adorno and the expeditionary army stayed in kanem. Their descendants are named after their leaders and are known as dalatawa.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Osman Dan fudio, the leader of the fulbei people, launched a "holy war" to attack bornu. In 1808, the king of bornu, who was expelled from the capital, asked for help from gannemi, the Archbishop of the dalatawa people. After defeating the army of Osman Dan fudio, gannemi became the actual ruler of bornu. In 1846, Umar, the son of gannemi, executed the last king of the sefava Dynasty, ending nearly a thousand years of rule of the sefava Dynasty and establishing the Sehu Dynasty. In 1893, the Shahu Dynasty was destroyed by Rabah Zubair. Rabah Zubair was killed by the French colonial army in 1900. In the struggle between Britain and France for this area, the center of bornu was occupied by British forces and became a part of the British protected area of northern Nigeria. The kingdom of kanem bornu was finally destroyed.