Li Gongpu

Li Gongpu

Li Gongpu (November 26, 1902 - July 12, 1946) was born in Huai'an, Wujin County. His name is Yongxiang, and his name is Jinxiang. He was a great patriot, a firm democratic fighter, an early leader of the China Democratic Alliance, and an outstanding social educator. On July 11, 1946, he was shot and assassinated by KMT agents in Kunming. He died in the early morning of the next day because of heavy injury and excessive blood loss.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Li Gongpu was born in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, in 1902. His name is Yongxiang, and his name is Jinxiang. During the May 4th movement, he was expelled by the shopkeeper because he exposed in the newspaper that some unscrupulous businessmen changed the label of Japanese goods into Chinese goods. In 1923, Li Gongpu was successfully admitted to the high school of Wenhua University, and came to Wuchang to study far away from his family. In 1924, he entered the high school affiliated to Hujiang University and was admitted to Hujiang University in 1925. In 1928, he was admitted to reed University, Oregon, United States, part-time work study. During his study abroad, he studied the educational situation in the United States and other countries in the world, and believed that the school "is the source of improving the social environment".

Home development

After returning to China, he and Gao Shiqi organized the Xuqiu news agency in Nanjing, together with Zou Taofen and Hu Yuzhi, launched the life daily, and founded the declaration circulation library, which aims to change the miserable life of shop assistants and young students. At the end of 1936, the library's collection of books increased from more than 2000 to more than 30000, with more than 20000 readers, including 4500 students. In 1934, Li Gongpu founded the semimonthly of reading life. The first Chinese translation of Das Kapital was published by reading life press. In December 1935, the Shanghai Federation of all walks of life to save the nation was established, and he was elected as the Standing Committee member. After the "seven gentlemen" incident on November 23, 1936, 35 year old Li Gongpu argued in court. Song Qingling, He Xiangning and others launched the patriotic prison campaign, and Chinese and foreign telegrams came in droves. The "seven gentlemen" in custody for more than eight months was acquitted.

Investigation in Shanxi

After Li Gongpu was released from prison, he went to Shanxi for investigation, visited Zhou Enlai and others, and had a discussion with a large number of enthusiastic young people engaged in the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement. He made a comprehensive investigation of the Anti Japanese situation through the pingsui, pinghan and Jinpu railway lines. After returning to Shanghai on October 10, he published a series of articles, such as the letter of appealing to the people for the mobilization of the whole people, believing that "without the mobilization of the whole people, there would be no war for the whole people.". At the invitation of Yan Xishan, he went to Shanxi to preside over the national revolutionary University. The ten programs of the national revolutionary university he drew up were in line with the ten programs of resisting Japan and saving the nation of the Communist Party of China. The number of teaching staff of the national revolutionary university soon increased to more than 5000. Later, many students went to Yan'an. Mao Zedong visited Li Gongpu and others in Yan'an. He also inscribed the old work "qingpingle Liupanshan" for the picture of hungry Great Wall drawn by his wife Zhang manyun. He supported Li Gongpu in organizing the Anti Japanese War and nation building teaching group, and provided him with an old Red Army soldier as a guard. Li Gongpu and his party went deep into Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei behind the enemy lines in North China. The teaching regiment was like a mobile school. Short training classes were set up everywhere they went to publicize the Anti Japanese War and spread the seeds of Anti Japanese War education. This action aroused Chiang Kai Shek's hatred and ordered that it be strictly banned. During his six-month trip to Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei, Li Gongpu visited more than 500 villages in 15 counties, believing that Shanxi, Chahar and Hebei are today's democratic model Anti Japanese base and the prototype of new China in the future. During the three years from August 1937 to November 1940, he went to the front line of Anti Japanese war in North China four times and visited Yan'an two times. He completed four or five hundred thousand words of Anti Japanese War speech, field communication and anti Japanese War education articles. Among them, four books, on the mobilization of the whole people, the theory and practice of Anti Japanese War education, Shanxi on the road to victory, and Shanxi chaji, the enemy's rear in North China, were very popular and inspiring.

Preparing for the NLD

In November 1940, Shen Junru invited Li Gongpu to Chongqing to discuss the preparation for the establishment of the China Democratic Alliance. After the South Anhui Incident, Zhou Enlai asked Li Gongpu to go to Yunnan and Myanmar for his safety, and gave him a toll. Li Gongpu has collected a large amount of information reflecting the achievements of the Chinese people in the war of resistance against Japan, and is going to Myanmar to hold an exhibition on "the current situation of China's war of resistance against Japan" to win the support of overseas Chinese and the people of the world for China's War of resistance against Japan. In Kunming, he ran Beimen bookstore, published more than 30 kinds of progressive literature and art books in more than two years, and reprinted Mao Zedong's on new democracy, on coalition government, and Zhu De's on the battlefield of the liberated areas in the underground printing house. In October 1945, Li Gongpu was appointed Executive member of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League, vice chairman of the education committee, and member of the Central Committee of the Chinese people's Salvation Association. In January 1946, he co founded social university with Tao Xingzhi in Chongqing. He served as vice president and provost and presided over the affairs of the University. Before the Anti Japanese War, Li Gongpu conducted national disaster education, during the Anti Japanese War, and after the Anti Japanese War, he conducted democratic education, and actively participated in the anti civil war and anti democracy movement.

Gongpu was killed

On February 10, 1946, more than 60 people from all walks of life, such as Guo Moruo, Ma Yinchu and Li Gongpu, were injured in the "bichangkou Massacre" by Kuomintang agents. In the face of the dangerous environment, Li Gongpu said: "we who are engaged in the democratic movement should be ready to sacrifice at any time." "For the sake of democracy, I'm ready to go out with two feet, and I'm not ready to go in again. "In May 1946, Li Gongpu came to Kunming from Chongqing. His arrival strengthened the democratic forces in Kunming and caused the panic of the reactionaries. The special agents of the central and military unification posted slogans and spread rumors everywhere, saying that the NLD" colluded "with the Communist Party of China and wanted to seize power by using local forces. They said that Li Gongpu came to Kunming with huge funds provided by the Communist Party of China to plot a riot. In order to expose the conspiracy of the reactionaries and explain the truth to the general public, the branch of the NLD held a press conference in Kunming. The responsible person of the NLD repeatedly declared that the NLD is a non violent revolutionary group and only strives for democracy in a peaceful way. Assassination and violence are firmly opposed by the NLD. After the plot of the reactionaries was exposed, they slandered, threatened and intimidated Li Gongpu and others. Li Gongpu didn't care about it. For the sake of China's peaceful and democratic cause, he had long ignored life and death. At a rally, Li Gongpu said, "do you want to threaten me with death? The people are not afraid of death. How can they fear it? Today, I'm going out on two feet and I'm not going to come back. " At the end of June 1946, the Democratic Alliance and people from all walks of life launched a ten thousand people signature movement in Kunming, demanding peace. Although the UDD has repeatedly claimed that it is not a violent group, it only strives for democracy by peaceful means and opposes assassinations and riots. However, the Nanjing National Government secretly ordered the Kunming police headquarters, the 13th military police regiment and other organs: "the Chinese Communist Party deliberately rebelled, and the Democratic League was willing to follow the chaos. In this emergency period, it is appropriate to deal with these traitors when necessary." Huo caizhang, commander-in-chief of Kunming police, drew up a list of persons in charge of the NLD to arrest and assassinate. Li Gongpu was ranked first and Wen Yiduo second. On the evening of July 11, Li Gongpu and his wife were assassinated by KMT agents at daxingpo, Qingyun Street on their way home. He died early the next morning. The whole Kunming is immersed in sorrow and anger. Mao Zedong and Zhu De sent telegrams of condolence.

personal works

literary works

Democratic military song

Among the materials collected by Yunnan Provincial Archives, there is the "democratic military song" composed by Li Gongpu from Xian Xinghai's "national salvation military song". Although the lyrics and tunes are relatively simple, it fully embodies Li Gongpu's ideal and belief of "creating a democratic China and being a free man forever" with his blood and life.

Historical evaluation

Li Gongpu's life is a life of constant pursuit of truth, a life of persisting in revolution and tenacious struggle, a life of being loyal to the cause of progress and peace and democracy of the Chinese nation, and a life of devoting himself to the cause of Chinese culture and social education. Li Gongpu's spirit of "patriotism, democracy and progress" not only has specific historical significance, but also has strong practical significance. Wen Yiduo said in his last speech: "if you kill one Li Gongpu, millions of Li Gongpu will stand up!" This is Wen Yiduo's affirmation of Li Gongpu's revolutionary spirit of daring to sacrifice his life for the sake of justice. It is precisely because of the continuous struggle of many revolutionary martyrs like Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo that they have won the victory of democratic revolution and today's peaceful China. Zhou Enlai said that "he was a soldier who died for the Democratic Revolution".

Family members

Li Gongpu, whose ancestral home is hutangqiao, Wujin County, Changzhou Prefecture, was born in Huai'an until he was 13 years old and moved to Zhenjiang with his parents. Li Gongpu's father was Xuezeng, and his name was ZengPei. Because he had been a member of Shen Dunlan's family in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, he used the word "Pei" as his name and worked as a steward in Shen's residence. Li Pei once married Zhou family in his native place. He gave birth to Yongren (1873-1906), Jin family (1873-1906), LAN Jun (1878-1919), and Huai'an Prefecture. Tian family (1878-1919), Jin Chang (1878-1919), Xiang Guo (1873-1906), Han Fei (1873-1906), Han Fen (1873-1906), nu Yi (1878-1919), and Lin yaocang (1878-1919). In 1884, Li Pei married Cheng family (1865-1930) and gave birth to Yongkang (1885-1945), Jinkang (1885-1945), shoutong (shoutong), Gongyu (Gongyu). He was originally married to Qian shouchang, Huaicheng city. His eldest daughter was his youngest son, Gongpu (female 1), fan Zhongyuan (Huaian Prefecture). Li Pei has two houses in Huai'an. One is the residence of Li Pei and his wife and their young son (Gongpu), which is located at zhuqueqiaotu, Dongchang street. The other is the house of his second son Yongyi (Hanfen), which is located in Donggong family hospital at the entrance of Dongyue Temple (south of the outpatient department of today's people's Hospital). in 1915, Li Pei and his wife, Cheng's wife, and ten children