Sakura yamasakura

Sakura yamasakura

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

Cherry is also known as northeast cherry, Benxi cherry, distributed in Liaoning Benxi, Fengcheng, Kuandian, Jilin Ji'an, Tonghua and other places. It is a good rootstock for sweet cherry grafting. Its advantages are high seed germination rate, strong growth, developed root system, strong fixation, grafting survival rate can reach more than 95%, strong cold resistance and resistance to rhizobia.

morphological character

Tree, 3-8 m high, bark gray brown or gray black. Branchlets gray white or light brown, glabrous, winter buds ovoid, glabrous. Leaves ovate elliptic or obovate elliptic, 5-9 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base round, edge acuminate, single serrated and double serrated, tooth tip with small glands, dark green above, glabrous below, light green below, glabrous, with 6-8 pairs of lateral veins; petiole 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous, apex with 1-3 round glands; stipules linear, 5-8 mm long, glandular teeth on the edge, caducous. inflorescence corymbose racemose or subumbelliform, with 2-3 flowers; involucral bracts brownish red, obovate oblong, about 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, glabrous outside and villous inside; peduncle 5-10 mm long, glabrous; bracts brown or light greenish brown, 5-8 mm long and 2.5-4 mm wide, with glandular teeth; pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm long, glabrous or very sparsely pilose; calyx tube tubular, 5-6 mm long, glandular, Sepals triangular lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long, apex acuminate or acute; margin entire; petals white, light pink, obovate, apex concave; stamens ca. 38; style glabrous. Drupe globose or ovoid, purple black, 8-10 mm in diam. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruiting period is from June to July.

Growth environment

It is suitable for deep, fertile and well ventilated slightly acidic sandy loam. It is not suitable for cutting in places with heavy soil or high water level. It has shallow root, fast growth rate, germination ability, and stronger resistance to smoke than Japanese cherry and Tokyo cherry.

Distribution range

There are wild or cultivated plants in Shandong Province. The wild plants are mostly found on the hillsides and under the sparse forests below 800 meters above sea level in Laoshan, Kunyu and Mengshan.

Breeding methods

Seed collection

In July, pick the flesh from the cherry tree to soften the berries, spread it on the clean ground, step on it to separate the flesh from the seeds, put it in the bucket, add a little water and rub it. Pour out pulp, fruit stalk, shriveled seeds and sundries lightly. Add water, rub and float for many times. Take out the seeds at the bottom of the container and put them in a cool and ventilated place. After 5-7 days, the seeds are naturally dried in the shade, packed in sandbags and stored in a dry and ventilated place.

Germination treatment

In early January, the seeds were soaked in cold water for 48-72 H. Mix the seeds with 3 ~ 4 times of the volume of river sand, and the water content of the sand is 25% ~ 30%. The suitable temperature is - 10 ~ 5 ℃. When sowing, be sure to see the bud to sow. If the seed does not germinate, it will not sprout in many places after sowing.

Bed cover

After sowing, the bed should be covered with 1 ~ 1.5cm thick straw or straw curtain or fine leaves. Straw curtain and straw should be removed after emergence.

Water spray

After covering, water should be sprayed to soak the soil on the bed surface to a depth of 4 ~ 6cm. If there is enough rainfall within 3-5 days after sowing, there is no need to spray water. The second spraying 5-7 days after the first spraying can ensure the emergence of seedlings. In the following growing season, water should be sprayed in time in case of severe drought.

Insecticidal

From May to September, we should pay attention to the prevention of aphids and leaf eating pests, and spray 1500 times 40% dimethoate. If aphids and leaf eating navicular caterpillars are damaged at times, 20% oxychlor can be sprayed to kill effectively.

Topdressing

In the last ten days of July, if the leaves of the seedlings are not thick green but light yellow, the urination can be evenly distributed to the bed before the rain. If there is no natural rain, the water should be sprayed after the fertilizer is spread, which is beneficial to the absorption of the roots and seedlings on the one hand and prevents the burning and death of the seedlings on the other hand.

Overwintering and cold proof

In the first ten days of November, the seedlings should not be transplanted or planted, and the bed surface should be sprayed with water, and the depth of soaking bed surface should not be less than 10 cm.

Seedling cultivation technology

Root pruning and soaking of seedlings

The root system should be cut at 10 ~ 15cm before planting, and the root width should be kept at 20 ~ 30cm. Root pruning is beneficial to promote root regeneration and avoid root nest during planting. Before planting, the root system and some seedlings should be soaked in water for 24h to fully absorb water. If a small amount of rooting powder is dissolved in water, it is more conducive to the survival of seedlings.

Hole digging and fertilization

Before transplanting, according to the plant spacing of 0.75m, dig 30cm deep and 30cm wide planting holes on the ridge, and apply farmyard manure into the holes with the amount of 5 ~ 10kg. It is best to mix the fertilizer with the pit soil evenly.

Seedling transplantation

The transplanting period is from late October to early November in late autumn and early winter or from late March to mid April in early spring. The transplanting time in autumn is abundant and the survival effect is good. The transplanting times were 2-3 times according to the row spacing and seedling growth status. For example, in the first time, the plants were planted at 0.75m × 0.75m row spacing, and in the second time, the plants were kept and transplanted at 1.5m × 1.5m row spacing after 2 ~ 3A growth.

Watering, weeding and pest control

After planting seedlings on the flat land, irrigate the ridge and ditch. On the slope land, the soil plate should be cultivated after planting seedlings, and the water should be poured into the plate, and the soil surface should be soaked for 30 cm. Weeding should be done in time in growing season within 5-7 years after planting. In the growing season, when aphids and leaf eating insects damage the leaves, it is necessary to spray insecticides such as oxytetracycline or sumidadin in time.

Pruning and shaping

After transplanting, 2 buds should be cut as close to the surface as possible. Later, with the increase of seedling stem, the upper part of the main shoot and branches are retained in February to March every year. The branches in the lower part are thinly cut by sticking to the roots, and the branches at the top should be thinly cut if they grow the same as the main shoot. The whole tree should have obvious trunk, strong crown and branches in the center trunk. After 6-8 years of growth and multiple management, when the DBH is 5-7 cm, the plant height is more than 2.5 m, and the crown width is about 1.5 m, we can get out of the nursery.

Main value

It is one of the wild fruit resources on hillside and forest edge, and can be used as rootstock for pruning cherry. There are many pruning varieties, and almost all cherry varieties have this kind of genetic relationship. The material is dense, the heartwood is light brown, and the sapwood is yellow white, which can be used for architecture, musical instruments, sculpture, etc.