Lianheng

Lianheng

Lian Heng, the diplomatic strategy of the Warring States period, came from the political strategists among the "hundred schools of thought" and corresponded with "he Zong", which was also called Lian Heng. It is Zhang Yi's diplomatic strategy, also used to refer to alliance.

meaning

1. Zhang Yi's diplomatic strategy

Lian Heng was a diplomatic strategy in the Warring States period. It corresponds to "he Zong". It comes from the political strategist in the "hundred schools of thought". "Han Feizi" said: "vertical, unite the weak to attack a strong; horizontal, a strong thing to attack the weak." ——Han Fei's Han Feizi

In the Warring States period, the origin of "vertical" and "horizontal" is said to be due to the fact that "North-South" is called "vertical" and "East-West" is called "horizontal". The state of Qin is located in the West and the six states in the East. The alliance of the six countries is a north-south alliance, so it is called "joint vertical"; the alliance of the six countries with Qin is an east-west alliance, so it is called "Lianheng".

In ancient times, Lianheng was also called Lianheng. There is a sentence in Jia Yi's "on crossing the Qin Dynasty" that "when it is the right time, the Shang emperor will assist it in internal power, law, farming and weaving, cultivating and defending the tools of war, and fighting against the princes. So the people of Qin gave up their hands and took it out of the West River. "

2. Alliance in general

In the biography of Zhang mianzhuan in the book of Liang Dynasty, it is said that "when the country was scattered, it was weak, but it was linked with the country." "Chen Shu · Gaozu Ji Shang" said: "Yuzhang registered pirates, relying on the mountains and rivers, repaired armour and got together. When he was many years old, he got married from Lianheng and became a friend of Guangyuan." "The history of the Old Five Dynasties · Hanshu · biography of Shi Hongzhao" says: "there is nothing to live in, but Hezhong, Yongxing and Fengxiang conspire against each other."

background

After Shang Yang's reform, Qin became the first of the seven heroes in the Warring States period by virtue of its powerful national strength. The six states to the east of Tongguan were at a loss in the face of the aggressive power of the state of Qin.

Luoyang people

Su Qin

Starting from the geographical interests, this paper puts forward the strategy of joining forces to fight against Qin.

The base point of the strategy is the geographical advantage of the six countries. In 333 BC, Su Qin's lobbying was successful, and the envoys of the six countries formed an alliance against Qin in huanshui (now Anyang, Henan Province). Su Qin served as the commander of Zongyue. The six countries agreed on a joint action plan against Qin. The six countries, which are geographically connected and benefit related, have survived for a hundred years in front of the strong Qin Dynasty relying on the United forces.

The geographical relationship between the six states and Qin state is different, and their enthusiasm for the alliance is also different. Zhang Yi believes that the six nation alliance can be disintegrated with the strategy of long-range and close attack. Zhang Yi's proposition was supported by King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty. Zhang Yi and Su Qin are both students of GUI GuZi, a political strategist. They are proficient in maneuvering. Zhang Yi worked hard for Lian Heng and lobbied for the collapse of he Zong. ——Warring States policy

implementation

According to the Warring States policy, Zhang Yi told Chen Huiwen, king of Qin Dynasty, about the strategy of fighting against the alliance: "today, the terrain of Qin Dynasty is divided into long and short, with thousands of miles and millions of famous teachers. The order of Qin Dynasty, rewards and punishments, and the interests of the terrain are the best in the world. In this way, the whole world has its own shortcomings. " In order to disintegrate the alliance of six countries, we should "take Zhao kuhan as an example, take Jing (Chu), Wei as officials, Qin Qi and Yan as relatives, and take the name of Chengbo (BA) as king, and take the road of the four neighboring princes." So King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty began to use Zhang Yi to carry out the strategy of Lianheng. The initial goal was to make friends with the states of Qi and Chu, and to attack the states of Korea and Wei. Because Korea and Wei are neighboring countries, Chu is a neighboring country, but the Central Plains is a big country, Qi is far away in the East.

In the second year of emperor Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (323 BC), in order to resist the policy of emperor Huiwen of Wei and achieve the purpose of annexing the territory of Wei, Zhang Yi used the strategy of Lianheng to meet with the ministers of Qi and Chu in yesang (now the southwest of Peixian County in Jiangsu Province) to eliminate the anxiety of Qin's eastward movement. Zhang Yi returned to the state of Qin from yesang and was removed from phase. In the third year, the state of Wei had to take Zhang Yi as its prime minister because of Huishi's alliance with Qi and Chu's failure. In fact, Zhang Yi's ultimate goal is to let the state of Wei be the leader of Qin. In 319 B.C., Gong Sun Yan, a native of Wei state, was supported by Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Yan and other countries and became the Prime Minister of Wei state. Zhang Yi was expelled back to Qin Dynasty. In the eighth year of emperor Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (317 BC), Zhang Yi was appointed Prime Minister of Qin again. In 9 A.D. (316 B.C.), King Hui of Qin accepted Sima CuO's suggestion and sent Zhang Yi, Sima CuO and others to lead the troops to attack Shu and win, and immediately destroyed Ba and Ju. Qin's military prosperity provided favorable conditions for Qin's economic development.

effect

Qin with strong force, the use of this plan received practical benefits: the collapse of the six countries united, and ultimately destroy the six countries unified China.