Yan Ermei

Yan Ermei

Yan Ermei (October 16, 1603 - December 28, 1679), a poet in the late Ming Dynasty, was a native of Peixian County, Jiangsu Province. In the third year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, he was a great master of the restoration society. Between Jiashen and Yiyou, history can be used to draw strategies, but history cannot be used. It's about scattering wealth, gathering guests and running for state affairs. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, he was a monk in the East. The poem has a strange atmosphere and a deep and powerful tone. There is a collection of Baida mountain people.

summary

Posthumous title

After Yan Ermei died, his posthumous title was Wenjie. He was the eighth of riyuetang.

Poetic style

After the Qing army entered the pass, Yan Ermei went to the south to join the Hongguang regime and worked as an aide to shikefa. He tried to persuade Shi Kefa to march into Shandong, Hebei and other places in order to recover. After the death of Ming Dynasty, he continued to fight against the Qing Dynasty. After destroying the graves of his ancestors, he scattered all his wealth to make friends with heroes and determined to recover the Ming Dynasty. He was captured twice by the Qing army, unyielding, looking for opportunities to escape and then exiled. During more than ten years, he visited nine provinces, including Chu, Qin, Jin and Shu. In his later years, seeing no hope of recovery, he returned to his hometown.

Yan Ermei was one of the important figures in the fushe society in the Ming Dynasty. He was well-known at that time. People compared him with "Er Zhang" (Zhang Pu, Zhang Cai), and his poems were similar to his fellow townsman Wan Shouqi's style. He was also known as "Yan Wan" by people at that time.

His ancient poems are like Li Bai's, and his talent is boundless and boundless, while his two styles are rigorous and vigorous. Because of his turbulent times, frustrations, and the destruction of his family and country, most of his poems were full of deep national feelings, and his style was desolate and vigorous, which was quite famous at that time.

Yan Ermei is so persistent and devoted to the cause of anti Qing Dynasty and restoration of Ming Dynasty. Even a hissing horse will arouse his enthusiasm to go on the journey again and remind him of the glorious years when he called on heroes from all over the world to fight the enemy and make contributions. Therefore, he wrote: "doubting Duan, he felt pity and refused to run. If you call on all righteous people, fortunately you killed hu er And the remains of those ancient heroes, which were not successful, not only became benevolent, but also encouraged and strengthened the poet's determination to fight the enemy to the death. At the Wujiang ferry, the author wrote: "the hero is trapped on the left side of Yinling Road, and the Zhui horse hisses for thousands of miles. The success or failure of any obstruction, face, not with the pavilion across Jiangdong

However, history is merciless. Yan Ermei destroyed her family and scattered her wealth for her. The struggle against the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than ten years, finally failed. Although he did not choose to live in disgrace, live in anonymity and return to his hometown as he thought at first, he did not spend many years in peace because of his love for his country and his strong feeling of witnessing the decline of the old days, so that he could not forget his country for a moment and abandon the Ming Dynasty for a moment. He firmly maintained his national integrity and flatly refused to cooperate with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. He had risked several times to secretly go to the mausoleum of the former Emperor, where he sprinkled a bitter "adherent" Ju, and said in his poem that he would "die as a fierce ghost, and live as a stubborn people." Yan Ermei not only said that, but also really did it.

After he was disappointed to return to his hometown, an old friend of his, Hu Qianguang, happened to be a magistrate in Peixian county. He admired Yan Ermei's name and wrote to Yan Ermei, trying to persuade him to become an official. Yan Ermei resolutely refused this request, and did not hesitate to offend the powerful, cut off the robe, and wrote a poem to break off the friendship, indicating her ambition and attitude. "Juejiechen Hu Qianguang" says: "a thief is an old friend. Dare to book, hope to sit with. A smile set Fu Da, Xiaoran Lake Waterfront. The water of the lake is frosty and green, and the trees are bright and green in the early years. His wife is willing to work hard, but he is weak. Our country has its ups and downs, but our way has its own limitations. When a snake listens to fate, it turns fresh when it is soft. Life and death are not for me, but Yu disgraces me. " In the poem, the officials of the Qing Dynasty are called "rogue officials", and the abandonment of the Ming Dynasty and becoming an official of the Qing government are regarded as following the times and customs, while repeatedly stating that they want to keep high and clean like the lake water, but no longer in the fierce way of struggle in the past, but to make their heart soft and tolerant, so as to wait for the change of time. It can be seen from this that the poet's determination to maintain his national integrity, his determination not to cooperate with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, and his deep attachment to the Ming Dynasty.

As the poet traveled all over the country for more than ten years, he returned to his hometown in his old age and had more contact with the working people of the lower class. He also felt deeply about their suffering. Therefore, in this collection of poems, the author not only records his own experience of fighting against the Qing Dynasty and expresses his determination to fight against the Qing Dynasty to the death, but also records the atrocities of the Qing army and the wanton massacre of the people.

"Cherish Yangzhou": "hurt Hu riding across Shanan, killing only Yangzhou. Yangzhou is a place of pride and luxury. Chan City is good for farmers and lazy for farming. Cooking is different, cooking is fresh and crude, wuhui, Yuanchi house is waiting for home. The Oriental white, a Geisha at a feast, looks like a picture of the setting sun. The great merchants of Yangzhou sit in the golden cave, and they are green and bright. The tide, the thunder, the switch, the song. Yangzhou tour competition article, Wucheng short Fu cut from the gut. Xie Xuanqi villa, meihualing, Yongshu shile, Pingshan hall. The officials in Yangzhou are greedy, the incorruptible are greedy. In front of the Department, the price is too high to be ashamed. Yangzhou's daughter's flesh is like snow, and she is full of butterflies. I didn't know silkworm at the beginning of my life. Pleasure comes not from hard work, but from violence. Once the flag flies to Guangling, the sound of drums is sad, and the sound of flute and drum stops. The sword sounds, the iron front is broken, and the zombies fill the streets. The spring of Hangou flows to Jinguan. It's chasing, and it's floating in the red end. After plundering the great merchants and the high-ranking officials, Mr. Qiu Malang ran to bear the burden. Silk, silver Yue, water and land clothes, and sweet dowry and beautiful woman. Women think of good, cheap, bitter whip sores, disease drive dry bones barren plug. If the dead are not buried and the living die, the head of Yalu River is crying

The poet describes in detail the massacre in Yangzhou in the second year of Shunzhi. After that, Yangzhou, which is famous for its prosperity in Chinese history, became an empty city. The poet is very sad about this. In this article, I cherish Yangzhou, I use nearly a thousand words to remember the tragedy. The comparison between the past and the present makes great efforts to exaggerate the prosperity of the past, contrast the desolation of the ruins, and express the author's sad mood of being powerless in the face of the broken mountains and rivers.

After entering the Qing Dynasty, the author lived in seclusion, had more contact with the working people, understood the suffering of the people, and expressed his deep concern and sympathy for the working people in many of his poems. For example, in the song of picking mulberry, nine out of ten people grow mulberry, and the continuous green shade covers thousands of mu. Every year when the mulberry is ripe, I am afraid that people will steal the mulberry. The year before last, there were floods and droughts, and private debt and government rent were in full swing. It's a pity that there are few mulberry fields. Mulberry picking women are more intelligent than men, and Xiao Wu sticks her shoes with bamboo shoots. Young parents blame nvhong, and silkworm is one of them. Mulberry is young and strong, thin and fat, and silkworm is full and hungry. Taboo always outside the meaning of life, hard work exhausted cocoon. They could not be sold, and they were eager to pay off the government rent and private debt. The silk in the weaving room was exhausted, and the loom was ringing in the West. Old age without rice loan people suffering, Wanyi next year's new silk repair.

This poem reflects that the farmers suffer from the exploitation of private debt and government rent. The first four sentences describe the hardship of planting mulberry. Every time the mulberry leaves are ripe, it is the day when the mulberry farmers work hard. The mulberry leaves are made up of the painstaking efforts of the mulberry farmers, and the survival of the whole family depends on them. Therefore, they are "afraid of being stolen by others. They have to go out early and come back late, and spare no effort to guard the mulberry fields, hoping for a good harvest.

However, drought and natural disasters deprive the government and farmers of all their debts. It's easy to have a good weather this year, but there are fewer mulberry varieties. The ups and downs and the ups and downs make people feel sympathy for the tragic fate of mulberry farmers.

Then "mulberry picking women are more intelligent than men..." The four sentences indicate a group of images of mulberry picking girls. It's just dawn, cold, mulberry girl has been carrying bamboo blue, break through the fog, busy in the mulberry field. As an underage, he had to learn sewing and embroidery and help his parents share the labor at home and abroad.

Next, he further wrote about the hardships of planting mulberry and raising silkworms. "Mulberry has young and fat, but also silkworm full and silkworm hungry,..." Mulberry farmers carefully take care of mulberry trees and silkworms, for fear of any accident, so that their efforts wasted. But who cares about sang Nong's life and death? The author is full of sympathy and expresses the injustice in his heart. When the cocoons were finished and the silk was spun, and before they could be woven into a whole piece, they rushed to the market to sell it in exchange for money to repay the official rent and private debt. When the weather turned cold, the silk was used up, and all the money sold was used to repay the rent. All the year round, I still suffer from hunger. But life still has to go on, so I have to borrow money from others to buy food for the whole family to survive the year. But the hope is still there. Although it is slim, I still hope that there will be a good future next year.

Yan Ermei's poems, full of anti Qing consciousness, mercilessly exposed the cruelty and barbarism of the Qing Dynasty rulers, reflecting the suffering of the people, were naturally not allowed by the rulers at that time, so it was difficult to escape the fate of being banned and destroyed.

Life of the characters

brief introduction

As an indomitable scholar against Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, Yan Ermei spent the rest of his life wandering in the north and south of the Yangtze River and the hinterland of the Central Plains, and shed the last drop of blood for the struggle against Qing Dynasty. Until the 18th year of Kangxi, when he died of hatred, he also told his family not to cover his coffin with the dome Tomb of Manchu, but to bury himself with the square Tomb of Ming Dynasty.

As the "last adherent" of the Ming Empire, Yan Ermei's tortuous life experience is definitely a novel theme. If it is made into a TV series, it will be absolutely wonderful. Not to mention the first half of Yan Ermei's life, he traveled to Jiangnan at the age of 21 and made friends with Xia Yun