Zhang Jinwu

Zhang Jinwu

Zhang Jinwu (1787-1829), a book collector, edition expert and engraver in the middle of Qing Dynasty, was born in Zhaowen (now Changshu), Jiangsu Province. Zhang Renji, grandson, Zhang guangjizi, nephew of Zhang Haipeng. His parents died early and was brought up by his Uncle Zhang Haipeng. He studied in the "zhaokuangge" Library and collated "Taiping Yulan" and "Xuejin Taoyuan". In the 14th year of Jiaqing period (1809), he was a disciple of Dr. Fu. He soon abandoned his work and devoted himself to collecting books, proofreading books, publishing books, and studying and collating all kinds of learning.

Life of the characters

Word Shenzhan, another word Yuexiao, Daoguang when all life. At the age of 12, he lost his father. He was taught by his Uncle Zhang Haipeng. He was educated by Huang Tingjian, a famous book collector in Tongli. In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), he made up for the doctor's disciples and soon abandoned them. He devoted himself to collecting books and studying all kinds of learning. Concentrate on classics and bibliography. In 1818, Jiaqing compiled 20 volumes of Airi Jinglu bibliography and 4 volumes of rare books collection records. In 1827, 36 volumes and 4 volumes of AI RI Jing Lu collection records were compiled, which included nearly 800 editions of the song and Yuan Dynasties and rare editions in the world. It is a famous catalogue for the Qing Dynasty. Together with Chen Kui, the book collector, he is known as "two friends of book collection". In 1826, his nephew Zhang chenghuan seized all his books.

The origin of book collection

Zhang Jia has been collecting books for generations. His grandfather, Zhang Renji, had zhaokuang pavilion with a collection of ten thousand volumes; his father, Zhang Guangji, created the Sutra hall with the idea that "it's better to leave your son a golden jar than a Sutra"; his uncle, Zhang Haipeng, was a famous calligrapher at that time, and the three influential books in the history of Chinese publishing, Xuejin Taoyuan, mohai Jinhu and jieyueshanfang Huichao, were carved by Zhang Haipeng. On the basis of his ancestors' collection of books, Zhang Jinwu collected 80000 volumes of all kinds of books. He took Zengzi's words of "loving the sun to study" and named his building "loving the sun to study". Yijingtang, shidezhai, qinglixian hall, shishishige, Yixuan, qiujiushuzhuang, and Moxiang boat.

Contribution Summary

His works include Shi Mian, Shi GUI, Guang Shi Ming, doctor's examination of Five Classics in Han Dynasty, quoting classics of seventeen histories, Bai Hu Tong Zhu, primary school examination, etc.

Collected "Jin Wen Zui", "Yi Jing Tang Xu Jing Jie", "Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Chang Bian", "Shang Shu Yi Cui" and so on. Jinwenzui is a collection of jinwenzui. It took nearly 13 years (1810-1822) to compile the collection. There were 120 volumes of the Jin Dynasty's writings, which were edited into 60 volumes. However, it is still recorded in the original volume, but not in the original volume. The book includes 42 categories, such as Fu, Sao, cewen, Zhigao, Qiwen, Zhushu, Ming, Zan, Ji, Xu, Lun, Shuo, Xingju and lament. The title of the book is "the most", which is based on "meeting is the most", that is, the meaning of gathering.

Since the middle of Yuan Dynasty, the works of Jin people have been less popular. Zhang Jinwu collected it carefully and made it a great structure. Huang Tingjian of the Qing Dynasty praised the book as "unprecedented". Compared with Guo Yuan's Quan Jin Shi, "although they have done the same thing, they are more diligent than Guo Shi" (preface to Jin Wen Zui). The publication of Jin Wen Zui not only provided convenience for the study of Jin Dynasty literature, but also collected useful historical documents for understanding the political and economic situation of Jin Dynasty. Because the book is intended to be perfect, it is inevitably complicated.

Editing and proofreading features

For each description of a book, the editions are listed first, and then the anthologies are compiled. The prefaces, postscripts and words in jingyikao, xiaoxuekao and quantangwen are collected to solve the problems. According to the style of Siku Quanshu Zongmu, the books not collected in Siku Quanshu are added according to categories. The time and the author of the additional notes are distinguished by Yinwen. This style was imitated by later collections.

Historical evaluation

Zhang Jinwu's book collection has a special position and great influence in the history of Changshu's book collection. Zhang Jinwu said: "in the past hundred and sixty years since the collection of ancient Mao's and Qian's, there has been no successor. Zhijun (i.e. premier Chen) and Jinwu, and the wind has revived." Under their influence, Changshu's big and small book collectors are constantly emerging, the most famous of which is Qu's Tieqin Tongjian building.

Collection and engraving of books

Concentrate on the study of catalogue. His uncles Zhang Haipeng and Zhang Jinggu are both fond of collecting books. He collected more than 80000 volumes of old collections in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The original library "Yijing hall" was later named "love day Jinglu" according to the sentence "gentlemen love day to learn, timely to act" in the book of rites. There are also "qingjuxian hall", "epic Pavilion", "qiujiu Shuzhuang", "Moxiang boat", "shidezhai" and "jishulu", all of which contain ancient and modern books. He often visited Chen Kui and Li zhaoluo, the book collectors at that time. In the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820), the old inscriptions and transcripts of the song and Yuan Dynasties were selected and compiled into 36 volumes of "Ai RI Jing Lu collection records" and 4 volumes were continued. For each description of a book, the editions are listed first, then the prefaces, postscripts and words of various collections are compiled, and then the original book is verified, and then the collected data are used to solve the problems. According to the style of Siku Quanshu Zongmu, the books not collected in Siku Quanshu are added according to categories. The time and the author of the additional notes are distinguished by Yinwen. The style of this item was imitated by later collections. In addition, he collected the lost books in the literary garden of liechao for 12 years and compiled them into 120 volumes of jinwenzui. In addition, more than 80 Sutras of song and Yuan Dynasties were adopted to form 1436 volumes of yijingtang xujingjie to make up for the deficiency of tongzhitang Jingjie. He published hundreds of volumes, such as "a long series of continued Zizhi Tongjian". Huang Tingjian, a scholar, was invited to copy and proofread books for him. In the center of the long edition, the words "Ai RI Jing Lu Hui copied secret book" were engraved, or "Zhao Wen Zhang Jin Wu collected books" were engraved outside the column. There are more than 70 kinds of books, which are the works of famous writers in Tang, song and Yuan Dynasties. In his later years, due to heavy debts, his books were purchased by his family's younger generation, Zhang chenghuan, one after another, while the rest were scattered among collectors. The book collection is printed with "secret book", "Zhang yinyuexiao", "airijinglu book collection", "once at Zhang Yuexiao" and so on. His works include Shi Mian, Shi GUI, Guang Shi Ming, an examination of the five classics of the Han Dynasty, an examination of the seventeen classics cited by the history of the Han Dynasty, and Bai Hu Tong Zhu.