Tujia Nationalitys Quinone

Tujia Nationalitys Quinone

"Tujia Diaoqu" is not only a wind instrument with peculiar structure, but also a genre of folk songs. At the same time, in Western Hunan, it is also the name of common music cards shared by instrumental music and vocal music, and "Diaoqu" is also used as the lining words and sentences when singing in tunes. Duoquine is also known as "dull mile". Tujia dialect is called "Early Gude", Tujia single-reed upright wind instrument. Although it is simple to make, it can play a happy and crisp melody, so it is deeply loved by Tujia women and children.

On June 7, 2008, Longshan County of Hunan Province declared "Tujia Quinan" which was approved by the State Council and listed in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Heritage serial number: 624 II-125.

historical origin

Diaquine has a long history. As for the origin of Du Du Qui, there is another legend among Tujia people: when Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, Zhuangding people were caught everywhere, and a young Tujia man named "Du Du" was also taken away. After he left, his pregnant wife Barrie was abused by her cruel mother-in-law. Alone and helpless, Barre climbed north every day, looking forward to his husband's return. She also trusted to pull a bamboo root, cut it into bamboo flute, and called her husband to come home. In this way, day after day, she kept watching, blowing and looking forward, and finally died in the mountains. People sympathized with her and were touched by her spirit. They imitated her bamboo flute and called for her relatives to return. Later, this kind of bamboo flute was called "Duoqu" (Gui).

artistic characteristics

artistic form

Duoquine is also known as "dull mile". Tujia dialect is called "Early Gude", Tujia single-reed upright wind instrument. Although it is simple to make, it can play a happy and crisp melody, so it is deeply loved by Tujia women and children. Diquoi can be solo or ensemble, often two pairs together, bright tone, lively tune. It is popular in Longshan, Sangzhi, Baojing and Yongshun of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, Laifeng and Hefeng of West Hubei Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

structure characteristics

The pipes are made of fine bamboo tubes with a length of 15 to 20 centimeters. Internal diameter O.41 cm. The upper end of the bamboo tube has a bamboo knot, and a slant is cut at the bottom of the knot to split thin sheets into springs. The outer skin is flattened on the front of the tube body. There are three or four holes in the tube wall, and one end is cut off as an empty tube sound hole. There are two different scales of 1235 and 5123. There are abundant music cards with fixed titles. There are various forms of performance, such as solo, ensemble or ensemble.

Execution

When playing, the reed is in the mouth and played vertically. The pitch of the DQ varies with the length of the tube and the position of the holes. It can produce four or five tones. Three-hole dinaquine can produce four sounds (g1, a1, b1, d2). Four-hole DQ can produce five sounds (d1, g1, a1, b1, d2). The third hole can produce various decorative sounds. Its traditional tunes have fixed titles, such as "Quinoline Quinoline", "Baniel Quinone", "Lilila Quinone", and some have lyrics.

Representational repertoire

Traditional music includes "play tune", "catch up with the market", "Buneydo", "Slow Baneydo", "Laparker", "Naiyonai" and so on.

Inheritance Significance

As a unique folk instrument of the Tujia people, Quinqueline is widely spread in the Tujia area and is deeply loved by the Tujia people because of its simple production and easy learning. As an externalized form of Tujia music, Qui has its unique structure, sentence pattern and performance form. At the same time, it links with Tujia customs, life and all aspects of society, and carries the development thread of Tujia music culture. Besides people's entertainment or emotional transmission, it also has the rich connotation of Tujia music culture, which is very consistent with the simple sounds of ancient China. Musical aesthetics.

With the development of the times, Tujia nationality's unique folk music of "Qui" has become more and more rare. Its distribution area has been shrinking and its inheritors have declined sharply. In the Hunan-Hubei-Chongqing border area where Tujia people live, except Longshan Chehe River Basin and Riye Management Area, and a few neighboring villages in Yongshun and Baojing, other areas have basically lost their inheritance.

Inheritance and Protection

In 2006, the Tujia Nationality's Quinone was selected as the first provincial intangible cultural heritage list. In 2008, it was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Longshan intangible cultural heritage protection center is the main body of protection.