Hillside sheep

Hillside sheep

Hillside sheep, Qupai name, also known as "hillside sheep", "Su Wu Chijie". Beiqu belongs to Zhonglv palace. It takes shanpo Yang Jiuyou by Zhang Kejiu as the main style, with 11 sentences and nine rhymes, or each sentence is rhymed. Nanqu belongs to ShangDiao, with Shen Jing's shanpo Yang xuequ Liuling Bujie as the main style, eleven sentences and eleven rhymes. His representative works include Zhang yanghao's "shanpo sheep · Tongguan nostalgia", Qiao Ji's "shanpo sheep · Jixing", Tang Yin's "ShangDiao" and "shanpo sheep · tender green banana garden".

The evolution of Qupai

Shanpo sheep, the earliest name of Qupai in song and Yuan Dynasties, is commonly used in dramas and Sanqu Xiaoling. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhou Deqing's Zhongyuan phonology listed 335 tunes of Beiqu, and placed the "Su Wu Chijie" card in Zhonglu palace, with the self Annotation "that is, the sheep in the hillside". In the same book, the last sentence and the final sentence are called hillside sheep. From the unearthed samples of Chen Cao'an's and Wu Mingshi's works, we can see that both of them are entitled "sheep in the hillside", which is consistent with Yuefu Xinsheng in Yuanqu. The late emergence of "shanpo sheep" and "Su Wu Chijie" should be due to the pursuit of refinement or elegance after the literati took over the folk literature. The word "Li" here is just a colloquial background word. It does not change the meaning whether it exists or not, so it can be simplified.

"Hillside sheep" brand name with a strong local flavor, and should come from the north. In Qupai, the names of "embroidered shoes", "new silk" and "dressing table" are common, but the names of animals and livestock are rare. It seems that there is only one "sheep", such as "sheep pass", "hillside sheep", "sheep head boots" and "goat turn five watch". "Hillside" and "sheep" are often closely related to the nomadic life of northerners. In addition to the earliest name of "shanshanli sheep", in order to show its characteristics, Qupai "shanshanli sheep" often has a prefix, such as "Shuo shanshanli sheep", "guatiao Shanli sheep", "Fentiao Shanli sheep" and "blowing Tiao Shanli sheep". In addition, there is a "Su Wu Chijie". "Shanpo sheep" in Yuanqu had nothing to do with "suwu shepherd". Perhaps it was just because of the nostalgia and lament of many Sanqu writers (especially the Han Qu family) in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, and by borrowing Su Wu's foreign country, Han family, chaste shepherd and suffering loyalty and loyalty in the Han Dynasty, it was renamed "suwu shepherd".

In shanpo sheep of Sanqu, Beiqu belongs to zhonglvgong, with short structure. Because it was created by literati and spread by text, it maintained a relatively stable structure and syntax. The basic word case of "Zhonglv shanpo sheep" in Beiqu is nine sentences and forty-three words, and each sentence rhymes, the length of syntax is scattered, and the rhyme is scattered. The style of Beiqu "Zhonglv shanpo sheep" is broad, bold, simple and sincere, and most of them express the true feelings of the world with realistic brushwork.

"Shanpo sheep" in Nanqu belongs to ShangDiao, which should be the result of further enrichment of Beiqu after it was spread to the south. In Yuan Dynasty, there was no ShangDiao shanpo sheep in Sanqu, but in Nanqu, there was ShangDiao shanpo sheep in Ming Dynasty. The structure of "ShangDiao shanpo sheep" in Nanqu is not as stable as that of "Zhonglv shanpo sheep" in Beiqu. "ShangDiao shanpo sheep" ranges from nine to twelve sentences, which seems to be expanded in each sentence of Beiqu.

There are few works of shanpo sheep in the Qing Dynasty. This is not to say that the composers of the Qing Dynasty paid little attention to the creation of the Qupai, but the creation of Sanqu in the Qing Dynasty was declining, which was less prosperous than that in the yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Metrical description

Beiqu [Zhonglv]

In this paper, we discuss the rhyme of the sentence. Represented by Zhang Kejiu's "hillside sheep · wine friends". Before using four tones rhyme, must go. The seventh sentence can be flat or tonal. If it is tonal, it must be phonological. In the ninth sentence, the flat voice can also be used as the upper voice. The last four sentences can also be written into two four character sentences, without adding humor.

Nanqu [ShangDiao]

It's the right style, eleven sentences and eleven rhymes. Represented by Shen Jing's hillside sheep: learning to take Liu Ling Bujie. The characters "Xue", "Zhuan", "Gu" and "Mei" can be used in tone, while the characters "Gu" and "Fu" can be used in flat tone. The original tune of shanpo sheep is the most recent in ancient times, and words and sentences have been added to Pipa and Baiyue.

Variant, twelve sentences, ten rhymes. Represented by the story of pipa, shanpo sheep, the years of chaos and barrenness. The word "Qin" has no rhyme, which is very wonderful. The rhyme of "dian" can also be used. The characters "dian" and "Ji" can be used in Ping Sheng. The word "Ti" and "zhe" can be rhymed with flat rhyme. The word "take" and "endure" lose their rhyme. The word "Fei" doubted the mistake of "Tui". According to this song, "there is no master and mother-in-law" is only seven words, people do not know the word "teach" is the lining, so more for eight character sentence, such as "pile pile melancholy" and so on. The word "melancholy" is used in Ping Sheng again, which is wrong and wrong. Apart from these two songs, the words "Zai" in "an Zai", "Guan" in "who controls" and "man" in "Bai Yue Ting" all use Qu Sheng and Shang Sheng? It is also known as "hillside sheep" from four sentences and "hillside sheep" from three sentences.

Metrical contrast

Beiqu [Zhonglv]:

Orthodox

Example words of metrical contrast: "hillside sheep · drinker"

Flat top

go

, average

go

Flat on flat

go

.

Liu Ling no

Caution

All of them are dead

blame

It is common to sell wine along the village

debt

.

De leveling

flat

, go flat

flat

Pingping go to Pingping

go

Go, go, go, go, go, go

flat

！

Look at Mei

open

, across the bridge

come

The green flag is thinning the fence

Outside

Drunk with the ancients

Ah

！

Up, up

flat

.

Narrow, no hook

sieve

.

Ping, go up

upper

.

Well, I'll try again

buy

.

Nanqu [ShangDiao]:

Orthodox

Example words of metrical contrast: "hillside sheep · learning from Liu Ling Bujie"

Flat on flat

go

, flat to flat

go

Flat on flat

go

.

Do you want to learn from Liu Ling

Caution

It is said that Sanlu is dead

blame

It is common to sell wine along the village

debt

.

Pingqu

flat

, no flat go

flat

. Top flat top flat

go

, Pingqu Pingqu

flat

.

Mei Zheng

open

Outside the green flag fence

come

. In ancient times, people who drink are still famous

stay

There are only a few sages

Ah

.

flat

flat

, flat into the top

flat

.

shape

Skeletons

, take it with you

bury

.

flat

flat

Go to Pingping

flat

.

Crazy

Good

Huaisha Fu Ke

Mourning

.

variant

Example words of metrical contrast: "hillside sheep: years of chaos and barrenness

Go flat and go up flat

go

, upper flat, upper flat, upper flat

go

.

Years without fertility

year

The husband who never came back

Son in law

.

Go flat, go flat, go up flat, go up flat, go up flat

upper

.

Impatient two parents, soft timid helpless alone

Oneself

.

Go flat, go flat, go flat

upper

. On the flat no go on the flat

upper

No flat top no flat top

upper

？

I'm not wearing anything

body

. I want to sell my body several times

already

Who is in charge of ZHengNai

take

？

flat

flat

Go to the top

flat

？

thinking

of

What's your life like

stage

？

flat

flat

Go flat

flat

.

hard

delay

In fact, there were many disasters

dangerous

.

(Note: the rhyme of Qupai is staggered with the words in the control. The rhyme is printed in Song typeface, and the example words are printed in italics. The meanings of Qupai symbols are as follows: Ping, which means to fill in the phonetic characters; Shang, which means to fill in the phonetic characters; Qu, which means to fill in the phonetic characters; Ru, which means to fill in the phonetic characters; Ping, Shang, Qu, Ru, which means to make Ping, Zuo Shang, Zuo Qu, Zuo Ru; Wu, which means that there is no corresponding tone, only for format alignment. Bold at the end of the sentence is a rhyme.)

Model music

Influence of Qupai

"Hillside sheep" is one of the most widely spread tunes in ancient Chinese opera, which has been popular in many local operas since Ming and Qing Dynasties. The folk folk song "hillside sheep" is not from the vulgarization of Sanqu, but the oral tune spread in the lower class. Its form is more free, and its content is mostly to show the private feelings of men and women, and some people even regarded it as obscene and vulgar. The folk song "hillside sheep" includes six double tunes in the 24th chapter of Liaozhai folk song "Ta Chu". Compared with Sanqu, its structure and style are quite different. The colloquial color of folk songs is rich, and there are many lines of sentences, which are almost oily, sometimes as long as dozens or hundreds of sentences. In folk songs, the last sentence is the same as that of Beiqu, but it is followed by long sentences. In folk songs, "hillside sheep" can be sung as a song, and is often combined in the repertoire of traditional opera and quyi music. In addition to Liaozhai liqu, there are only three lines of "hillside sheep" in the divertimento "call servant girl" on page 15 of Volume 5 of nishang Xupu: "girl annoyed, scold servant girl, little slut, don't talk nonsense, you should never despise me." The suite is also included in the volume of "snow left sound" on page 16, which is called "wandering in the garden".

Many literary works also use "hillside sheep" song. In Jin Ping Mei CI Hua, if the different forms of folk ditty and Northern and Southern Song, including "crying hillside sheep", "Jiming hillside sheep", "slow hillside sheep", "Sibu hillside sheep" and other named "hillside sheep" are counted together, the recorded "hillside sheep" should be 21. There is also a "hillside sheep" in the Peony Pavilion: it is hard to send the spring feeling without chaos, but it is full of bitterness. As a fair lady, I am told to choose a husband of equal rank if a happy marriage is what I crave for. Where could I find a happy marriage? My youth is slidding away! Who can see my sleep? Then ask to follow shyness to dream who side and spring undercurrent turn. What's the point of delay? I'll fry it in the water, and I'll ask the sky. " It will show Du Liniang's repressed youth and helpless spring feelings. Jin Yong, a contemporary writer, wrote "the story of relying on heaven to kill the dragon"