Yangko (Haiyang Yangko)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Yangko (Haiyang Yangko)

Applicant: Haiyang City, Shandong Province

Project No.: 105

Project No.: Ⅲ - 2

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: traditional dance

Region: Shandong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Haiyang City, Shandong Province

Protection unit: Haiyang Cultural Center

Yangko (Haiyang Yangko)

Applicant: Haiyang City, Shandong Province

Yangko is a kind of popular and representative folk dance in China (mainly in the North). There are different appellations and styles in different regions. In the folk, the appellation of Yangko can be divided into two kinds: those who walk on stilts are called "stilt Yangko", while those who don't walk on stilts are called "ground Yangko". In modern times, "Yangko" mostly refers to "diyangko". Yangko has a long history. Among the folk dance teams introduced by Zhou Mi in old stories of Wulin in the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a record of "cuntian music". In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Xilin's new year's miscellaneous chants, there is a clear record of the relationship between the existing Yangko and "cuntian music" in the Song Dynasty. At present, yangko dance teams are the main form of yangko dance in various places. The number of dance teams is less than ten, and more than 100. There are not only group dance, but also duet dance, three person dance and other forms of performance. According to the needs of the characters, they hold the corresponding handkerchief, umbrella, stick, drum, money whip and other props, and dance heartily with the accompaniment of percussion instruments such as gongs and drums, suona and so on. The dance methods, movements and styles of Yangko vary from place to place. Some of them are powerful and powerful, while others are soft and beautiful.

Yangko is one of the most representative folk dances in northern China. It is not only performing, but also entertaining. It is deeply loved by the common people. There have been some representative folk Yangko artists all over the country, and many folk artists have played an important role in the construction of new China's dance industry. With the rapid development of rural economy and the change of cultural environment, there are few folk artists who can master the traditional Yangko skills and pure dance style, so the protection and inheritance work needs to be carried out urgently.

Haiyang Yangko is one of the three major Yangko in Shandong Province. It is a part of folk dance. It is popular in Haiyang City on the south side of Shandong Peninsula and the coast of the Yellow Sea.

Haiyang Yangko is a folk art form that integrates song, dance and drama. It spreads over more than ten towns in Haiyang and radiates to the surrounding areas. According to the book of Zhao's genealogy written by Zhao Jiazhuang in Haiyang, "the second generation ancestor (Zhao) Tong, the hereditary (DA Song Wei) commander, Zhenfu, Gaofeng General of Wu Lue. In the first year of Hongxi's reign, I was glad to meet five generations in the same hall. I was given the sum of money of "seven leaf Yanxiang" and a plaque of "Gu Dan" on it. Your commanders and gentry came to celebrate. The music and dance students heard Shao and led the Yangko, which was created and practiced by Shao. They danced and sang in the court and enjoyed themselves Therefore, Haiyang Yangko was created in Ming Dynasty.

Haiyang Yangko performance is rich in content, rigorous team structure, mainly composed of three parts. At the top of the list is the Deacon section, followed by the band, followed by the dance team. There are dozens of different roles in the dance team, including the conductor - doctor Yao, group performers - Huagu, Xiao, Bawangbian, double performers - peddler and Cuihua, hoop leakage and Aunt Wang, ugly woman and silly boy, old man and wife, Xianggong and daughter-in-law, etc. the last one is the actor of yangopera. Yangko team commonly used formation are "two dragons spit beard", "eight trigrams fight", "dragon swing tail", "dragon pan tail", "two dragons twist column", "three fish fight for the head", "stars win the moon" and so on. The outstanding feature of Haiyang yangko dance is the combination of running and twisting. The dancers twist in the running. The women twist their waist and pull the fan, shake their shoulders, and are lively and generous; the men shake their heads and arms, and change their shoulders, which is bright and funny.

Haiyang Yangko is the embodiment of Haiyang people's collective wisdom and creative spirit. In reality, Haiyang Yangko clearly shows the spiritual outlook and personality characteristics of Haiyang rural people. It is an important part of regional culture, with aesthetic value and historical value, and plays an important role in enriching the cultural life of the masses and building a harmonious society. Haiyang Yangko has been listed as one of the teaching materials of Han nationality dance. In 1996, Haiyang City was named "the hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of culture.