Manhandiao

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: manhandiao

Applicant: Jungar banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Item No.: 591

Project No.: Ⅱ - 92

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Jungar banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Protected by: manhandiao Art Research Institute of Zhungeer banner

Introduction to manhandiao

Applicant: Jungar banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Manhan diversion spread in Zhungeer banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which has a history of nearly 100 years. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Han people poured into Zhungeer banner, which soon became a mixed area of Mongolian and Han. In the process of long-term coexistence, Mongolian and Han people have carried out extensive and in-depth exchanges in production, life, culture and art. Manhan tune appears in the exchange of folk music. It takes Mongolian short tune folk songs as the matrix, integrates Han folk songs into it, and finally forms a unique music form.

Manhandiao has a wide range of repertoire, and 90 pieces have been collected and sorted out. According to the meaning of the original tune, it can be roughly divided into seven types: yearning for bitterness, eulogizing, love, yearning, sorrow, parting and new voice. Manhan tune belongs to folk minor, mostly sung indoors, accompanied by a band composed of dizi, Sihu, Yangqin and other musical instruments, in addition to Bangzi, sikuawa and other percussion instruments. Compared with folk songs of folk song genre, manhandiao has more artistic processing elements, smooth melody and strong expressive force.

Manhan tune is composed of two or four sentences, which belongs to a simple structure with the characteristics of integrity and periodicity. There are four modes: Yu, Gong, Zheng and Shang, and most of them are Yu, accounting for about one third. Manhan tune has a large scale jump, especially the big jumps of six degrees, seven degrees and eight degrees. Nine degrees, ten degrees, ten degrees and sometimes twelve degrees are used most frequently. Manhan tune has a wide range of sound, which can not only express the passionate emotion, but also create a relaxed, deep and euphemistic music image. Representative works include "planting willows on the Bank of the great river", "ninety nine channels of the Yellow River under the heaven" and so on.

Since its birth, manhandiao has been playing an important role in the political, economic and cultural life of Zhungeer banner in various periods. To study the history of Zhungeer, we can take manhandiao as an important object of observation. With the development of society, the ecological environment of manhandiao has been destroyed, which has caused serious faults in its inheritance. At present, the understanding of manhandiao is still at a low level, and it needs to further strengthen the collation, research and protection.