Chuanjiang Haozi

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Chuanjiang Haozi

Applicant: Chongqing

Item No.: 55

Project No.: Ⅱ - 24

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Music

Region: Chongqing

Type: new item

Applicant: Chongqing

Protection unit: Chongqing Institute of culture (Chongqing intangible cultural heritage protection center, Chongqing cultural industry special type of work professional skill appraisal station)

Brief introduction to Kawabata kouzumi

Applicant: Chongqing

The song of Chuanjiang River is a kind of folk singing form that the boatmen of Chuanjiang River lead the singing, and the boatmen help the singing and chorus in order to unify the movement and rhythm. Chongqing and the east of Sichuan are the main birthplaces and inheriting places of Chuanjiang Haozi.

The songs of Chuanjiang River mainly spread in Jinsha River, Yangtze River and its tributaries such as Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Jialing River, Wujiang River and Daning River. In this area, the waterway is tortuous, the mountains are steep, there are many rapids and beaches, and there is a large drop of water level in the whole process. Especially when the ship passes through the dangerous Three Gorges, it is difficult for the boatmen to walk. It is in this special geographical environment that Chuanjiang Haozi came into being. Chuanjiang chant includes Shangshui chant and Xiashui chant. Shangshui songs include pole supporting songs, radius pulling songs, mast erecting songs, sailing songs, fiber pulling songs, etc., while launching songs include towing songs, sailing songs, Pingshui songs, second rate oar songs, fast second rate oar songs, yaoersan handover songs, Jiantan songs, chuantan songs, xiatan songs, etc It's not easy. The representative repertoire includes "Shibata", "balang Huiying", "Guijie Xiushu", "Kuixing building" and so on. It includes the songs of pulling fiber, catching cable, rowing, parrying, big turtledove, little turtledove, etc.

Chuanjiang Haozi has a long history, and it is the most characteristic of Sichuan labor Haozi. Since ancient times, Chongqing and Sichuan have the advantage of boat transportation, which has been recorded in historical records. In recent years, "stone anchors" of the Neolithic period and "fiber pulling figurines" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which have been excavated on both sides of the river, have confirmed the long history of the river water transportation industry. On the other hand, the cultural geography, local customs, natural scenery and the custom of using songs to assist work in shipping on both sides of the Sichuan river have been used for a long time in folk ballads and poems by scholars such as Du Fu and Li Bai. The academic circles generally believe that the song of songs in Chuanjiang River is a cultural treasure in the history of waterway transportation of the Yangtze River. It is a song of life molded by boatman's blood and sweat when they fight against the dangerous shoals. It has a long history of inheritance, rich repertoire, high pitched and exciting melody, leading the crowd and recital. Its existence essentially reflects the indomitable fighting spirit of the working people in the Sichuan river basin in the face of the dangerous natural environment since ancient times, as well as the humorous character of the rough and heroic people. At the same time, in the form and content of music, its development is relatively perfect, with high cultural and historical value.

With the popularity of motorized iron ships, artificial powered ships are running in some mainstream rivers and tributaries. The foundation for the survival and development of Chuanjiang Haozi has begun to shake. In addition to the factors such as the rupture of inheritance, Chuanjiang Haozi is facing an endangered predicament. Rescuing and protecting the song of Chuanjiang River and letting it pass down from generation to generation will play a positive role in enriching and developing Chinese water music culture and even the world water music culture.