Carpet weaving skills (Uygur carpet weaving skills)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: carpet weaving skills (Uygur carpet weaving skills)

Applicant: Luopu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Project No.: 893

Project No.: VIII - 110

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Type: new item

Applicant: Luopu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Protection unit: Luopu times carpet factory

Brief introduction of carpet weaving technology (Uygur carpet weaving technology)

Applicant: Luopu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

The weaving technique of hand-made wool tufted carpet is a handicraft technique rich in national characteristics in China. It coils the wool thread into a knot and plants it on the carpet base interwoven with warp and weft cotton threads to form a higher pile surface. The weaving of carpets with wool thread began in the Neolithic Age in China. Judging from the double stranded wool thread tufted carpets unearthed from the Han Tombs in Lop Nor and Minfeng County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the weaving of carpets in the Eastern Han Dynasty has reached a very high level. Carpets were laid in the court and the houses of the rich in the Tang Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, influenced by the Mongolian lifestyle, the court set up a workshop for wool cutting and tapestry. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, carpet weaving developed rapidly in Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Beijing.

The weaving skills of carpet include design, weaving, flattening, slicing (using scissors to cut the plane pattern into body shape), washing and finishing. Some of the wool threads for weaving blankets are still dyed with ancient plant dyes. Carpets in China are not only necessities for ethnic minorities, but also exported to overseas. The patterns of carpets absorb the characteristics of ancient bronze, embroidery, brocade, porcelain and other patterns. The carpets of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet and other places present their own artistic characteristics.

Luopu County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in the alluvial plain of Yulongkashi River Basin, extending northward into the Taklimakan Desert. The climate here is dry, belonging to a typical continental arid desert climate. Animal husbandry and sericulture are relatively developed. Handmade carpet is a famous local handicraft.

Uygur carpet weaving technology has a history of 2000 years in Hotan area of Xinjiang. In 1959, Chinese archaeologists found a piece of wool fabric from the Eastern Han Dynasty in Minfeng tomb. In 1983, a saddle carpet with tree pattern of Han Dynasty was unearthed from the ancient tomb of Pulu in Luopu mountain, and a remnant carpet with animal pattern of Han Dynasty was unearthed from Yuli County. These archaeological discoveries provide vivid materials for the development history and early status of carpet weaving techniques in Hotan. At present, there are 16 traditional styles of carpets in Hotan area, among which Iranian Nuska is from Iran, alabaninuska (also known as "tray pattern") is from Azerbaijan, zainamaznuska is a prayer carpet introduced with Islam, anargulinuska is a pomegranate pattern carpet, qiqiamannuska is a scattered pattern carpet, and occasionally gulinuska is The moon carpet. In addition, there are many types of carpets, such as Tuan Hua, octagonal San Hua, zhuokenuska and peony style.

Hetian Uyghur carpet weaving technology has a long history, and has absorbed the advantages of Iran and the mainland carpet weaving technology in more than 2000 years of development. It has high historical and cultural research value, and should be actively protected and inherited.