Jiangxi opera

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Gan Opera

Applicant: Jiangxi Theatre

Project No.: 1106

Project No.: Ⅳ - 144

Time of publication: 2011 (the third batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Jiangxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Jiangxi Theatre

Protection unit: Jiangxi Gan theater (Jiangxi Gan opera and Yiyang opera protection and transmission center)

Introduction to Gan Opera:

Applicant: Jiangxi Theatre

Jiangxi opera is a kind of local opera in Jiangxi Province. Originated in Northeast Jiangxi, popular in Jiangxi Province. Yiyang tune, one of the four major tunes in Ming Dynasty, is based on the combination of Kun tune and Luantan tune, which were introduced into Jiangxi Province in the middle of Qing Dynasty. It was named Gan opera in 1951.

Ganju tune is composed of Gaoqiang, xipi, Erhuang, Qinqiang, Pizi, Zhejiao, Pujiang tune and Wennan CI. Ganju Gaoqiang, the Yiyang tune of the Ming Dynasty, was accompanied by gongs and drums, and then by Qin, flute, Zheng, PA and other musical instruments. Yiyang tune retained in Gan opera includes Tuge, bangqiang, gundiao and other singing forms. At first, its singing structure was composed of Qupai couplet, supplemented by gongs and drums instead of orchestral accompaniment. One actor sang and several others received the tune, forming a very characteristic singing mode of "Tuge and bangqiang". With gongs and drums, the atmosphere was warm, forming a rough, bold, exciting and bright feature. The performance style of Gan opera is simple and honest, cordial and lifelike. The spoken language is based on Zhongzhou rhyme. The trades are divided into Laosheng, Zhengsheng, Xiaosheng, laodan, Zhengdan, Xiaodan, Dahua, Erhua and Sanhua, which are called jiujiaotou.

There are three types of Jiangxi Opera repertoire: Yiyang, Qingyang and Luantan. Yiyang opera has the so-called "Eighteen versions of the river and lake", but there are only a few main operas and some single copies. Most of the dramas of Qingyang tune are from the legends of Ming Dynasty. There are more than 80 well preserved dramas. Luantan plays are called "old road plays", including "sacrifice to the wind", "huatiancuo", "luhuahe" and so on. Some operas are transplanted from other operas such as Hui opera and Wu Opera. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the newly edited modern dramas of Gan opera include a group of Mu Guiying, red propagandist, surprise attack on Bian Ping, stealing seeds, iron shoulder and red heart, and memorial tablet expedition.

At present, there are many difficulties in Gan opera, such as aging staff, lack of successors, traditional repertoire and performing arts can not be inherited, so it is in urgent need of protection, inheritance and development.