White character drama

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Baizi Opera

Applicant: Haifeng County, Guangdong Province

Item No.: 218

Project No.: Ⅳ - 74

Time of publication: 2006 (the first batch)

Category: Traditional Drama

Region: Guangdong Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Haifeng County, Guangdong Province

Protection unit: Haifeng Baizi opera art inheritance Center

A brief introduction to Baizi Opera

Applicant: Haifeng County, Guangdong Province

Baizi opera is a kind of local opera sung in Haifeng and Lufeng dialects of Guangdong Province. It flowed from southern Fujian to eastern Guangdong in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Later, it absorbed folk arts such as Zhuma, qiangu, Yuge and Chaozhou Opera music, and sang in local dialects, gradually forming its own style and characteristics. At first, both Baizi opera and Chaozhou Opera were called Baizi opera, and Baizi opera was called "hailufeng Baizi", also known as "Nanxia Baizi"; Chaozhou Baizi, also known as "dingtou Baizi", was later used to refer to hailufeng Baizi.

The singing structure of Baizi opera is mainly composed of Qupai liantao style, and some of them are plate style. Its music is beautiful, with the forms and characteristics of couplet, roll singing, one singing and many others.

There are seven traditional bands, commonly known as "seven jiao chairs". Their musical instruments include a pair of drums (big drum and drum head), a pair of blows (head blow and two blows), a pair of gongs (head Gong and two gongs), and a pair of big cymbals. After that, the number of musical instruments in the civil and military field increased. Bai opera adopts hailufeng dialect, which is divided into seven roles: Sheng, Dan, Chou, Jing, Gong, Po and tie. The performance is strict but not rigid, singing and dancing, full of life flavor. The martial arts of the southern school are used in short combat. The stage art is simple and easy to flow. Bai Zi opera is good at performing literary drama. It also absorbs part of the outline martial arts drama from Zhengzi opera, and is good at performing children's love affairs. The whole opera is more than Zhezi opera. Its repertoire is divided into two categories: Xiaoluo opera and Daluo opera. Xiaoluo opera is divided into three categories: Zhengban Xiaoluo opera, anti line opera and folk song minor opera. The singing of Xiaoluo opera is lively and lively, full of life atmosphere and local color; the music of Daluo opera is solemn and elegant, with the characteristics of high tune music. The main repertoire of Baizi opera is called "badalian", which includes Yingtai company (classmate), Chen Sanlian (Lijing company), gaowenju company (pearl company), Qin Xuemei company (Sanyuan company), Jiang Xingge company (Pearl shirt), Wang Shuangfu company (Linjiang tower), Yuan Wenzheng company (resurrection), Cui Mingfeng company, etc., as well as Baihe temple and white snake Excellent traditional plays such as biography, friends visiting, shuqinyuan, tianmenzhen and bailuoyi, and modern plays such as golden chrysanthemum and red coral. Baizi opera is closely related to Zhengzi opera, which is also popular in Haifeng and Lufeng. Therefore, it forms the performing custom of "midnight rebellion". In the first half of the night, it speaks Mandarin, performs Kebai (outline) martial opera from Zhengzi opera, and in the second half of the night, it speaks dialect and turns to Wenxi of Baizi opera.

From the founding of new China to the early stage of reform and opening up, Baizi opera once gained development and prosperity. Later, with the development of entertainment industry and the diversification of aesthetic appreciation, its performance market gradually shrank, and the traditional repertoire, characteristic business art and other stage art are on the verge of extinction.