Old town of Chengmai County, Hainan Province

Old town

The old town, belonging to Chengmai County, Hainan Province, is located in the north of Chengmai County, connecting Haikou City in the East, Dafeng Town in the west, Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Jinjiang town and Shuifa town in the South; its geographical coordinates are between 110 ° 7 "E and 19 ° 58 'n.

Historical evolution

In the third year of Daye in the Sui Dynasty (607), Chengmai County was set up and subordinate to zhuya county. The county government moved from Shedu (now Meiting township) to Chengmai Village (now Laocheng Village). Yongtai Township and gongshun Township in Chengmai County are part of the old city.

In 622, Chengmai County was subordinate to Yazhou. Now the old city is a part of gongshun Township and Guiping township. In the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), the old city was part of the territory of Yongtai Township, gongshun Township and Guiping Township in zengkou county.

In the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, in 957, zengkou and Yanluo counties of Qiongzhou entered Chengmai. It is located in Chengjiang slope, which is now the old town village.

In 972, Chengmai County set up 14 capitals of gongshun Township and 27 capitals of Yongtai township. Most of the villages in the old city belonged to gongshun township or Guiping township.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the 15th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287), Chengmai County was subordinate to the pacification Department of Qiongzhou Road, and the old city area was the same as before.

In the Ming Dynasty, the capital maps of the old city were all part of Guiping Township, gongshun Township and Yongtai township.

In the Qing Dynasty, the old city was subordinate to Gonggui Township, Chengmai County. It was the capital of Fangguo, antiaofeng and Dongshui.

In 1913, it belonged to the Ninth District of Chengmai County; in 1929, it belonged to the board of directors of the old city league; in 1931, it belonged to the Fourth District of Chengmai County; in 1946, it still belonged to the old city.

In 1951, Chengmai County was established as the fourth urban-rural district.

In July 1955, it was under the jurisdiction of Bailian district.

In December 1956, the four townships of Laocheng, Fengying, Dongshui and Yutang were merged to form Laocheng town (Zhongxiang), which is under the jurisdiction of Bailian district.

In October 1958, it was under the jurisdiction of Bailian commune.

In May 1961, Laocheng commune was established from Bailian commune. It has 20 production teams, 138 production teams and 44 natural villages, including Banan, Wenwen, Ruzong, Meiru, Longji, Longfeng, Laocheng, Shangbin, Dachang, Daofu, Caiji, Yutang, Dongshui, dating, Wenji, Wenda, Shanglian, Shibei, Jinma and Dongshui.

In March 1968, the Revolutionary Committee of Laocheng commune was established.

In December 1972, seven brigades were set up, including three brigades, namely, Macun, Wenda and Dongshui, and two brigades, namely, Bailian and Qiaotou communes.

In December 1976, dating and Shilian of Dafeng commune were assigned to Laocheng commune.

In October 1983, it was renamed Laocheng District Office, which was merged from 14 brigades (stations) into 9 townships. There are 36 village committees in 9 townships, namely Ba Nan, Feng Ying, Mei Ru, Da Dao, Lao Cheng, Cai Ji, Yu Tang, Da ting and Shi Lian.

In May 1987, the old city office was changed into an old town, and the township was changed into a village committee.

In 1988, after the State Council approved the establishment of the Old City Industrial Development Zone, more than 10000 mu of land was expropriated in the old city, and the Management Committee of the Old City Industrial Development Zone was established.

In December 1989, the village committee changed its name to management area.

In January 1995, Banan and Fengying administrative districts were assigned to Haikou City.

In November 1995, the management area was renamed village committee.

administrative division

As of June 2020, the old town has 3 communities and 15 administrative villages. The town people's government is located at 70 Nanhai Avenue, an old town.

geographical environment

Location context

The old town is located in the north of Chengmai County, connecting Haikou City in the East, Dafeng Town in the west, Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Jinjiang town and Shuifa town in the South; its geographical coordinates are between 110 ° 7 "E and 19 ° 58 'n.

geology

The geological history of the old town has gone through early Paleozoic strata, Mesozoic strata and Cenozoic strata. In Cenozoic, Laocheng was a part of Leiqiong Cenozoic rift basin to the north of wangwuzhi Wenjiao fault. In the early Cenozoic of the lower Tertiary, the basin collapsed along the East-West faults in a step like manner, forming a fault depression, depositing a layer of variegated clastic accumulation of continental facies (alluvial and pluvial facies and lacustrine facies), with a maximum thickness of more than 2000 meters.

During the Pliocene, the South China Sea basin expanded and the sea water soaked people, accumulating a 1000 meter thick coastal shallow sea sedimentary belt. During the Pliocene, the cone of Qiongzhou Strait was formed 12 to 25 million years ago, making Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula face each other across the sea. The Quaternary is dominated by fluvial facies. The characteristics and changes of sedimentary facies reflect that the crust was partly faulted during Cenozoic. The subsidence (Early Tertiary) developed into a large area of fault depression (late Tertiary), and then transformed into uplift (Late Quaternary). At this time, each stage of geological development was accompanied by multiple volcanic activities, forming a large area of rock quilt and numerous volcanic piles, accumulating more than 100 meters thick lava and pyroclastic rocks.

topographic features

In the old town, there are six mountains with an elevation of more than 50 meters, including mailing. The topographic map looks like a T-shaped shape. The longest line from Yingbin Peninsula to Wenyu village is about 20 km from north to south, and the longest line from Longji village to madaobo rift is about 17 km from east to west. The geomorphic types are mainly divided into mountain, platform, plain terrace, peninsula, island, beach, river and harbor.

climate

The old town has a tropical monsoon climate, which is greatly affected by the monsoon, and the temperature changes little throughout the year. Sufficient light, high temperature and rainy, frequent typhoons, dry and cool in the same season, rainy and hot in the same period, and suitable temperature. The dry and cool season usually occurs from November to next April. The rainy and hot season occurs from May to October. The monthly average temperature of this season is between 24.3 ℃ and 28.5 ℃. There have been typhoons since August, with frequent rainstorms and a slight drop in temperature. Before and after the "cold dew" solar term in October, the weather gets cooler. The monthly average temperature in autumn is similar to that in spring. The difference is that the high temperature and heavy rain turn to low temperature and less rain in autumn, while the opposite is true in spring. It is hot and rainy all year round, with sufficient light and abundant heat. The distribution of rainfall is uneven and the variation of time and space is large.

The annual average temperature of the old town is 23.7 ℃, and the interannual variation is between 23 ℃ and 24.8 ℃. In 1998, the annual average temperature was 24.5 ℃, and in 1971, the annual average temperature was 23 ℃. The extreme maximum temperature over the years was 41.1 ℃, which occurred on May 3, 1994. The extreme minimum temperature over the years was 1.1 ℃, which appeared on January 17, 1967. In the middle of the year, the high temperature weather mostly occurs from May to July. The annual low temperature is in November. The average daily temperature ranges from 23 ℃ to 15 ℃.

The old town is located in the northern coastal area. The annual rainfall is between 1200 and 1500 mm. The precipitation is obviously different with the landform and sea elevation. The distribution of rainfall in dry rainy season is uneven, and the rainy season is from May to September, with more rainfall. The dry season is from December of the year to march of the next year, with less rainfall.

The maximum annual rainfall was 2344 mm in 1978 and 1139 mm in 1977. The maximum monthly rainfall was 774.8 mm in November 1997, and the minimum monthly rainfall was 0 mm in September 1993. The maximum rainfall on November 1, 1997 was 349.3 mm. The annual average number of rainy days is 162 days, with the maximum of 189 days in 1972 and the minimum of 123 days in 1991.

The average annual relative humidity of old towns is 86%. The largest year was 88% in 1990 and the smallest was 83%. In the middle of the year, the change range was between 83% and 88%. The maximum monthly mean value appeared in September, which was 38%, and the minimum monthly mean value appeared in July, which was 83%. There are dry in winter, wet in spring and autumn, and anti tide phenomenon.

The old town is located in the coastal area with abundant sunshine and abundant heat. The average annual sunshine hours is 1993.8 hours, accounting for 46% of the total sunshine hours. Most of the years were more than 2000 hours, the most occurred in 1965, with 2412.9 hours, and the least occurred in 1997, with 1644.3 hours. In terms of seasonal distribution, the total sunshine hours in rainy season with high temperature and rainy season are 1200.3 hours, accounting for 60% of the annual sunshine hours. In the middle of the year, the maximum time is 234.8 hours in July and the minimum time is 101.4 hours in February. The longest day in summer is 13.17 hours, and the shortest day in winter is 11 hours, with a difference of 2.17 hours.

Affected by monsoon climate, the wind direction of old towns is mainly southerly, southeasterly and westerly in spring and summer. The annual average wind speed in coastal areas is 3-4 M / s, and that in other areas is 2-3 M / s. The wind direction in autumn and winter is mainly east and northeast. The annual average wind speed in coastal areas is 4-5 M / s. The wind speed varies with the monsoon and terrain. The wind speed in autumn is generally greater than that in spring and summer, and that in coastal areas is greater than that in mountainous areas. The number of gale (Grade 8) months in the whole year is small, with an annual average of 6 days, 87% of which occurs from May to October.

hydrology

The old towns include Chengjiang River, Xiaoyang River, Daoxing reservoir, meizao reservoir and many Shantang reservoirs.

According to the drilling data of the hydrological station, there are two to four aquifers in shangxinliu formation of the old town. The lithology of the aquifer is shell gravel, gravel pebble, medium coarse sand, gravelly sandy soil, etc., with a thickness of 25-70m. The water level of Dala borehole is 49m deep, and the water level of dongshuigang borehole is 5.73m higher than the ground. The stratum erosion in the old city area is strong. From the former site of Bailian sugar factory to yandinghuachang port in the north of Meiting, the ground elevation is below 60m, and the upper part of shangxinliu is generally developed with thunder head,