Sihai Town, Yanqing District, Beijing Municipality

Sihai town

Sihai town is located 46 kilometers east of Yanqing District in Beijing, north of Beijing central axis, bordering Huairou District in the East and south, Qianjiadian town and Zhenzhuquan Township in the northeast, and liubinbao Township in the northwest.

The total area of the town is 115.7 square kilometers. There are 18 administrative villages and 6 natural villages under the jurisdiction, with a total population of 3530 households and 4802 permanent residents (2017). The area of cultivated land is 14278 mu, and the area of mountain farm is 143000 mu. In May 2020, it will be included in the list of advanced units of compulsory tree planting in the capital.

Origin of village name

According to historical records, in the old days, there was abundant rainfall and many streams. At the north gate of Sihai Town, there are four rivers confluence, so people call it "Sihai".

In the early years, there was a local smelter to cast copper and iron. According to legend, at that time, there were people mining iron ore in Xihongshan and yingmenshan, and lime kilns and smelters were built in Sihai. The mountains here were gentle, the water sources were sufficient, and there were four rivers flowing together. In the early Ming Dynasty, the scale of smelting was expanding and the number of people was increasing. Most of these people moved from abroad, so they were called Sihai smelter.

Historical evolution < br >

Sihai itself is a famous cultural ancient city in history, and traces of ancient culture can be seen everywhere in Sihai area. Most villages in the town area were built in the Ming Dynasty, belonging to Yanqing Prefecture.

"Yanqing county annals" contains: "the four seas smelt the city, the Yuan Dynasty into the thoroughfare, created in tomorrow Shun eight years." The eighth year of Tianshun, 1464 A.D., has a history of more than 500 years. Historical records only record the time of the construction of the four seas city. In fact, the development of the four seas was much earlier. According to textual research, as early as the six or seven thousand year old Neolithic age, there was human reproduction here. In the spring and autumn and Warring States period, it belonged to Yan. In the Han Dynasty, it was relatively prosperous. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were iron making plants and iron manufacturing.

The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty took Sihai as the main channel of Shangdu and Dadu, and there were many merchants and officials coming and going every year, which promoted the development of local economy and culture. But the real large-scale construction and development of Sihai was in the Ming Dynasty. According to relevant historical materials, not only the city of four seas was built in that period and became the political, cultural and military center of the four seas area, but also the countryside was widely developed. Most of the villages in the four seas area were ancient villages in the Ming Dynasty.

The four sea cities of Ming Dynasty are very particular in site selection and construction. Sihai is on the extension of Beijing's central axis. This is definitely not a human coincidence, but the best choice of terrain and geographical location created by ancient militarists and nature.

This is the choice of wisdom, and this choice seems to be a kind of Providence. In order to prevent the Mongols from invading the northern part of the Great Wall, the Ming dynasty built the Badaling Great Wall in the Nanshan of Yanqing. Along the west of the Great Wall, from Chadao yangtoushan to sihaiye enemy tower, the city and the country are connected, and the beacon fire faces each other. The defense of sihaiye is Xuanhua East Road, which is behind the imperial mausoleum and is an important defense area. At that time along the fork road, Liugou, sihaiye are military castles, garrison defense. Tomorrow Shun eight years (1464) to build a castle, named "sihaiye castle.". To Yongle years, Shanxi immigrants moved here, sihaiye castle is a mountainous area of population concentration.

The city of four seas faces north to the south, with its back against Hengling. The left and right mountains spread out like two wings. The city of four seas blocks the fortress between the two wings, blocking the main road, and is in a very favorable situation in strategic defense. The east wall is built on the mountain, on which there are three enemy towers, which can be used as lookouts, to grasp the enemy's movements, and to shoot artillery, bows and arrows, as well as rolling stones and other weapons. Four seas city "three Zhang eight feet high, surrounded by two miles 215 steps, two doors." It's built of brick and stone. It's very strong. Taking advantage of the situation, he occupied the fortress and became a military stronghold in the north of Beijing. In Ming Dynasty, great importance was attached to the defense of the four seas, and there were clear regulations on the rank of city guards, the number of horse infantry, and the equipment of grain and equipment.

This is a poem written by the Ming Dynasty poet Jiang Zhenyun when he visited the four seas. These two ancient poems not only describe the magnificent scenery of the four seas, but also tell people that its geographical location is very important.

When you open the rolling mountains like screens and barriers, your eyes suddenly expand and the world suddenly opens up, showing the city of the ancient town all over the world; around you, there are strong walls and enemy towers to protect the sacred capital. The reason why the four seas defend Shenjing is that the four seas are a natural barrier and an important military defense line in the north of Beijing.

The defense of Sihai belongs to Xuanfu East Road. Xuanfu is today's Xuanhua city; Donglu is the east of Xuanhua City, including the eastern suburbs, Huailai, Yanqing, Sihai and other areas of Xuanhua city. Nanshan is the most important defense of the East Road, Nanshan is the most important defense of the four seas, and jiuyanlou Great Wall is the most prominent defense of the four seas. Jiuyanlou Great Wall is not only of great significance in ancient military, but also occupies an important position in ancient Great Wall culture.

In the Qing Dynasty, "sihaiye Castle" became a big castle with concentrated politics and economy,

In 1940, it was assigned to Changyan United county. On October 23, 1946, after the establishment of the jilecha military region of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, according to the needs of the struggle against the enemy at that time and the development of the war situation, it was decided to establish a rear base in the marginal mountainous area at the junction of Yanqing, Huairou, Luanping, Fengning and other counties, and thus Sihai county was established. Huang Daifang (the former) was appointed secretary of the county Party committee and Wang Wei was appointed head of the county.

On January 3, 1947, the county was officially established. The county has a population of about 50000, with six administrative regions. In December 1947, at the end of the Pingbei land conference, it was announced that Sihai county would be abolished and merged with Huairou County. On April 20, 1948, Pingbei administrative office decided to restore the system of Sihai county (later Sihai county) according to the notice of Jicha district administrative inspector office, and set up eight administrative regions. In order to facilitate the leadership, it was specifically determined that the former villages of xizhezi, Badaohe and chounikeng would be left to the leadership of Huairou County.

The changshaoying and Labagoumen areas in Luanping at that time were under the jurisdiction of Sihai county. The Secretary of Sihai county Party committee was Wu Ruiting and Xu Jiakai, and the county magistrate was Luo Lin and Guo Xin. In August 1951, housihai county was abolished and divided into nine districts in Yanqing County. In 1956, the district was withdrawn to build Sihai township. In 1958, Sihai people's commune was established. In 1983, the commune was changed to township. In 1995, the township was changed to town. In 1997, the original heihanling township was merged into Sihai town.

Originally, heihanling township was under the jurisdiction of Yanqing County. Located in the east of the county, 34 kilometers away from the county. In 1948, it belonged to Sihai county. In 1951, it was divided into the Ninth District of Yanqing County. In 1953, it was set up in Nanwan Township and xiahualou township. In 1956, it was merged into Nanwan township. In 1958, it was changed into heihanling brigade of Sihai township. In 1961, it was changed into heihanling commune. In 1983, it was changed into township.

administrative division

Sihai town governs 1 Community (Sihai town community), 18 Village Committees (Xigouli village, xigouwai village, Sihai village, limugou village, caishihe village, haizikou village, chashikou village, yonganbao village, Guojiawan village, Shiyao village, dashengling village, Nanwan village, heihanling village, Dajixiang village, shanghualou village, wangshungou village, Qianshan village, LouLiang Village).

Resources and environment

The altitude of the whole town is 700 meters, the forest coverage rate is 85%, the annual precipitation is 550-600 mm, and the frost free period is about 150 days. It is a temperate continental monsoon climate with fresh air and pleasant climate. It is a summer resort for leisure and tourism.

The temperature difference between day and night is large, the average temperature is 7.4 ℃, the annual precipitation is 550-700mm, the frost free period is about 155 days, the light is sufficient, and the average annual sunshine time is 2826 hours, which belongs to the temperate continental climate.

Mineral resources include molybdenum, copper, iron, sulfur, etc.; water resources are rich, "Longqingxia" mineral water, sihaichai eggs, wild and artificially cultivated edible fungi and other regional specialties, with good quality and reputation.

The forest coverage rate of the four seas has reached more than 90%. The jiuyanlou Great Wall scenic spot we are going to visit has reached 95%. In some places, such as the mountains in Xigouli, even reached 100%. The original secondary forests there, the tall trees blocking the sky, are a spectacle.

tourist resources

overview

Sihai town is rich in tourism resources, with 32 ancient temple sites. There are sihaicheng site built in the eighth year of Tianshun in Ming Dynasty (1464 AD), jiuyanlou Great Wall, Xigouli natural scenic spot and cliff stone carvings of Tianmenguan. Combined with the rich local tourism resources, six folk tourism villages, including Xigouli, Shiyao and dashengling, have been developed, with 45 folk households. In 2008, the total number of tourists reached 85000 The tourism revenue was 3 million yuan. The people of Sihai town are ushering in a better life.

Heituo mountain and fenghuangtuo are also famous hiking sites in the suburbs of Beijing. Sihailiang and dongbeikouguan are famous cycling sites in China. Jiuyanlou is located on the main peak of fenjiegu, 13 Li southeast of Sihai Town, which is known as the first floor of the Great Wall. Other famous scenic spots include Tianmenguan, yingqiliang, chrysanthemum Valley, etc.

The ancients extracted eight of the most representative sceneries of the four seas, called "eight sceneries of the four seas". They are: Hengling Chaojing, Sihe Qingliu, qiaoju Yiyin, Yuge wandiao, Xiuding Yunai, Yanbai Diecui, Longtan yingyu, linniaonong. And those dignitaries, literati, came in droves, leaving a large number of poems singing it.

A sea of flowers in four seasons

"Sijihuahai" Valley integrates the valley resources of Sihai Town, Zhenzhuquan Township and liubinbao Township in the eastern mountainous area of Yanqing. It starts from liubinbao village in liubinbao Township in the west, ends at Nantianmen village in Zhenzhuquan Township in the East, passes through three townships, and finally connects with "Baili landscape painting" in Qianjiadian town in the north