Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Ewenki Autonomous Banner, belonging to Hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the west of Daxinganling and the southeast of Hulunbuir prairie. Except for the north by east area, the climate of the whole banner belongs to the middle temperate continental climate, and the annual average temperature ranges from - 2.4 ℃ to - 2.2 ℃ above zero. The Autonomous Banner, with Ewenki as the main body, is composed of more than 20 nationalities including Mongolia, Han and Daur, with a total land area of 19111 square kilometers. The whole banner governs 4 towns, 1 Township and 5 Sumu, and all the towns in the pastoral area of the banner governs 44 Gacha.

In July 2019, it will be selected as the pilot county (District) of the national intellectual property project.

Historical evolution

"Ewenki" is the name of Ewenki people, which means "people living in the mountains".

In order to establish a solid rule in the vast area north of the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang Province, Huang Taiji launched a war to conquer the Suolun tribe in 1639-1640, and finally unified the Suolun tribes, sent troops to stay in the Suolun village on the North Bank of Heilongjiang Province, organized the Ewenki tribe as a unit, appointed the clan chief as Zhangjing (zuoling), and stipulated the Suolun rule The obligation of the Ministry to pay tribute to Shengjing on time. Every Ewenki male has to pay a mink as a tribute. Through this series of measures, the Qing Dynasty established an effective rule in the vast area of the north of Heilongjiang Province.

During the reign of Shunzhi, the Ewenki moved southward to the Nenjiang River Basin. The Li Fan yuan appointed daruhanbule, Zamusu and other people as the leaders, and granted the seal letter to the vice governor, who directly controlled the affairs of Ewenki and other ethnic groups. In 1732, the Qing government set the flag colors of five Abas (paddocks) of butha (Manchu, meaning Daji) and three Daur, Ewenki and Olunchun strong men of zalan (Manchu, meaning company or team), and formed eight butha banners. In the same year, 3000 soldiers from butha moved to Solon (now known as Ewenki), erut, balhu, Olunchun and dahur (now known as Daur). They were incorporated into eight banners and stationed in Hulunbeier. The city site was set at "Hailaer", named "Hulunbeier city". In 1743 (the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty), the vice capital of Hulunbuir was set as the general manager. The contemporary Ewenki Autonomous Banner area is subordinate to the vice capital of Hulunbeier, the general of Heilongjiang Province. In 1790, duerbertaiji led the erlut tribe of the three Mongols to move to the Xini River Basin, and was also incorporated into the eight banners of solun. In 1928, irut banner was established. From 1917 to 1928, part of the buliyat tribe of the Mongolian nationality in the Soviet Union moved to the Yimin River and the Xini River, and buliyat banner was established in 1921.

After the fall of Northeast China, Manchuria withdrew from Heilongjiang Province. From 1932 to 1933, Solen banner was established by merging Solen Eight Banner, Buryat banner and erlut banner, which belonged to the northern Xing'an province. The scope of solun banner includes the whole territory of contemporary Ewenki Autonomous Banner, contemporary Mianduhe Town, Yakeshi urban area, tnihe Sumu, Hailar District Jianshe street and hake town. In 1945, it was included in Hulunbuir autonomous province, and in 1948, Hulunbuir autonomous province was renamed Hulunbuir League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 1948, the contemporary construction street was designated, in 1949, the contemporary tnihe Sumu was designated, and in 1950, the contemporary hake Town, Yakeshi city and Mianduhe town were designated. On August 1, 1958, it was renamed Ewenki Autonomous Banner. It has jurisdiction over six Sumu (later renamed as people's commune) and a public-private joint venture pasture in Huihui, Yimin, East and west of Xini River, Nantun (now Bayan Tuohai town) and Bayan cuogang.

In 1961, Menggen chulu commune was separated from the East commune of the Sinai River, and Bayantala commune was separated from the Nantun commune.

In February 1968, the Autonomous Banner Revolutionary Committee was established. On August 1, 1969, the Ewenki Autonomous Banner came under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province along with Hulunbeier League.

In 1973, Dayan office was set up in bayancuogang people's commune; in 1975, it was changed into a town, with jurisdiction over one town (Dayan town), eight people's communes (Hui, Yimin, East and west of the Sinai River, menggenchulu, Nantun, Bayantala, bayancuogang) and one public-private joint Ranch.

In 1978, Nantun people's commune was renamed bayantohai people's commune.

On July 1, 1979, Hulunbuir League was re assigned to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In December 1980, the Revolutionary Committee of the banner was abolished and the people's Government of the banner was restored.

In 1980, bayantohai people's commune was abolished and bayantohai town was rebuilt. In December of the same year, the revolutionary committees of the communes were abolished and the management committees of the people's communes were restored. The whole banner governs two towns of bayantohai and Dayan, and seven people's communes of Huihui, Yimin, East and west of the Sinai River, Menggen chulu, Bayantala and bayancuogang.

In 1984, alshannor Sumu was established and a preparatory working group for Sumu was set up.

On October 18, 1984, Bayantala people's commune was abolished and Bayantala Daur nationality township was established; Menggen chulu commune was abolished and Sumu was restored, and East Sumu and Menggen chulu Sumu were established respectively. On October 25 of the same year, the Fifth People's Congress of the banner announced the abolition of the people's commune management committee with the unity of government and society, and the establishment of Township, town and Sumu people's governments.

In February 1985, Honghuaerji town was planned to be built, and Yiminhe office was established in the same year. On December 1, 1986, the people's Government of Honghuaerji town was established. In April 1988, the people's Government of Yiminhe town was established.

On May 27, 1988, the preparatory working group of alsinorsumu was abolished and the people's Government of alsinorsumu was established. In September of the same year, the people's Government of the banner put the three gachas under the jurisdiction of huisumu, namely, wuricheshi, ergedubaolong and ilarata, under the jurisdiction of alshannursumu, and changed the name of alshannursumu to beihuisumu.

In June 1990, Dayan town was changed into Dayan Mining Area. The whole banner governs seven Sumu in one district, three towns and one Township, namely Dayan Mining Area, bayantohai Town, Yiminhe Town, Honghuaerji Town, Bayantala Daur Ethnic Township, yiminsumu, huisumu, beihuisumu, East Sumu of Sini River, West Sumu of Sini River, lusumu of menggenchu and bayancuogang Sumu.

The border with Yakeshi City, Hailaer and chenbalhu banner was determined by several border documents in 1993, 1997 and later. The old northern boundary of 49 ° 15 ′ 37 "in the East was abolished.

In April 2001, North khusum was abolished and its area was merged into khusum; Menggen chulu was abolished and its area was merged into East khusum of the Sinai river.

In October 2001, Hulunbuir League was set up as a city, and the Ewenki Autonomous Banner was under the jurisdiction of Hulunbuir city.

In 2005, the whole banner governs 1 mining area, 3 towns, 1 ethnic township and 5 Sumu, namely Dayan Mining Area, bayantohai Town, Yiminhe Town, Honghuaerji Town, bayantaladaor Ethnic Township, yiminsumu, East Sumu of Xinihe River, West Sumu of Xinihe River, huisumu and bayancuogang Sumu. The people's Government of the banner is located in Bayan Tuohai town.

In 2006, Dayan Mining Area and bayancuogang Sumu were merged into Bayan Town, East Sumu and West Sumu of the Sinai River were merged into Sinai River town, and Honghuaerji town was merged into Yimin Sumu town. The whole banner governs 4 towns, 1 Township and 2 Sumu, namely bayantohai Town, Bayan Town, Yiminhe Town, Xinihe Town, bayantaladaor Ethnic Township, huisumu and yiminsumu.

In 2010, the town of Honghuaerji was separated from yiminsumu.

In May 2011, Bayan town was divided into Dayan town and Bayan cuogang Sumu Town, and Xinihe town was divided into East Sumu town and West Sumu town.

administrative division

Ewenki Autonomous Banner governs 10 township level administrative regions, including 4 towns, 1 ethnic township and 5 Sumu, which are bayantohai Town, Dayan Town, Yiminhe Town, Honghuaerji Town, bayancuogang Sumu, Xini River West Sumu, Xini river east Sumu, bayantaladaor Township, yiminsumu and huisumu.

geographical environment

Location context

Ewenki Autonomous Banner is located in the northeast border of great China, the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the southeast of Hulunbuir prairie. The geographical coordinates are 118 ° 48'02 "e-121 ° 09'25" and 47 ° 32'50 "n-49 ° 17'37". It is 173.25 km wide from east to west and 187.75 km long from north to south. The total area of Ewenki Autonomous Banner is 19111 square kilometers, accounting for 7.39% of the total area of Hulunbuir city.

Geology and geomorphology

Autonomous Banner is located in the northwest slope of Daxing'anling mountains, in the transition section from Daxing'anling mountains to Hulunbeier high plain, belonging to high prototype landform area. The landforms of Zhongshan, low mountains, hills and high plains are naturally integrated, and the terrain gradually inclines from southeast to northwest. The mountains in the southeast belong to the landform of middle mountain and low mountain. The trend of the mountains is mostly northeast, with the highest altitude of 1706.6 meters. The famous Daxinganling Mountains pass through here. The middle part of the mountain is a transition zone from mountain to high plain, with alternate distribution of low mountains and hills. The altitude is 800-1000m. The mountain top and hills are relatively flat, the valley is relatively open, the river network is dense, and the water source is relatively rich. To the west of the low mountains and hills, it is a part of Hulunbeier high plain. The ground is open and flat, with slight undulation. There are few rivers, shallow rivers, wide and shallow river bed, which forms open floodplain and valley depression. The lowest point is located in the North Valley of bayantohai Town, the seat of the banner government, with an altitude of 602 meters.

climate

Ewenki Autonomous Banner is located in the middle and high latitudes, most of the banner belongs to the temperate continental grassland climate, and the north by East region belongs to the temperate monsoon forest grassland climate. Winter is long and cold, dry and windy, with a seasonal average temperature of - 20 ℃; summer is mild and short, with concentrated precipitation, with a seasonal average temperature of 19.7 ℃; spring and autumn are two seasons