Etoke banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Etuoke Banner Etuoke Banner, formerly known as Ordos Right Wing Middle Banner. Located in the west of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it is adjacent to Hangjin Banner in the north, Etuokeqian banner in the south, Wuhai City across gander mountain in the west, Alxa League and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region across the Yellow River, and Wushen Banner in the East. The whole banner is 209 kilometers long from north to South and 188 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 20064 square kilometers. It is known as the "west gate" of Ordos.

In December 2017, he was elected as one of the top 100 industrial counties in China. In November 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 industrial counties (cities) in 2018.

In December 2018, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas identified it as the second batch of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019.

Historical evolution

There were human activities as early as Neolithic Age in Etuoke Banner. Hetao people live and multiply in the area of Etuoke Banner. Neolithic Hetao people sites have been found in the present Arzhai Grottoes (Baiyan Grottoes) and guilestai (cherry mountain). Most of them lived in Xigou and had their own superiorities. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the area of Etuoke Banner was the activity area of nomadic tribes such as Yuyu, which was collectively called Rongdi.

During the spring and Autumn period, quyan and other tribes nomaded in the southwest of Qijing. During the Warring States period, Lin Hu and Lou fan moved here. After a long period of history, most areas of Etuoke Banner became an important activity area of Hun nationality.

In the 30th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (215 BC), it belonged to Beidi county. Han Yuan Shuo two years (127 BC) into Shuofang County, territory is LINRONG, xiudu county.

After the 26th year of Jianwu (A.D. 50) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the southern Huns and other tribes came to live. Etuoke Banner belonged to Shuofang County under the leadership of Youxian king.

During the Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms period, it was the territory of Shuozhou, the territory of Zhao and Qin Dynasties.

In the fourth year of Tianci (407 A.D.) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, heliansheng established Daxia state, and Etuoke Banner was subordinate to xiazhou state. In 427 ad, the Northern Wei Dynasty occupied the whole of Ordos, forming a confrontation between the northern and Southern Dynasties. At this time, Etuoke Banner belonged to Xi'an Prefecture, bogulu town and Woye town.

From the first year to the third year of Daye (605-607 A.D.), the Prefecture was changed into a county. Etuoke County belonged to Lingwu county and Yanchuan County respectively. In the early Tang Dynasty, Lu, Li, she, Sai, Yi and Qi were the places where Turks were settled.

In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738 AD), Yuzhou was set up, and yanen, Guiren and Huaide were set up. In the eighth year of the first year (813 A.D.), Xinyu Prefecture was set up in JINGLUE Army (the old city was located in Baole haoxiao), which governed yan'en and CHANGZE counties.

During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Dangxiang tuobasikongzi was appointed as the governor of Dingnan army. The territory of Etuoke Banner belonged to Dingnan governor and Lingyan governor of central dynasty.

The first year of Baoyuan in Northern Song Dynasty (1038 AD) belongs to Xixia.

In 1226, Genghis Khan went to the Western Xia Dynasty and recuperated his troops and horses in the west of Etuoke Banner. In 1227, the Western Xia Dynasty was destroyed and Etuoke Banner became the territory of the Mongolian Khanate.

In the Yuan Dynasty, except that the western part of Qijing was assigned to Ningxia Fu Road, Gansu Province, the rest was chahannaer Royal fiefdom. In the sixth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1376 AD), Etuoke Banner belonged to Ningxia Wei and Dongsheng Wei respectively, and belonged to Xingdu division of Shaanxi Province.

In 1462, the Mongolian tribes settled in Erdos. In 1500, Batu mengkedayanhan restored the organization of ten thousand households. Etuoke Banner belonged to the territory of ten thousand households in Erdos under the jurisdiction of thirty thousand households on the right wing ji'nong balsborot. Since then, it has always belonged to the territory of basanhur, the grandson of balsborot, and his descendants. In the ninth year of Tiancong reign of Qing Dynasty (1635 A.D.), boerzhijin · enfuchen, a member of wanhu in Ordos, led his troops to return to the Qing Dynasty. Later, the Qing court recorded boerzhijin · enfuchen as the left wing Middle Banner of YIKEZHAO League (the former county king banner, later merged with the front end banner of the right wing of Ordos to become the present Yijinhuoluo banner), zasak, the prince of jinduoluo County, and the leader of YIKEZHAO League. So far, Ordos began to establish the league flag system.

In 1649 ad, ten thousand Mongolian households in Ordos were divided into: Left Wing Middle Banner of Ordos (formerly Junwang banner), left wing front banner of Ordos (now Zhungeer banner), left wing rear banner of Ordos (now Dalate Banner), right wing Middle Banner of Ordos (now etoke banner), right wing Front Banner of Ordos (now Wushen Banner), right wing rear banner of Ordos (now Hangjin Banner); After the establishment of Ordos right-wing Qianwei banner (the original zasak banner, later merged with Junwang banner into today's Yijinhuoluo banner). Six zasak banners were set up in YIKEZHAO League. The original baisanhuernoyan and its descendants, including kequte, xibuqin, Wulat, tanggute, formed the Ordos right-wing Middle Banner, with 15 Hara (Shenling District) and 83 Sumu (zuoling District). During the period of the Republic of China, the league flag system was still implemented, and it was still called Ordos right wing central banner.

In 1930, Wuye county was set up in Qijing, and in 1936, the qiyamen was changed into the Qi government.

In 1941, taolimin office was set up in Qijing. In 1942, Baojia system was implemented in Shenling District, but until the liberation of the whole country, Hara, Sumu and Baojia system coexisted at the same time.

On August 23, 1949, Etuoke Banner was peacefully liberated. On September 7, the provisional autonomous government was established. On February 1950, the people's Government of Etuoke Banner was established.

In 1980, ten people's communes in the South set up Etuokeqian banner.

In 1997, Bayin Taohai Township, Bayin Taohai farm and Bayin, Xindi, Huanghe and Sanba villages in jiancabinet Township were included in Wuhai City.

administrative division

The whole banner governs 2 Sumu and 4 towns: Wulan Town, Qipanjing Town, Mengxi Town, mukainur Town, sumitusumu town and Albas town. The flag government is located in Wulan town.

geographical environment

position

Etuoke Banner is located in the west of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, between 106 ° 41 ′ - 108 ° 54 ′ E and 38 ° 18 ′ - 40 ° 11 ′ n. It is adjacent to Hangjin Banner in the north, Etuokeqian banner in the south, Wuhai City across gander mountain in the west, Alxa League and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region across the Yellow River, and Wushen Banner in the East.

climate

The territory of EQI belongs to the typical temperate continental monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine, four distinct seasons, short frost free period, less precipitation, uneven spatial and temporal distribution and large evaporation. The annual sunshine hours are about 3000 hours, the annual average temperature is about 6.4 ℃, the annual precipitation is about 250 mm, the annual evaporation is about 3000 mm, the precipitation is mainly concentrated in July to September, and the frost free period is about 122 days.

hydrology

The Yellow River flows through the West and northwest margins. There are the Dutu River and the chilaotu river.

natural resources

There are coal, limestone, gypsum, natural alkali, salt, mirabilite, iron ore, quartz sand and so on. There are 48 kinds of mineral resources with mining value, such as natural gas, gypsum, coal, iron ore, silica, etc., of which natural gas reserves are more than 800 billion cubic meters and gypsum reserves are 3.4 billion tons, ranking first in the world; Albas white cashmere is known as "fiber gem" and "soft gold".

Population nationality

Etuoke Banner, with a total population of 160000, is an area inhabited by ethnic minorities with Mongolian nationality as the main body and Han nationality as the majority.

language

mongolian

The official languages of Etuoke Banner are Putonghua, Mongolian and Erdos, which are used in formal occasions.

There are about 15% Mongolian people in Ordos area, most of them will use Mongolian, and the proportion of pastoral areas is large. Ordos Mongolian dialect is the Ordos dialect of Inner Mongolia dialect. Compared with other Mongolian dialects, it is characterized by φ vowels and positive vowels; in phonetics, it is manifested in compound vowels, pre vowels and employment consonants, stress, etc.; in grammar, it is manifested in the category of noun case and some morphological changes of verb; in vocabulary, it is manifested in the composition of dialect words and the changes of some lexical meanings.

chinese

The Han people in Etuoke Banner use Jin language in their daily life, which belongs to Erdos dialect of Jin language.

Ordos Chinese dialect belongs to Jin dialect, which belongs to Inner Mongolia Jin dialect. It has deep origin with Jin dialect in northern Shanxi, Shanxi dialect in Northern Shaanxi and Jin dialect in Western Hebei.

Erdos Chinese dialects can be divided into three parts, which are similar in general. Zhungeer banner, Dalate Banner and Hangjin Banner speak "tantaohua" in the area along the river (the area along the South Bank of jiziguan of the Yellow River); the liangwai area of the above three banners and the northern and Dongsheng area of Etuoke Banner, most of Kangbashi district and most of Yijinhuoluo banner speak "liangwaihua"; the southern part of Etuoke Banner, Etuokeqian banner, Wushen Banner and other neighboring banner areas speak "liangwaihua" District, speaking "Xiqi dialect". Erdos dialect is rich in dynamic auxiliary words, often with the help of "Ge" and "Lan". This not only enables Ordos dialect to accurately express the time period that the speaker refers to, but also makes the daily communication language more lively and friendly, which is reflected by the simple and generous character of the people in Ordos, a region with Mongolian and Han cultures.

traffic

G18 dongcha (Rongwu) Expressway, 109 National Highway, 313 and 216 provincial highway transit, Baotou Lanzhou railway, 110 National Highway and G6 Beijing Tibet Expressway pass through the northwest end of Qijing.

Economics

overview

In 2012, the GDP of Etuoke Banner reached 38.207 billion yuan. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 668 million yuan, an increase of 3.4%, and its contribution rate to the economic growth of Etuoke Banner was 0.9%. The added value of the secondary industry reached 30.298 billion yuan, an increase of 17.6%, and its contribution rate to the economic growth of Etuoke Banner reached 86.2%. Among them, the added value of industry was 27.647 billion yuan, an increase of 18.3%; the added value of construction industry was 2.651 billion yuan, an increase of 10.3%. Added value of tertiary industry