Shawan County, Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Shawan Shawan is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Tacheng Prefecture in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The east gate of Tacheng Prefecture is located in the middle part of the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang and the southern edge of Junggar basin. It is adjacent to Shihezi City in the East, Hejing County in the south, Kuitun City and Dushanzi District in the west, and Karamay City in the north. With a total administrative area of 13100 square kilometers, the city governs 9 towns and 3 townships. In 2018, the permanent resident population is 202400, which is composed of 30 ethnic groups including Han, Kazak, Hui and Uygur.

In the pre Qin period, there were people hunting, gathering and grazing in Shawan. History has confirmed that people here are called Beisai people. In the second year of shenjue, Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty (60 BC), the capital of the western regions was built, and Shawan was officially incorporated into the territory of China. In 1978, Shihezi district was abolished and Shawan District was under the jurisdiction of Tacheng district. Shawan has intercity railway, national defense highway (S101), Northern Xinjiang Railway and 115 provincial highway, Lianhuo highway, Keyu highway, 219, 223, 224 provincial highway and 3 county highway. Shawan has successively won the honorary titles of national model county of national unity and progress, national model county of double support, national advanced county of scientific and technological progress, the first batch of national health promotion counties, excellent Ping'an County of the autonomous region, advanced county of attracting investment of the autonomous region, advanced county of grass-roots organization construction of the autonomous region, etc., and has won the ninth civilized county of the autonomous region. In August 2019, Shawan was selected as a pilot county for the construction of compact County medical community. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county.

In 2018, Shawan completed 13.44 billion yuan of GDP (excluding BINGTUAN data), an increase of 2.2% over the previous year. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18568 yuan, an increase of 4.5%; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 31782 yuan, an increase of 3.24%.

Historical evolution

As early as the pre Qin period, there were people hunting, gathering and grazing in Shawan. History has confirmed that people here are called Beisai people. The earliest written record was in the biography of the western regions of the Han Dynasty. The name Shawan appeared only when the county was built.

In the second year of shenjue, Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty (60 BC), the capital of the western regions was built, and Shawan was officially incorporated into the territory of China.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the western regions fought for a long time. By the time of Emperor Wen of Wei (about 220-226), the power of Wusun was weakened. The eastern boundary only reached Wusu. Shawan belonged to Cheshi, which was under the jurisdiction of Wei.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Rouran nationality annexed many tribes of Gaoche nationality. In the third year of Wei Tianxing (400 years), the leader of the Rouran nationality called himself king and controlled the western regions. Shawan belonged to Rouran.

In the early Sui and Tang Dynasties, Shawan belonged to Hulu, one of the ten tribes of Western Turks.

In the second year of Chang'an (702) of Empress Wu Zetian, beitingduhufu was established, and Shawan was under the jurisdiction of beitingduhufu.

In the Five Dynasties, it belonged to Khotan.

The Northern Song Dynasty belongs to Xizhou Uighur.

In Ming Dynasty, it belonged to chilibali. Later, it belongs to quasi gervairat.

In the early Qing Dynasty, it was a herding land of qurbu hulama. In 1757, the Qing government stationed troops in laoshawan, wulanwusu and AnJiHai. In 1768, the Qing court approved the establishment of the first Prefecture and county system in Xinjiang. Suilai county was established, and Shawan belonged to Suilai.

In 1915, Shawan was set up in Suilai county. The county government was set up in Xiaoguai and subordinate to Dihua road. In 1917, it was changed to Tacheng road. In 1929, Shawan government moved from Xiaoguai to laoshawan, which was subordinate to Tacheng administrative region and Tacheng special region.

In 1956, Shawan County Party committee and people's committee moved from laoshawan to sandaohezi.

In 1976, Shawan County belonged to the newly established Shihezi area.

In 1978, Shihezi area was abolished and Shawan County was in Tacheng area.

In January 2021, with the approval of the State Council and the approval of the Ministry of civil affairs, Shawan County was abolished and Shawan city at county level was established, with the former administrative region of Shawan as the administrative region of Shawan city.

administrative division

As of October 2019, Shawan has 9 towns and 3 townships, including sandaohezi Town, sidaohezi Town, laoshawan Town, wulanwusu Town, AnJiHai Town, Dongwan Town, xigobi Town, liumaowan Town, jingouhe Town, shangandi Township, Daquan Township and bortonggu township. Shawan Municipal People's government is located at No. 29, Shiji Avenue South Road, sandaohezi town.

geographical environment

geographical position

Shawan is located in the northwest of Xinjiang, the southeast of Tacheng region, the southern margin of Junggar basin, and the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain. It is located between 84 ° 57 '～ 86 ° 09' e and 43 ° 29 '～ 45 ° 20' n, 185 km away from Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region, and covers an area of 13100 square kilometers. Shawan is adjacent to Shihezi city and Manas County across the river in the East, to yilianhabirga Mountain Watershed in the South and Hejing County in the south, to bayingou, kaiganqi, xiaoguaiwusu, Karamay and Kuitun in the west, and to Gurbantonggut desert in the north and hebukeser Mongolian Autonomous County in the north.

topographic features

The terrain of Shawan is high in the South and low in the north. The yilianhabirga mountain is the branch of Tianshan Mountain in the south, the piedmont alluvial oasis plain is in the middle, and the Gurbantonggut desert is in the north.

climate

Shawan is a continental arid climate in the middle temperate zone. The average temperature ranges from 6.3 ℃ to 6.9 ℃. The annual sunshine hours range from 2800 hours to 2870 hours, the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ ranges from 3400 ℃ to 3600 ℃, the frost free period ranges from 170 days to 190 days, the annual precipitation ranges from 140 mm to 350 mm, and the annual evaporation ranges from 1500 mm to 2000 mm.

hydrology

There are six rivers in Shawan District, which are bayingou River, Jingou River, Ningjia River, Manas River, Xiaonangou River and Shawan River from west to East. Except Shawan River, which is a spring river formed by the overflow of underground runoff of Jingou River and Ningjia River, the rest originate from the high mountains and middle and low mountain areas of southern Tianshan Mountains, and are formed by the combined supply and confluence of glacier melt water, rain and snow water.

natural resources

water resource

The average annual runoff of Shawan is 2.078 billion cubic meters, and the available water is only 577 million cubic meters, accounting for 27.8% of the total water in the county.

Biological resources

The wild animals in Shawan include snow leopard, North goat, brown bear, red deer and wild boar. Wild plant resources include Picea schrenkiana, Populus alba, Salix davidiana, birch, Fritillaria, liquorice, Codonopsis pilosula, Saussurea involucrata, etc.

land resource

Shawan has 2.43 million mu of cultivated land, 8.83 million mu of grassland and 400000 mu of natural forest land. The forest coverage rate of oasis is 24%, and the forest coverage rate is 12%.

mineral resources

Shawan contains more than 40 kinds of mineral resources such as oil, coal, limestone, natural gas, placer gold, mirabilite, shale and jade, of which the proven coal reserves are 1.7 billion tons and the prospective reserves are 10 billion tons; the proven limestone reserves are 350 million tons and the prospective reserves are 500 million tons; the geological reserves of oil and natural gas are 500 million tons and 200 billion cubic meters respectively.

population

By the end of 2018, the total resident population of Shawan was 202400, which was composed of 30 ethnic groups, including Han, Kazak, Hui and Uygur, including 111200 in urban areas and 91200 in rural areas. The proportion of urban population in the total population (urbanization rate of permanent residents) is 54.9%. The annual birth rate was 10.45 ‰, the death rate was 10.17 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 0.28 ‰.

Economics

overview

In 2018, Shawan completed 13.44 billion yuan of GDP (excluding BINGTUAN data), an increase of 2.2% over the previous year.

In 2018, the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Shawan was 42.3:26:31.7. The contribution rate of the primary industry to economic growth is 102.2%, pulling economic growth by 2.2 percentage points; the contribution rate of the secondary industry to economic growth is - 44.9%, pulling - 1 percentage points; the contribution rate of the tertiary industry to economic growth is 42.7%, pulling 0.9 percentage points.

In 2018, the fixed asset investment of Shawan County decreased by 39%. Among them, the investment in the primary industry increased by 46.8%, the investment in the secondary industry decreased by 14.1%, the investment in the tertiary industry decreased by 59.7%, and the investment in real estate decreased by 62.8%; the proportion of investment in the tertiary industry was adjusted from 8.8:35.5:55.7 in the previous year to 12.5:47:40.5 in 2018.

In 2018, the local fiscal revenue of Shawan was 969 million yuan, a decrease of 7.8% over the previous year, the public fiscal budget revenue was 814 million yuan, a decrease of 16.9%, the local fiscal expenditure was 2.672 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.5%, and the public fiscal budget expenditure was 2.279 billion yuan, a decrease of 13.2%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 18568 yuan, an increase of 4.5%; the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 31782 yuan, an increase of 3.24%.

primary industry

In 2018, the added value of Shawan's primary industry was 5.69 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%; the total output value of agriculture was 8.605 billion yuan, an increase of 5.38% over the same period of last year, of which, the output value of planting industry was 6.303 billion yuan, an increase of 3.36%; the output value of animal husbandry was 1.8 billion yuan, an increase of 12.71%; the output value of forestry was 113 million yuan, an increase of 4.63%; the output value of fishery was 40 million yuan, an increase of 25%; the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service industry was 1.8 billion yuan, an It was worth 349 million yuan, an increase of 5.44%. The replanting area of crops reached 2.3168 million mu, a decrease of 40500 mu or 1.72% over the same period of last year.

In 2018, the area and yield of food crops decreased. The grain planting area was 386200 mu, a decrease of 53800 mu or 122200 Mu over the previous year