Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Hotan County Hotan County (Uyghur: ختەناھىىى, formerly known as "Hotan", renamed "Hotan" in 1959) was once known as Huodan, wuduan and Hutan, which are different translations of the same name. It originated from Khotan, which is the name of ancient Yuchi tribe. It means "Yuyi" in Tibetan. It means "fence", "livestock pen" or "blockhouse" in Hindi. The western regions of the Tang Dynasty is called Qu sadana, which means "Di ru" in Sanskrit. In 1959, Khotan was simplified to Hotan.

Hotan County is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, bordering on Yulongkashi River and Luopu County in the East, karakashi River and Moyu county and Pishan County in the west, Kashmir actual control line in India in the southwest, Tibet Autonomous Region in the southeast, Taklimakan Desert Hinterland in the north and Awati. It is about 500 kilometers long from north to South and 20-150 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 40300 square kilometers.

Hotan County is located in the south of Tarim Basin and is famous for its rich jade. It is located near the snowline of the upper reaches of Hannya yilak River in the south of Heishan County, with an altitude of about 5000 meters. The valley in this area is one of the main areas where jade has been collected for thousands of years. It produces very famous white jade, black jade and white jade.

In 2013, the GDP of Hetian County reached 2209.23 million yuan, an increase of 10.5% over 2012. On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On January 24, 2020, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Hetian county from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

Historical evolution

In the fifth year of the first emperor (242 BC), Khotan was established. In 265 ad, Khotan was under the jurisdiction of the long history of the western regions. in the fourth year of Renshou (604 A.D.), he was under the control of the Sui Dynasty. in the third year of Jingde (1006 AD), it belonged to the karahan Dynasty. Guangxu nine years (AD 1883), home and Tian Zhili state. On January 18, 1913, the establishment of Hetian Zhili Prefecture was abolished, and Hetian Zhili Prefecture was changed into Hetian County, belonging to Kashgar observation office. In 1943, Hetian county was under the jurisdiction of the seventh Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision. In June 1950, the people's Government of Hetian county was established. In October 1955, Hetian County People's government was renamed Hetian County People's Committee. On April 12, 1969, the Hetian County Revolutionary Committee was established. In December 1979, the Hetian County Revolutionary Committee was abolished and renamed the Hetian County People's government. in 2012, Han'ai rike township was abolished and lihan'ai rike town was established (No. 27 of new policy letter); wuzongxiao township was established and the township government was stationed in tashilik Village (No. 82 of new policy letter). After the adjustment, the county has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 10 townships: bagqi Town, han'ai-rik Town, ying'awati Township, ying'ai-rik Township, buzak Township, Laika Township, langru Township, tawakul Township, islamu Awati Township, segezikule Township, kashtashi Township and wuzongxiao township.

administrative division

In 2012, Hotan County has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 10 townships: bagqi Town, hanarik Town, yingawati Township, yingairik Township, buzak Township, Laika Township, langru Township, tawakul Township, yislamuawati Township, segezikule Township, kashtashi Township and wuzongxiao township.

geographical environment

Location context

Hotan County is located in the middle of Hotan area, about 1.2 kilometers away from the center of Hotan city. 78 ° to 80 ° 30 ′ e, 34 ° 22 ′ to 38 ° 27 ′ n. It borders on Cele County, Lop county and Hotan city in the East, Tibet Autonomous Region in the southeast, Kashmir in the actual control area of India in the southwest, Pishan county and Moyu County in the west, and Awati County in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert in the north. It is 21-150 km wide from east to west and 500 km long from north to south. The total area is 40300 square kilometers. topography

The terrain of Hotan County is wide in the South (150 km wide from east to West) and narrow in the North (20 km wide from east to West), and 500 km long from north to south, slightly like a gourd. In the south, there are many mountains and valleys, and in the north, the terrain is low and flat, belonging to Tarim Basin.

climate

Hotan County has a warm temperate arid desert climate. The annual average temperature is 12.2 ℃, the four seasons are distinct, the summer is long and the autumn is short, the spring is windy, the winter is not cold, the precipitation is 33.5 mm / year, the sunshine is 2643 hours, the frost free is 210 days, the climate is adaptive.

hydrology

The runoff of surface water in Hetian county is 1.088 billion cubic meters, and the actual utilization is 610 million cubic meters, accounting for 56.07% of the total resources, mainly concentrated in Yulongkashi River and karakashi river. The storage capacity of groundwater resources is 452 million cubic meters, and the exploitable capacity is 380 million cubic meters. There are four small and medium-sized reservoirs, with an average annual water storage of 43.3 million cubic meters.

natural resources

plant resources

Hetian County plant resources mainly include walnut, grape, fig, fennel, Elaeagnus angustifolia, etc. Wild medicinal plants are licorice, big Yun, wolfberry, Cynomorium songaricum, Codonopsis, Porphyra, rhubarb, Cymbidium, ephedra, etc.

Animal resources

The wild animals in Hotan County include yellow goat, fox, marmot, wild boar, wolf, snow chicken, wild donkey, etc.

mineral resources

The mineral resources of Hotan County include coal, iron, mica, jade, lead, gold, spodumene, zinc, clay, copper, limestone, beach salt, gypsum, beryllium, lithium, tantalum and other rare metals. Underground, there are also oil and natural gas resources, of which the coal reserves reach 93.196 million tons, which can be exploited for 500 years.

Population nationality

population

According to statistics from Hotan County Public Security Bureau, the total registered residence of Hotan County in 2013 was 285 thousand and 800, an increase of 6301 over the end of the first half of 2013, an increase of 2.25% over the same period (146 thousand and 200 men and 139 thousand and 600 women, up 2.22% and 2.28% respectively over the same period). Among them, the agricultural population was 2713000, a year-on-year increase of 2.19%, and the non-agricultural population was 14500, a year-on-year increase of 3.48%.

nation

Hetian county is a multi-ethnic community with 13 nationalities including Uygur, Han, Kazak, Hui and Tibetan.

Economics

overview

In 2013, the GDP of Hetian County reached 2209.23 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 10.5%. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 813.66 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.1%; the added value of the secondary industry was 496.18 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.4%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 899.39 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.4%. The added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 36.8%, 22.5% and 40.7% of GDP respectively. According to the average resident population, the per capita GDP was 7729 yuan, an increase of 13.2% over 2012.

primary industry

In 2013, the total output value of agriculture, forestry and fishery services (comparable price) in Hetian County reached 1814.306 million yuan, with a growth rate of 4.24%. Among them, the total output value of planting industry is 1353.915 million yuan, with a growth rate of 2.47% (including 808.2522 million yuan of forest and fruit industry), the total output value of forestry is 39.1309 million yuan, with a growth rate of 61.04%, the total output value of animal husbandry is 394.1833 million yuan, with a growth rate of 6.96%, and the total output value of fishery is 12.69 million yuan, with a growth rate of 7.63%. The value-added of comparable price reached 78.12669 million yuan, and the development speed of the value-added of comparable price was 4.01%. The total output value of agriculture, forestry and fishery service industry (current price) is 1902.76 million yuan, the total output value of planting industry is 1424.362 million yuan (including 854.7041 million yuan of forest and fruit industry), the total output value of forestry is 42.0193 million yuan, the total output value of animal husbandry is 408.5573 million yuan, and the total output value of fishery is 12.8592 million yuan. The added value of current price is 804.6268 million yuan. Planting grain: in 2013, the sown area of wheat was 209684 mu, an increase of 7.56% over 2012; the yield was 81122.67 tons, an increase of 3.24% over 2012; the yield per unit area was 386.88 kg, a decrease of 16.22 kg, a decrease of 4.02% over 2012. cotton: the sown area of cotton was 40920 mu, 3280 Mu less than that in 2012, 7.42% less than that in 2012. The output is expected to be 5245.9 tons, a decrease of 406.1 tons, a decrease of 7.19% compared with 2012, and the unit yield is 128.2 kg, an increase of 0.33 kg compared with 2012, an increase of 0.26%. economic crops: vegetable area is 23683 mu, vegetable output is 51314 tons; oil area is 8988 mu, oil output is 704 tons; potato area is 4894 mu, potato output is 9740 tons; melon and fruit area is 10230 mu, melon and fruit output is 15601 tons; Fennel area is 9847 mu. animal husbandry in 2013, there were 792200 livestock on hand in Hetian County, 0.21% less than the same period in 2012, 535900 female animals of school age on hand, 0.77% more than the same period in 2012, 542000 breeding and surviving livestock, 4.35% more than the same period in 2012, 564200 livestock (including 446100 commodity on hand) on hand, 3.89% and 2.93% more than the same period in 2012, and 1318600 poultry on hand, Compared with the same period in 2012, it increased by 34.74%. 3.8545 million poultry were sold, and 15 380 tons of meat, 5 852 tons of milk and 3 297 tons of eggs were produced.

the secondary industry

Industry