Gongga County, Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Gongga County Gongga county is a county under the jurisdiction of Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China. It is located in the south of Tibet Autonomous Region and the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.

As of 2013, Gongga county has jurisdiction over 5 towns, 3 townships, 43 administrative villages (communities) and 168 villages. Gongga county has a total area of 2386.11 square kilometers and a total population of 50000. The county people's government is located in Jixiong town.

Gongga county is high in the West and low in the East, belonging to the plateau arid monsoon climate zone. Gongga county has a long history of hand-made wool spinning, and "jiedexiu Apron" is well-known at home and abroad. Gongga county is the seat of Lhasa Gongga International Airport and a famous aviation County in Tibet. On February 6, 2019, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region decided to withdraw Gongga county from poverty-stricken county.

Historical evolution

Gongga Tibetan means "white mountain behind the village, white peak". During the Tubo Period, it was under the jurisdiction of yoru.

In the 13th century, it was under the jurisdiction of CaiMa wanhu.

In the middle of the 14th century, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty authorized the PAMO Zhuma regime in Tibet to take over the local affairs of Tibet. After the great situ Jiangqu jianzan came to power, Gongga sect was established here. Later, it was under the jurisdiction of the gaxia government in Tibet, and the Gongga sect belonged to Loka (Shannan) Jiqiao.

In May 1959, Gongga Zong and Jiede xiudui were merged and Gongga county was formally established, which is under the jurisdiction of Shannan area (special area).

In 1960, the county government moved from gonggaxue village to remai village. The county government is now in Jixiong.

In 1987, jiedexiu Town, Langjiexue, Changguo, Kexi, Jiari, Jixiong, jiazhulin, gangdui, Jiangtang, darandou, Jina, niangsuo, guangga, Zhilong 13 townships, 1 town and 168 village committees were merged.

In 2000, Gongga County governed 5 towns and 3 townships.

In February 2016, Shannan was set up as a city, and Gongga county was under the jurisdiction of Shannan city.

natural environment

Regional location

Gongga county is located in the south of Tibet Autonomous Region, the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.

topographic features

Gongga county is located in the valley of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the high and wide valley area of the south of the Yangtze River. In the territory, the mountains fluctuate vertically and horizontally, and the edge is continuous. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East, with an average altitude of 3750 meters. The terrain is high in the north and south, and inclined to the Yarlung Zangbo River in the middle. The terrain is flat and wide. The average altitude is 3564m, the highest is 5438m, and the relative elevation difference is 1890m.

hydrology

Gongga county belongs to the Yarlung Zangbo River water system. The Yarlung Zangbo River originates from the ice and snow mountains on the north slope of the middle Himalaya with an altitude of more than 5300 meters, runs from west to East, flows to the south of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which is known as the "roof of the world", and finally flows out of the border near baxika, and is renamed Brahmaputra River, and flows into the bay of Bengal through India and Bangladesh. It has a total length of more than 2057 kilometers in China, ranking fifth among the famous rivers in the country; its drainage area is 240480 square kilometers, ranking sixth in the country, and the annual runoff flowing out of the border is 140 billion cubic meters, ranking third in the country after the Yangtze River and Pearl River. The river bed is generally over 3000 meters above sea level, which is the highest River in the world.

Climatic characteristics

Gongga county belongs to the plateau with arid monsoon climate. It is cold and windy in winter and spring, and precipitation is concentrated in rainy season, forming the climate characteristics of long winter without summer and spring and autumn. The annual sunshine hours are 3194 hours. The annual frost free period is 142 days. The annual precipitation is 356.6 mm, mainly from June to September. Wind disasters are the most frequent, with an average annual gale day of 40 days, mainly from February to April.

natural resources

mineral resources

The main mineral resources in Gongga county are magnetite, copper, limestone, granite, etc.

Biological resources

Gongga county mainly includes Tibetan eared pheasant, roe, swan, wild yak, wild donkey, Tibetan antelope, wild donkey, Tibetan antelope, red footed duck, spotted goose, Red duck, fritillary hen, grey crane, black necked Crane, etc. Rare Chinese medicinal materials include Hippophae rhamnoides, Phellodendron chinense, Populus alba, ginseng fruit, Saussurea involucrata, Cordyceps, Fritillaria, musk, etc.

administrative division

As of 2014, Gongga county has jurisdiction over 5 towns (Jixiong Town, gangdui Town, jiazhulin Town, Jiangtang town and jiedexiu town), 3 townships (Langjiexue Township, Changguo Township and dongla township) and 43 administrative villages (communities). The county people's government is located in Jixiong town.

Population nationality

In 1997, it had an area of 2280 square kilometers and a population of 44900. It has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 12 townships: jiedexiu Town, jiazhulin Town, Jixiong Township, Jiangtang Township, niangsuo Township, Zhilong Township, Langjiexue Township, Kexi Township, guangga Township, Changguo Township, Gongdui Township, Jiari Township, daredo Township and Jina township. The county government is located in Jixiong township.

In 2000, Gongga County governed five towns and three townships. According to the fifth census, the total population of the county is 44624, including 4931 in Jixiong Town, 7879 in jiazhulin Town, 7746 in jiedexiu Town, 6670 in gangdui Town, 4705 in Jiangtang Town, 3808 in dongla Township, 6076 in Langjiexue Township and 2809 in Changguo township.

Economic overview

overview

In 2012, the GDP of Gongga County reached 620.155 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12%; the fiscal revenue reached 53.25 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%; the investment in fixed assets reached 780.36 million yuan; the total amount of social consumer goods reached 50.305 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%; the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen reached 5677.1 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13%; the urban unemployment rate was controlled within 36%.

primary industry

Gongga county is a large agricultural county in Shannan area, and one of the commodity grain base counties in Tibet. The main crops are highland barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, pea, broad bean, rape, radish, potato, cabbage, tomato, cauliflower, etc. Animal husbandry mainly includes yak, yak, yellow cattle, improved cattle, goat, sheep, horse, donkey, mule, pig, etc. The forest coverage area of the county is 4.87 square kilometers. The main economic crops are peach, walnut, apple, etc. In 1987, it was rated as the national advanced greening county. Gongga County vigorously develops high-quality highland barley, rape, vegetables, edible fungi and other advantageous industries, and strengthens the demonstration and promotion of high-quality crops. In the first quarter of 2011, the county completed grain planting area of 56000 mu, 7000 Mu less than that of 2000; expanded economic crop planting area, including rape planting area of 12000 mu, 6000 mu more than that of 2000; vegetables planting area of 6000 mu, 154 mu more than that of 2000; feed planting area of 2600 mu, 228 mu more than that of 2000; established high and stable yield field of 37000 mu; improved seed promotion area of 53000 mu. In the aspect of animal husbandry, it focuses on industrial management, and gradually forms a pattern of regional planting and specialized breeding. In the first quarter, 51000 lambs were received in the county, and 49000 young animals survived, with a survival rate of 95%. During the period of avian influenza, 30000 poultry were vaccinated in the whole county, and the immunization rate reached 100%. In the first quarter of 2011, the output value of Gongga township enterprises was 4.27 million yuan, and the operating income was 3.88 million yuan, an increase of 1.81 million yuan.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

Combining the advantages of living alone in the airport with the characteristics of Tibetan folk culture, a etiquette service company has been set up to provide etiquette services for tourists in and out of Tibet according to the reception customs of Tibetan people. From January to may in 2009, the number of domestic and foreign tourists reached more than 30000, creating a tourism income of more than 320000 yuan. As of May 2007, there were 996 tertiary industry market entities in the county, with a total registered capital of 14.3486 million yuan. From January to April 2009 alone, the total tax revenue was more than 900000 yuan.

social undertakings

traffic

As of 2013, there are two national highways in Gongga county. Lhasa Gongga highway is a class II Black highway. In addition, there are 9 rural roads in the county, and all towns and townships in the county are equipped with cars. Gongga county is known as "the air gateway of Tibet".

Gongga station is set up here for the Lalin railway to be built.

education

Gongga experimental middle school is the only experimental middle school in the autonomous region, which integrates basic education, vocational education and high school education. Founded in 1996, the school was established with the assistance of the higher education administrative department and Changsha, Hunan Province.

hygiene

In 2014, the medical and health services continued to improve, 50610 urban and rural residents and monks and nuns in the compilation were given free physical examination, 5453 people were screened for congenital heart disease, 9.8291 million yuan of compensation was paid for cooperative medical treatment, and 1451 people (Times) benefited. 4.8 million yuan was invested to complete the standardized construction of 24 village level medical and health centers, basically realizing the full coverage of the county. The collection and payment of the five major insurances went smoothly, with 2.5571 million yuan of endowment insurance funds issued and 4.541 million yuan of urban and rural minimum living insurance funds implemented. A one-time living subsidy fund of 2.097 million yuan was issued to urban and rural residents with the minimum living allowance, the five guarantees and the preferential care, and personal accident insurance was purchased for more than 40000 farmers and herdsmen in the county. 1.7333 million yuan of urban and rural medical assistance funds were cashed, and 765 people benefited. A total of 5.85 million yuan has been invested in the activities of strengthening the foundation and benefiting the people, 265 good things have been done for the people, and 15 "short, flat and fast" projects have been implemented, with a total investment of 4.5 million yuan.

famous scenery

Quguori mountain

Quguori mountain is one of the four sacred mountains of Buddhism in Tibet. It is said to be "the source of happiness in Tibet". Duojizha temple, located in Changguo Township, Jiangbei, was built in 1718. It is an important temple of Ningma school (red religion). Remai temple is a large yellow temple. Due to the convenient transportation, there is an endless stream of religious believers and tourists at home and abroad.

Jedxiu town

It is located in the east of the county, adjacent to zalang County in the East, Jixiong town in the west, Changguo Township across the Yarlung Zangbo River in the north and Langjiexue Township in the south. Jiedexiu is a famous "apron town" and one of the "eight ancient towns". Jiedexiu is a Tibetan language