Karuo District, Changdu City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Karuo District, located in the eastern part of Tibet, is the jurisdiction of Changdu City, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is located in the Hengduan Mountains and the three rivers (Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River) basin. Changdu Tibetan means "the confluence of water". It faces Sichuan Province in the East, Myanmar and Yunnan in the southeast, Linzhi city in the southwest, Naqu city in Tibet in the northwest, Qinghai Province in the north and Lhasa in the West.

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, karuo district has been the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Changdu City, known as the "gateway of eastern Tibet". In November 2014, the State Council approved the Tibet Autonomous Region to cancel the establishment of Changdu prefecture level Changdu City, cancel Changdu Prefecture and Changdu County, and establish Changdu prefecture level Changdu city. The former administrative region of Changdu county is the administrative region of karuo District in Changdu city. The people's Government of karuo district is located at No. 259, middle Changdu Road, Chengguan town.

In 2015, karuo district had a total area of 10800 square kilometers and a total population of 220000. In 2016, the gross output value of karuo District reached 4.952 billion yuan.

In October 2017, karuo District passed the national special assessment and inspection, and was officially approved by the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties. On October 22, 2018, it was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018.

Historical evolution

Karuo district has a long history. The "karuo original village site" 12 kilometers south of the city makes the history of karuo district can be traced back to more than 4000 years ago.

During the Han and Wei dynasties, the vast area with Changdu County as the center was called "Kang";

In the Tang Dynasty, they returned to Tubo;

From the Yuan Dynasty, it was officially included in the territory of China;

In the Qing Dynasty, Changdu was called "chamuduo" (equivalent to Xingju). The minister stationed in Tibet has two posts, the principal and the deputy, whose chief is stationed in Changdu town. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was Changdu County, and later it was Changdu Zong.

In 1950, after the liberation of Changdu, the CPC Central Committee established Changdu County People's Liberation Committee, the earliest people's political power organization in Tibet, under the leadership of the State Council;

In 1956, Changdu county was incorporated into the Tibet Autonomous Region;

In 1960, it merged laduozong and changed to Changdu county;

On April 20, 1959, the people's Government of Changdu county was formally established, with three administrative districts under its jurisdiction, which increased to seven by the end of 1959;

In July 1962, Changdu county was divided into 10 districts and 1 town, totally 52 townships;

In 1987, Changdu county was divided into one town, one district and 15 townships, with jurisdiction over 259 villages, 10 communities and 920 natural villages;

In October 2014, the State Council approved the abolition of Changdu region and the establishment of prefecture level Changdu city in Tibet Autonomous Region. Changdu county was changed into karuo district.

administrative division

Division evolution

After the liberation of Changdu in 1950, the CPC Central Committee established the earliest people's political power organization of the Communist Party of China in Changdu Town, Changdu County People's Liberation Committee, under the leadership of the State Council; Changdu County People's government was formally established on April 20, 1959, under the jurisdiction of three administrative regions; in 1959, it was increased to seven administrative regions; in July 1962, it was re divided into 10 districts and one town, a total of 52 townships; in 1987, it was completed Shituo district is divided into one town, one district and 15 townships. It governs 259 villagers' committees, 10 residents' committees and 920 natural villages. In 1999, it was divided into 3 towns, 12 townships, 9 neighborhood committees and 208 administrative villages. In 2008, 208 administrative villages were integrated into 158 by the integration of village level system.

Zoning details

As of 2014, karuo district is divided into 3 towns (Chengguan Town, karuo town and erluo town), 12 townships (shagong Township, Mangda Township, Ruyi Township, Ritong Township, Chaiwei Township, Yoba Township, Gama Township, ruoba Township, Aixi Township, Toba Township, laduo Township and mianda township), 9 communities and 158 administrative villages.

geographical environment

Location context

Karuo district is located in the east of Tibet, 30 ° 6 ′ - 32 ° 30 ′ N and 96 ° 7 - 97 ° 9 ′ E. It is adjacent to Jiangda and Gongjue counties in the East, Chaya and Basu counties in the south, leiwuqi County in the west, Yushu City in Yushu prefecture of Qinghai Province and Nangqian County in Yushu prefecture of Qinghai Province in the north. The total area is 10800 square kilometers.

landforms

Karuo district is located in the northwest of Hengduan Mountains and the southeast edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with a "W" shape from east to west. The highest altitude is 6100 meters, the lowest is 2900 meters, and the average altitude is 3500 meters. The territory of complex and diverse terrain, cutting obvious, steep peaks, ravines vertical and horizontal, a spectacle.

climate

Karuo district belongs to the middle latitude area. Due to the influence of topography, the plateau cold temperate monsoon climate is mixed. "There are four seasons in a mountain, and different days in ten li". The top of the mountain is covered with snow all the year round. The forest on the hillside is dense, and the vegetation at the foot of the mountain is thick. The valley presents the characteristics of subtropical zone. The rainy season is hot, and the climate is pleasant. It is mild and rainy in summer and sunny in winter. The average annual temperature is 7.5 ℃ and the average daily temperature is 5 ℃. The frost free period is 127 days and the average annual precipitation is 477.7mm.

hydrology

There are many tributaries of "Three Rivers" in karuo District, with annual average flow of 400 m3 / s and total flow of 15.2 billion m3 / s. Zhaqu River and angqu River belong to the Lancang River system, both originated in Qinghai Province and flowed from northwest to southeast to the confluence of Changdu town. The Zhaqu river is 145 km long, while the angqu River, Lancang River and Jinhe River are 85 km, 50 km and 60 km long respectively.

natural resources

mineral resources

The mineral resources in karuo district are dominated by nonferrous metals. Up to 2014, more than 70 minerals have been discovered, including iron, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, bismuth, antimony, gold, silver, rhombic, clay, dolomite, gypsum, silica, limestone, coal, oil shale, salt, arsenic, barite, fluorite, asbestos, graphite, Iceland spar, mica, etc., with more than 360 mineral areas.

land resource

As of 2014, karuo district has an area of 1079322.2 hectares, including 1022367.75 hectares of agricultural land, 8700.37 hectares of construction land and 482354.07 hectares of unused land. Among the agricultural land, the cultivated land is 107200 mu, accounting for 0.70% of the agricultural land; the forest land is 8341800 mu, accounting for 54.36% of the agricultural land; the pasture land is 6886500 mu, accounting for 44.87% of the agricultural land; the other agricultural land is 10800 mu, accounting for 0.07% of the agricultural land.

Biological resources

As of 2014, the forest coverage rate of karuo district was 30%, and the timber volume reached 364 million cubic meters. There are more than 1200 kinds of medicinal materials, of which more than 750 can be used. Local medicine Cordyceps, Fritillaria, Rhodiola, Coptis, saffron, rhubarb, angelica, Codonopsis, Ganoderma lucidum and other high yield. The famous and precious Tibetan patent medicine, such as zhenzhu70wei, changjue, buzhongbao, etc.

As of 2014, karuo district has about 80% of the total wildlife species in the autonomous region, of which about 40% are rare animals, mainly including antelope, wild yak, musk deer, deer, etc.

Natural energy

Karuo district is rich in water, solar and geothermal resources. Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang river flow through karuo district. The average annual flow of the three rivers is 400 m3 / s, and the average gradient of the river is about 3 ‰. There are many rivers in the territory, big rivers and small rivers crisscross, abundant water, natural water energy reserves of more than 40 million kilowatts. The annual sunshine hours are 2319-2776 hours. Geothermal resources are equivalent to 5.1 tons of standard coal per hour.

Population nationality

By the end of 2012, the total population of karuo district was 124354, including 79600 people in agriculture and animal husbandry. The population density is small, with an average of 11.72 people per square kilometer. In 2005, the birth rate was 13.6 ‰, the death rate was 4.9 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 8.7 ‰. In 2015, the total population of karuo district was 220000.

Tibetans account for 94.5% of the total population, and there are 21 ethnic groups, including Han, Hui, Miao, Mongolian, Loba, and Menba.

economic development

survey

In 2012, the gross output value of karuo District reached 2.79 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.6%, and the industrial structure was adjusted from 8:40:52 to 8.9:36.4:54.7. The per capita GDP of karuo District reached 22400 yuan, an increase of 13.71% over 2011. The disposable income of urban residents was 15028 yuan, an increase of 7% compared with 2011; the fiscal revenue was 50 million yuan, an increase of 19.1% compared with 2011; the tax revenue was 41 million yuan.

In 2016, the gross domestic product of karuo district was 4.952 billion yuan, 1.77 times of 2012, with an average annual growth of 15.41%; the investment in fixed assets was 2.79 billion yuan, 1.52 times of 2012, with an average annual growth of 11.12%; the public finance revenue was 158 million yuan, 2.98 times of 2012, with an average annual growth of 29.7%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 9164 yuan, 1.49 times of 2012, with an average annual growth of 10.56%; the income of urban residents was 9164 yuan, with an average annual growth of 10.56% The per capita disposable income of residents was 27767 yuan, 1.78 times that of 2012, with an average annual growth of 15.52%.

In October 2017, karuo District passed the national special assessment and inspection, and was officially approved by the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties.

primary industry

In 2012, the added value of the primary industry in karuo district was 248 million yuan, up from 2011