Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province

Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County is one of the counties under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in Yunnan Province of the people's Republic of China. It is located in the south of Yunnan Province and the middle of Pu'er City. It is the hub of Southern Yunnan. It is connected with the mountains and rivers of Simao, Mojiang, Jiangcheng, Jinggu and Zhenyuan. It is 370 km away from Kunming in the north and 33 km away from Simao district where the municipal government is located in the south. The total area of the county is 3670 square kilometers. The whole territory of Ning'er county is mountainous, with crisscross landforms and karst geological structure. It belongs to South Subtropical Mountain monsoon climate, with tropical, middle subtropical and southern temperate climate types.

As of 2014, Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 3 townships. In 2015, the county's GDP was 4.267 billion yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 23852 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 8125 yuan.

In September 2020, it was awarded the title of "model collective of national unity and progress in Yunnan Province".

Evolution of organizational system

Before 109 BC, today's Ning'er county is the territory of the ancient Dai nation "mengdaguang" (Chinese translation of "Ailao state").

In 109 BC, the Han Dynasty conquered the state of Dian, Kunming, Yi and other tribes and set up Yizhou county. It extended its power into the territory of mengdaguang (Ailao state) and set up a county (stronghold). Mengdaguang (Ailao state) retreated westward. Now Ning'er county has become a free land.

In 69 A.D., mengdaguang (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty and located in Yongchang County. The county (stronghold) previously established in mengdaguang was transferred from Yizhou county to Yongchang County. Now Ning'er county belongs to Yongchang County.

In 225 ad, the Shu Han Dynasty was divided into Jianning County, Yuejun county and Yongchang County to set up Yunnan county; now Ning'er county belongs to Yunnan county.

In 271 ad, the four counties of Jianning, Xinggu, Yunnan and Yongchang were merged into ningzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty, and now Ninger county is still a Yunnan county.

In 420 ad, the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Song Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Qi Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) and other Chinese inland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), the Chinese inland Dynasties completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Now Ning'er county has become an autonomous territory of the Dai nationality.

In 738, the Dai nationality of mengshe (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and established the regime of mengshelong (Nanzhao state in Chinese translation); in 765, mengshelong (Nanzhao state) established Yinsheng Jiedu (Jingdong basin) in Menggu (Jingdong basin) and governed Menggu (Jingdong basin) and its southern regions, and owned Yinsheng City, Kainan City, Weiyuan City, Fengyi City, Licheng City, mangnaidao and liuzhui He Cheng, Pu Bai, Tong Yi Chuan, he Pu Chuan, Da Yin Kong, etc.; now Ning'er county belongs to Yinsheng Jiedu Fengyi city.

In 937 ad, Duan Siping, the former "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) Tonghai Jiedu envoy, entered the Erhai Basin to build Dali state, and set up Yinsheng Jiedu in "Menggu" along the old system of "mengshelong"; in 1096 ad, Dali state abolished Jiedu, Dudu and other military areas, and set up eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns; now Ning'er county belongs to Yinsheng Jiedu first, and then to Buri Department of Weichu Prefecture.

In 1254 ad, the great Mongolia destroyed Dali; in 1256 ad, it set up military areas of wanhu, Qianhu, Baihu and other levels in Dali, stabilized the situation of Dali, and then transferred to the Southern Song Dynasty; in 1274 ad, the Yuan Dynasty (the former great Mongolia) set up Yunnan and other provinces in Dali, abolished military areas of wanhu, Qianhu, Baihu and set up roads, prefectures, counties and other levels In 1288, the yuan Army established Yuanjiang road in the southern part of Chu Fu, the former state of Dali. Today, Ning'er county belongs to the Buri part of Yuanjiang road.

In 1301, the Dai nationality's tumu of Mengzhe (Cheli Junmin government) captured the Luotuo, Buteng and other departments of Yuanjiang Road (now the west of Simao district and the west of Jiangcheng County), and Yuanjiang road set up the Department of Buri and Simo, and set up the Department of purrisimodian (now Ninger County, the east of Simao district and the east of Jiangcheng County). In 1360, the father, son and brother of purrisimodian attacked and killed each other because of inheritance, The lawsuit of the head of pirismodean is equal to abandonment; today's Ning'er county belongs to the lawsuit of the head of pirismodean on Yuanjiang road.

In 1382, the Yuan Dynasty forces that defeated Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty set up the command department (military organization) of Yunnan capital and the political department (administrative organization) of Yunnan Chengbao. Yuanjiang government was set up in qianyuanjiang Road, and the Bianjiang River Basin under the jurisdiction of the former purris MODIAN chief division was divided into Yuanjiang government and Lancang River basin into Cheli military and civilian government. Today, Ning'er county is divided into Yuanjiang government and Cheli military and civilian government (later changed into Cheli Xuanwei Department) ）。

In 1659 ad, the Qing army invaded Yunnan, and still set up Yuanjiang Prefecture and Cheli xuanweisi along the Ming Dynasty; in 1729 ad, Pu'er Prefecture was set up in the east of Lancang River; in 1732 ad, Talang hall was set up in Yuanjiang Prefecture; in 1735 ad, Ning'er county and Simao hall were set up in Pu'er Prefecture; today's BABIAN River Basin in Ning'er county belongs to Yuanjiang Prefecture Talang hall and Lancang River Basin belongs to Pu'er Prefecture and Ning'er county .

In 1913, the government of the Republic of China cut off the government and implemented a three-level management system of province, road and county in the whole country. In 1929, the government of the Republic of China cut off the road from South Yunnan to Pu'er Road, and Pu'er county was renamed Ning'er county Ning'er county is under the jurisdiction of the administrative inspectors in the 12th, 15th, 6th, 8th, 1st, 4th and 7th districts of Yunnan Province.

In 1949, the Communist Party set up the people's Government in Ning'er County, which belongs to Ning'er special area. In April 1951, Ning'er district was changed into Pu'er District, Ning'er county was changed into Pu'er County, and Pu'er district was stationed in Pu'er county. In March 1953, Pu'er district was changed into Simao District, and the administrative office was moved from Pu'er county to Simao county.

In June 1955, Pu'er County People's government was stationed. In March 1958, the customs clearance area of Pu'er county (with an area of 361 square kilometers) was assigned to Mojiang County. On September 13, 1960, the State Council abolished Simao county and merged the former administrative region of Simao County into Pu'er county (merged in November 1958). In 1970, Simao Area was changed to Simao Area, and Pu'er county belongs to Simao Area. On May 9, 1981, the State Council approved the establishment of Simao county.

On June 11, 1985, the State Council approved the abolition of Pu'er county and the establishment of Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County. The former administrative region of Pu'er county is the administrative region of Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County. It was officially established on December 15.

On October 30, 2003, the State Council approved the abolition of Simao Area and the establishment of Simao City at prefecture level. Pu'er county belongs to Simao City at prefecture level.

In 2005, Fengyang township was merged into Ning'er Town, and Bian township was merged into Mohei town.

On January 21, 2007, the State Council approved that Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County should be renamed Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County. On April 8, Pu'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County was officially renamed Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County.

geographical environment

Location context

Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County is located in the south of Yunnan Province and the middle of Pu'er City. It is an important center in the south of Yunnan Province. It is connected with Simao, Mojiang, Jiangcheng, Jinggu and Zhenyuan. The county government is located in Ning'er Town, 370 km away from Kunming City in the north and 33 km away from Simao District in the south. The total area of the county is 3670 square kilometers, and the mountainous area accounts for 96.8%.

details

topographic features

The whole territory of Ning'er county is mountainous, with crisscross landforms and karst geological structure. Ning'er county is located in the south of Hengduan Mountains. The babianjiang River and Xiaoheijiang River, which are far away from the East and the west, extend southward along the county boundary in a broom shape, and the Wuliang Mountains run through the north and south, forming a watershed. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with a large altitude gap in the territory, with an average altitude drop of 22 meters per kilometer. The highest point is ganbazi mountain at the junction of Meizi Township and Jinggu County, with an altitude of 2851.1 meters; the lowest point is hejiangkou of yaofangbabian River and mengye River in Liming Township, with an altitude of 551.7 meters.

climate

Ning'er county belongs to the South Subtropical Mountain monsoon climate, with tropical, middle subtropical and southern temperate climate types. The average annual temperature is 18.2 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (June) is 22 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 12 ℃, the frost free period is 334 days, the average annual rainfall is 1414.9 mm, and the rainy season is from May to October. The annual average sunshine hours are 1921.2 hours.

natural resources

Biological resources

As of 2014, the existing forest area of Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County is 4.255 million mu, the forest coverage rate is 74.04%, and the volume of live wood and livestock is 20.76 million cubic meters.

As of 2014, the wild animals in Ning'er County include macaque, gibbon, golden monkey, black bear, deer, wild boar, leopard, rock sheep, pangolin, python, civet, Green Peacock, Caragana and other national first and second level protected animals.

Hydropower resources

As of 2014, there are 121 rivers with a length of more than 5 km in Ning'er county. The water energy reserve is 536800 kW, of which 161000 kW can be developed and utilized.

mineral resources

As of 2014, Ning'er county has copper, iron, lead, zinc, rock salt, coal and other mineral resources.

land resource

As of 2014, Ning'er county has a total area of 3670 square kilometers, with a hot area of 2.4 million mu, accounting for 44%, 1.75 million mu of barren hills and shrubs, 370000 mu of cultivated land, and 2.5 mu of cultivated land per capita. The forestry land area of Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County is 284103