Eshan Yi Autonomous County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province

Eshan Yi Autonomous County Eshan Yi Autonomous County (abbreviated as Eshan county) is a county under the jurisdiction of Yuxi City. Its old name is gan'e, and it is known as "Linjun Yanyi and Nanfan, the capital of the province". Founded on May 12, 1951, it is the first Yi Autonomous County in the people's Republic of China and the first county in Yunnan Province to implement regional ethnic autonomy.

Eshan County borders Hongta District in the East, Tonghai County in the southeast, Shiping County in Honghe Hani Yi Prefecture in the south, Xinping Yi Dai Autonomous County in the southwest, Shuangbai County in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture across the river in the northwest, Yimen County in the north and Jinning District in the northeast. The county is located in Shuangjiang street, 24 kilometers away from Yuxi City and 116 kilometers away from Kunming city. Yuyuan expressway runs through the county.

By the end of 2017, Eshan county had jurisdiction over 2 streets, 3 towns and 3 townships, covering an area of 1972 square kilometers, with a permanent resident population of 170100.

On January 22, 2020, it was named National Garden County by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

Historical evolution

In the pre Qin period, it was under the jurisdiction of the ancient Dian state.

In the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yuyuan county and Shengxiu County of Yizhou county.

During the Shuhan period of the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to Yuyuan County, Jianning County, Yizhou.

From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, it belonged to Yuyuan County, Jianning County, ningzhou. The Northern Dynasty belonged to Nanning.

In the Sui Dynasty, it belonged to Nanning Prefecture.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Jiangxian County of Nanning, and later to Yaozhou of Jiannan road.

Nanzhao state was the Ministry of E in Tonghai Prefecture.

The yi'e tribe of Dali belongs to Xiushan County.

At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, a thousand households were set up in ge'e, belonging to ten thousand households in the Ministry of Ning; in 1276, it was changed into ge'e Prefecture, leading qiongchuan and Pingdian counties, and attached to Lin'an road.

In the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1289), it was reduced to gan'e County, belonging to Ning state of Lin'an road. The former qiongchuan county and Pingdian county were merged into gan'e County as townships.

Ming Hongwu 15 years (1382) directly under the Lin'an house.

In the Qing Dynasty, it was made in the Ming Dynasty and belonged to gan'e County, belonging to Lin'an Prefecture; in July 1730, the eighth year of Yongzheng reign, Lin'an Prefecture belonged to Yidong Prefecture.

In October 1766, the 31 year reign of Emperor Qianlong, Lin'an belonged to Yinan road.

In October of the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), Lin'an Prefecture belonged to Kaiguang road.

In 1913, the government set up a road, which was called gan'e county and was subordinate to Mengzi road.

In 1929, the system of Daoism was abolished and the Yunnan provincial government of Zhili was established.

In January 1930, it was renamed as Eshan county.

In 1948, it was the sixth administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (in Xinping County).

On October 24, 1949, the provisional people's Government of Eshan county was established in Dianzhong.

On February 2, 1950, the county provisional people's government moved back to the county from Dianzhong. Eshan county belongs to Yuxi district. On January 10, 1951, the Yi Autonomous Region of Eshan county was established and officially established on May 12.

In January 1956, it was renamed as Eshan Yi Autonomous County; in 1970, it was subordinate to Yuxi Prefecture; in 1998, it was subordinate to prefecture level Yuxi City.

administrative division

By the end of 2012, Eshan county had jurisdiction over 2 streets, 3 towns and 3 townships, including Shuangjiang street, Xiaojie street, Huanian Town, Dianzhong Town, Tadian Town, Chahe Town, fulianpeng town and Dalongtan town.

geographical environment

Location context

Eshan county is located in the middle of Yunnan Province, and its geographical coordinates are 101 ° 52 ′ - 102 ° 37 ′ E and 24 ° 01 ′ - 24 ° 32 ′ n. Eshan county is adjacent to Hongta District and Tonghai County of Yuxi City in the East, Shiping County of Honghe Prefecture in the south, Xinping County in the southwest, Shuangbai County of Chuxiong Prefecture across the lvzhijiang River in the northwest, Yimen County and Jinning District of Kunming City in the north. The total area is 1972 square kilometers.

topographic features

Eshan county belongs to plateau landform, with long and narrow terrain in the East and wide terrain in the West. There are more than 60 high mountains with an altitude of more than 2000, and the larger ones are Gaolu mountain, Daxi mountain, zongguo mountain, Daheishan mountain, huoshitou mountain, etc. The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. Due to the cutting of Qujiang River in the East, the landform of mountain and valley alternating from northwest to southeast is formed. Chahe, Tadian, fuliangpeng and other townships in the middle belong to limestone areas with relatively developed karst, with more karst caves and depressions. In the West and North, the mountains are high and steep, the valleys are deep and narrow, and the terrain is broken. The average altitude of the county is 1691 meters. The highest point is huoshitou mountain in Jinghu administrative village of Dianzhong town in the north, with an altitude of 2583.7 meters. The lowest point is Yale by the green juice River in the west, with an altitude of 820 meters.

Climatic characteristics

Eshan county belongs to the subtropical semi humid cool winter plateau monsoon climate zone, with mild climate and sufficient sunshine. There is no severe heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The annual average sunshine time is 2286.9 hours, and the sunshine rate is 52%. The annual total solar radiation is 127130 calories per square centimeter. The annual average temperature is 15.9 ℃, and the monthly average temperature is the lowest in January (8.4 ℃) and the highest in July (21.2 ℃).

River system

There are two main water systems in Eshan County, the Red River and the Pearl River. The watershed extends from Gaolu mountain to Chahe Township along the boundary of Eshan and Hongta District, and then to Lijiashan in Changshang and Shiping County in the south through huangcaoling. To the east of the watershed is the Pearl River system, and to the west is the red river system. There are long rivers in the Pearl River system, such as the dragon river and its tributaries, luchong River, Lianjiang River, Shelang River, Shiyi River, Moche River, etc.

natural resources

mineral resources

The mineral resources in Eshan county mainly include iron, coal, silicon, copper, lead, zinc, kaolin, marble, diatomite, etc. Among them, iron ore reserves are 89.78 million tons, coal mine reserves are 30 million tons (mainly anthracite reserves are 21.5 million tons, lignite reserves are 4.44 million tons), copper mine reserves are 4.75 million tons, diatomite reserves are 400000-600000 tons.

Hydropower resources

The water energy reserve of Eshan county is 2817 kilowatts, which can be developed and utilized up to 169 kilowatts.

(as of 2010)

Population nationality

population

By the end of 2017, the permanent population of Eshan county was 170100, an increase of 0300, including 76700 urban residents and 93400 rural residents. The birth rate of permanent residents is 11.84 ‰, the death rate is 6.00 ‰, and the natural growth rate is 5.84 ‰. The permanent population density was 86.26 per square kilometer, an increase of 0.16. The urbanization rate of the whole county reached 45.09%, an increase of 1.8 percentage points. The total number of registered residence households was 53475, with a decrease of 331 households. Registered residence population of 155614 people, an increase of 179 people, of which 56084 people in urban areas, the proportion of the total population is 36%, the female population of 77442 people, the proportion of the total population is 49.8%. During the year, 1988 births were registered and 1430 deaths were cancelled.

nation

By the end of 2017, there were 17 ethnic groups in Eshan County, with 106397 ethnic minorities, accounting for 68.4% of the total population, and 88161 Yi people, accounting for 56.7% of the total population.

Economics

overview

In 2017, the Gross Regional Product of Eshan county was 7816.6 million yuan, an increase of 12.6% according to the comparable price. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 1186.08 million yuan, an increase of 6.5%, the added value of the secondary industry was 3014.18 million yuan, an increase of 15.0%, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 3616.34 million yuan, an increase of 12.4%. The proportion of the three industries is 15.2:38.5:46.3.

primary industry

In 2017, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Eshan county was 1860.93 million yuan, an increase of 6.5% at comparable prices. Among them, agricultural output value reached 99.105 million yuan, an increase of 3.1%; forestry output value reached 97.36 million yuan, an increase of 20.4%; animal husbandry output value reached 72.05 million yuan, an increase of 9.7%; fishery output value reached 16.61 million yuan, an increase of 13.8%; agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service industry output value reached 30.86 million yuan, an increase of 0.9%.

In the whole year, the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the county was 1207.18 million yuan, an increase of 6.5% according to the comparable price. Among them, the added value of agriculture reached 693.07 million yuan, an increase of 3.0%, that of forestry reached 76.6 million yuan, an increase of 19.6%, that of animal husbandry reached 406.26 million yuan, an increase of 10.2%, that of fishery reached 10.15 million yuan, an increase of 13.5%, and that of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and Fishery Services reached 21.1 million yuan, an increase of 8.9%.

The total sown area of crops in the whole year was 401126 mu, an increase of 121 mu, an increase of 0.03%, and the multiple cropping index was 187.9%, an increase of 0.7%. Among them, the annual sown area of grain was 181060 mu, decreased by 2449 mu, accounting for 45.1% of the total sown area, with a decrease of 0.7 percentage point; the area of cash crops was 129119 mu, decreased by 3489 mu, accounting for 32.2% of the total sown area, with a decrease of 0.9 percentage point; the area of other crops was 90947 mu, increased by 6059 mu, accounting for 22.7% of the total sown area, with an increase of 1.6 percentage point.

The annual planting area of temperate fruits is 7338.7 mu. Among them, there are 2144 mu of kiwifruit, 171.3 mu of jinsizao, 99.1 mu of Dongzao, 458.3 mu of sanhuali, 2725.9 mu of nectarine, 1500 mu of citrus and 240.1 mu of chelizi.

The aquaculture area of the whole county is 6200 mu, which is the same as that of the previous year in 2016, including 2776 mu of pond, dam and pond aquaculture area and 3424 mu of reservoir aquaculture area. The annual output of aquatic products was 1097 tons, an increase of 207 tons, an increase of 23.3%. Among them, the output of pond, dam and pond aquatic products was 737 tons, that of reservoir aquatic products was 219 tons, and that of paddy field aquatic products was 141 tons.

the secondary industry

In 2017, the total industrial added value of Eshan county was 2785.43 million yuan, an increase of 14.4% in terms of comparable price