Spratly Islands, Hainan

Spratly Islands Spratly Islands, formerly known as Wanli Shek Tong, Wanli long dike, Wansheng stone pond, etc., is located in the southern part of the South China Sea, north of Xiong Nan reef, South to site sand, West to Wanan beach, and east to the seahorse beach. It is the most southern group of Islands in the South China Sea. It is under the jurisdiction of Nansha District, Sansha City, Hainan Province.

Spratly Islands, Vietnam, is called the Changsha Archipelago (Vietnamese: Qu, N, oTr, ngSa/, Changsha). Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines all use the name of Spratly Islands to refer to the whole island group (Malay, Indonesian: kepulauan Spratly; Tagalog: kapuluang Spratly); Malaysia calls the occupied part sanbaolong observation Reef (Malay: gugusan Semarang peninjau), and the Philippines calls the occupied part kalayan Islands (Tagalog: kapuluann Spratly) gKalayaan）。

Spratly Islands is located at latitude 3 degrees 35 '- 11 degrees 55', East 109 degree 30 '- 117 degree 50', east-west length 905 kilometers, North and South width 887 kilometers, sea area is 886 thousand square kilometers. Its northwest is opposite to Vietnam, its northeast is across the sea from the Philippines, and its southern waters are connected with the coasts of Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and other countries.

Spratly Islands is a tropical monsoon climate, the largest tropical fishing ground in China's marine fishery. The sea area contains a lot of mineral resources, especially oil and gas resources. It is known as the "second Persian Gulf". Spratly Islands is located between the two naval bases of the golden LAN WAN and the Philippines Subic Bay, and the key to the East Asia sea transport to India, the Middle East, Africa and Europe. It is an important channel for China's opening up and an important barrier for the security of the southern Xinjiang. Since 1970s, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and other countries have deployed troops to encroach on some Spratly Islands islands and reefs, triggering disputes in the South China Sea.

Administrative jurisdiction

Qin and Han Dynasties

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the whole country was in chaos. Zhao Tuo, a captain of Nanhai County, annexed three counties and established the state of Nanyue (Guangdong). Hainan Island and Nanhai islands were under the jurisdiction of Nanyue.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the Chinese began to sail in the South China Sea and found a group of coral islands, and set up zhuya and daner counties. In the Three Kingdoms period, the "South Island foreign matter" written by Wan Zhen, and "Fu Nan Chuan" in Kangtai, have a description of the characteristics of the Spratly Islands. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Faxian left his travel notes about Nanyang.

Tang and Yuan Dynasties

Since the fifth year of Zhengyuan (789), the South China Sea Islands have been included in the territory of China. Yuan to twenty-nine yuan (1292) January, yuan will be the Shi Bi rate of the total naval force of twenty thousand people, from Quanzhou anchor, boat thousands of boats, through Xisha and Spratly Islands.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

From the third year of Yongle (1405) to the eighth year of Xuande (1433), Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty sent three treasure eunuchs Zheng He, Fei Xin, Ma Huan, Yin Qing, Wang Jinghong, Yang Wei and other officials to lead the fleet. Each time, they led more than 20000 sailors and soldiers. They took fifty or sixty treasure ships (not including small boats) to the western seas and traveled through the South China Sea Islands. Zheng He's navigation map compiled by Ming Xuan de in 1430 (1430) marked Xisha and Spratly Islands in the Daming version, which is the jurisdiction of the province.

In the sixth year of tongzhi (1867) of the Qing Dynasty, the British channel survey ship, the leforman, went to Nansha to survey. It was recorded that "all the islands had the footprints of Hainan fishermen, who lived here for quite a long time to catch sea cucumber and scallops.". In the nine year of Guangxu (1883), the Qing government protested against illegal investigations conducted by the German islands in the South China Sea, including Xisha and Spratly Islands.

the Republic of China era

In twenty-two (1933), the French government invaded the nine islands of Taiping and China industries, such as China's Spratly Islands, and the Chinese government protested against the French government. In August, the Guangdong authorities sent two warships to Nansha sea area for investigation, and then protested to the French government.

In twenty-four years (1935), the Chinese government's land and water map Review Committee printed the Islands Map of the South China Sea, which clearly indicated the specific names of islands and reefs in the South China Sea Islands, including Spratly Islands.

In 1939, Japan occupied the South China Sea Islands. Tampering Spratly Islands as the "New South Islands", mining bird droppings and fishing in the South China Sea Islands.

In thirty-five (1946), according to the spirit of the Cairo declaration and the Potsdam declaration, the Ministry of interior of China, together with the Navy and the Guangdong provincial government, appointed Xiao and Yin Yun, the Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands commissioners, to take over Paracel Islands and Paracel Islands and set up the monument on the island. In December 12th, China's navy "Taiping" and "Zhong Ye" two ships landed more than 100 people to Taiping island and set up the "Spratly Islands Management Office" on the island.

Thirty-six years in 1947 (1947), China's Ministry of the interior renamed all the islands and reefs in the South China Sea including Spratly Islands.

On January 21, 1949, Hainan Special Administrative Region was established, directly under the executive yuan of the national government, "including the islands in the southwest of the island.".

New China period

In March 1, 1959, the Zhongsha Islands Working Committee of the CPC and the Zhongsha Islands Office of Southwest China were established in the first guest house of the Hainan district Party committee of Haikou, which is a dispatched office of Guangdong province and entrusted Hainan's administrative district leader.

In October 22, 1981, the State Council approved the establishment of Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands and the Zhongsha Islands Office (equivalent to the county level), as the dispatched organ of the Guangdong Provincial People's government, and directly led by the Hainan administrative region.

In April 1983, the Chinese Geographical Names Committee authorized the publication of the standard names of the South China Sea Islands, including Spratly Islands.

In February 1988, the Chinese government decided to establish an ocean observation station at Yong pen reed in Spratly Islands, China, in response to a resolution adopted by UNESCO in 1987. In April 13th, the seven session of the National People's Congress decided to establish Hainan province and authorized Hainan to rule the Zhongsha Islands and its waters in Southwest China. On March 13, navy ships were ordered to inspect Yongshu Reef and Chigua reef in Nansha. At 6:25 on the 14 th, Vietnamese naval armed ships and landing ships rushed to the Spratly Islands area of the red cay reef area to provoke activities. They shot and wounded soldiers carrying out normal patrol and inspection missions, firing guns and machine guns to ships and reefs. The investigation ship of the Chinese people's navy was forced to fight back in self-defense (Nansha naval battle).

In August 2, 1989, all the stone tablets of the 6 reefs of the Spratly Islands, including China's summer, Cheju, Huayang, Nan, Zhu and east gate, were completed.

In June 21, 2012, the Zhongsha Islands of Hainan province was approved by the State Council of China, which controls the islands and reefs of Paracel Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Spratly Islands.

On April 18, 2020, the State Council recently approved the establishment of Xisha district and Nansha District in Sansha City, Hainan Province. Nansha District of the three Shashi controls the islands and reefs of Spratly Islands.

In 1950, Xisha and Spratly Islands "management office" officers and soldiers gradually withdrew to Taiwan left camp garrison, the establishment also abolished in June 1, 1950.

On July 11, 1956, Captain Xie zhunian of the Kuomintang Navy led frigates "Taikang", "Taizhao" and Tank Landing Ship "zhongzhao" to form "Weiyuan detachment", carrying more than 100 officers and soldiers of "Nansha garrison area" to enter Taiping island again. The Nansha garrison of Taiwan has been stationed on Taiping island since July 11.

In 1966, the Kuomintang Taiwan authorities dispatched ships to the Spratly Islands's South reef, North sub reef, Chung Ye Island, Nam Kok island and other erect sovereignty stone tablets.

At the beginning of 1990, the Taiwan authorities decided that Taiping island in Nansha would be separated from the "Ministry of national defense" and formally put under the jurisdiction of Kaohsiung City, and encouraged "immigrants to guard the border.".

geographical environment

Location context

The Spratly Islands is located in the southern part of the South China Sea, north of the Xiong Nan reef, South to the Tsing Mu Sha, the west is Wan An Beach, the East is the seahorse beach, and is the most southern tip of China. The geographical coordinates are 3 degrees 35 '- 11 degrees 55', the east longitude 109 degrees 30 '- 117 degrees 50', the East West length is 905 kilometers, the south north is about 887 kilometers wide, and Spratly Islands and its sea area are collectively called Spratly Islands sea area, or Nansha sea area. The area of the Spratly Islands in the broad sense is about 823 thousand square kilometers, bounded by 12 degrees north 00 degrees' 00 'and China's traditional coastal line. The area of the Nansha sea area is 706800km. It faces Vietnam in the northwest, the Philippines in the northeast and Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia in the south.

geological structure

The fault structure in the Spratly Islands area is a fault system formed by the Cathaysian continental margin during the Yanshan period, and formed by the extension of the continental margin during the Himalaya Range period. It is a part of the continental margin graben system of the East Asia type continental margin fault system, characterized by tensile or shear shear fractures. It includes:

1. Nansha fault block: the small continental block stretching from the Southern China block near the Xisha and the Zhongsha Islands in the northern South China Sea, which is located in the southeast wing of the South China continental margin graben system, including 4 blocks of rift block basin, Taiping fault uplift, Nanhua fault block basin and Yin Qing fault uplift. The surrounding fault is surrounded by large faults, forming the long axis of the underwater fault in the ne to NW direction. The faults are mainly NE-SW trending, followed by NW-SE, E-W and s-n. the NW-SE faults are divided into East-West blocks. The NE-SW faults cause a series of arc-shaped concave and convex faults, which form Nansha fault block