Chongli District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province

Chongli District, belonging to Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, is located in the northwest of Hebei Province. It is located in the transition zone between Inner Mongolia Plateau and North China Plain, with Inner Mongolia Grassland in the north and Zhangjiakou downtown in the south. The urban area is 50 kilometers away from Zhangjiakou downtown, 220 kilometers away from Beijing and 340 kilometers away from Tianjin. It is between 40 ° 47 ′ - 41 ° 17 ′ N and 114 ° 17 ′ - 115 ° 34 ′ E. The total area is 2334 square kilometers.

Chongli District got its name from the Confucian core idea of "advocating etiquette and righteousness". On January 27, 2016, Chongli county was abolished and Chongli district was established. It is one of the main competition venues of snow sports in 2022 Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2018, Chongli district has one street, two towns and eight townships. In 2015, Chongli district had a total population of 126000, with a GDP of 3.434 billion yuan, a total fiscal revenue of 608 million yuan, a per capita disposable income of 24098 yuan for urban residents and 7695 yuan for rural residents. China's top 100 summer leisure counties and cities in 2020.

Historical evolution

It is named after the Confucian core thought of "advocating propriety and righteousness".

Chongli District belonged to Shanggu County of Youzhou in Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty and three kingdoms.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Guangning County of Youzhou.

The Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to Yanzhou.

In Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Guizhou of Hebei road.

The Liao Dynasty belonged to Fengsheng Prefecture of Xijing road.

The Jin Dynasty belonged to xuandezhou, Xijing road.

Xuande mansion, Shangdu Road, Yuan Dynasty.

Ming Dynasty is a nomadic land of ethnic minorities.

The Qing Dynasty belongs to the Zhangjiakou Hall of North provincial road in Zhili. Take the word "advocating etiquette and righteousness" and divide them into two counties, namely, Jianxian County, Chongli county and Shangyi County.

In 1914, it belonged to Zhangbei County.

In 1934, Chongli district was separated from Zhangbei County and set up a bureau of Chongli administration. The four words of "advocating etiquette and righteousness" were used to divide Chongli into three parts, namely, advocating etiquette and upholding righteousness.

In January of 1936, the Japanese army occupied Chongli, changed the administrative bureau into a county, and established the puppet regime. In August 1945, the puppet County Office collapsed.

In October 1937, the puppet "Mongolian union autonomous government" was established by Japan and Mongolia in Guisui. Chongli county was subordinate to Chahar League, until Japan surrendered in 1945.

In March 1941, the Pingbei Anti Japanese base under the leadership of the Communist Party of China established longchongchi Anti Japanese democratic united county at the junction of Longguan and Chicheng in the east of Chongli county.

In 1943, the northern branch of the Communist Party of China assigned the eastern part of Pingbei base area to Eastern Hebei, and the western part was under the leadership of Pingbei Prefecture Committee, and established the prefecture sub committee. In May, Pingbei Prefecture sub committee established the longchongxuan Working Committee and the xianzuo office at the junction of Longguan and Xuanhua districts in the southeast of Chongli county. In March 1944, the longchongxuan Working Committee and the xianzuo office were abolished, and the Anti Japanese democracy of longchongxuan was formally established Union County.

In October 1944, Chiyuan Anti Japanese United county was established in the northeast of Chongli County, where Chicheng County and Guyuan County intersected.

In February 1945, Chongli county Party committee and county government of the Communist Party of China were established in goumen village of today's sitaizui township. On August 22, the county Party committee and the county government took over Xiwanzi. On August 24, longchongchi and longchongxuan Anti Japanese democratic united counties were abolished, and the county Party committee and the county government moved into Xiwanzi.

During the war of liberation, on October 13, 1946, the people's government withdrew from Xiwanzi. The Kuomintang troops occupied the county and established the county government. Most of the county became the Kuomintang ruled area.

In February 1947, Zhangbao United county was established in the adjacent areas of Chongli, Zhangbei and Baoyuan counties. In June 1947, Zhangbei County was separated from Baoyuan United County, and now the western and northern areas of Chongli are also separated from Zhangbao United County, which belongs to Zhangbei County. In November, the organizational system of Chongli county was abolished, and Longguan, Xuanhua and Chongli counties were connected to form a joint County of Longguan, Xuanhua and Chongli, which governs the South and southeast of Chongli.

In September 1948, the leading organization of Chongli county was established. On October 1, Xiwanzi county was liberated. On November 14, the original Chongli jurisdiction of longchongxuan United county was classified as Chongli.

In June 1949, Chongli county was officially restored. Subordinate to Chahar provincial Chabei special office.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Chongli county is still under the Chahar provincial Chabei special office. After the revocation of Chahar Province, it was subordinate to Zhangjiakou District of Hebei Province in November 1952.

In October 1958, Chongli county was assigned to Zhangjiakou City; in February 1959, it was changed to Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City.

In May 1961, the county system was restored, and Chongli county was subordinate to Zhangjiakou district.

In 1993, it was assigned to Zhangjiakou City.

On January 27, 2016, the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Zhangjiakou City was approved by the State Council, which agreed to abolish Chongli county and establish Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, with the jurisdiction and government residence unchanged.

On May 5, 2019, the Hebei provincial government issued a notice officially approving Chongli district to withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

administrative division

As of 2018, Chongli district has one street, two towns and eight townships. Chongli District People's government is located in Xiwanzi street.

geographical environment

geographical position

Chongli district is located in the northwest of Hebei Province, with Inner Mongolia Grassland in the north. It belongs to Zhangjiakou City, 50 kilometers away from Zhangjiakou City, 220 kilometers away from Beijing and 340 kilometers away from Tianjin. It is between 40 ° 47 ′ - 41 ° 17 ′ N and 114 ° 17 ′ - 115 ° 34 ′ e, with a total area of 2334 square kilometers.

topographic features

In Chongli District, 80% of the area is mountainous, and the forest coverage rate reaches 52.38%. There are mainly Paleozoic and Proterozoic strata in the area, and Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata are sporadically exposed in some areas and mountain valleys. The territory is the mountainous area in Northwest Hebei, which belongs to the junction zone from the eastern section of Yinshan Mountain to the mountain branches of damashan mountains and the remaining veins of Yanshan Mountains, with northeast southwest and East West strike. The landform belongs to the transitional mountainous area above and below the dam. The mountain is steep, and the mountain peaks are mostly between 1500 and 2000 meters above sea level, belonging to the middle and low mountain areas. The elevation of Chongli district is 813-2174 meters, and the maximum elevation difference is 1361 meters. Its geomorphic feature is "mountain to mountain, continuous, ditch to ditch, hard to count".

Climatic characteristics

The climate in Chongli district belongs to the East Asian continental monsoon climate in the temperate sub arid region. Due to the influence of geographical location and topography, the air activity is frequent in winter, the temperature rises quickly in spring, but the fluctuation is large, the frost period is late, the rainfall is less, and the number of gale days is more. Summer is cool and short, the temperature is relatively stable, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the rainfall is concentrated, due to the influence of mountainous terrain, there are hail and rainstorm disasters from time to time; in autumn, the temperature drops rapidly, and the first frost appears earlier.

The distribution of average temperature in Chongli district is greatly affected by topography. The isotherm is basically northeast southwest trend, and the north part of Shancha, dashuiquan, shiyaozi, Shizigou, qingsanying and sitaizui township near Batou. The annual average temperature is 0-20 ℃, which is consistent with the isotherm.

The average temperature in summer in Chongli district is 19 ℃, and the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air reaches 10000 / m3, which is more than 10 times higher than that in urban residential areas. The average value of PM2.5 is better than the national first-class standard. It is a natural oxygen bar for leisure and summer. In winter, the average temperature is - 12 ℃, the average wind speed is only level 2, with early snowfall, thick snow and long snow storage period. The annual snow cover is about 1.5 meters, and the snow storage period is more than 150 days. The annual average precipitation is 483.3 mm, and the annual average temperature is 3.7 ℃.

Water system hydrology

The surface water in Chongli district is mainly precipitation, with an average annual water volume of 488 mm and a total precipitation of 1.13 billion cubic meters; the average annual runoff of the whole district is 42.9 mm and a total annual runoff of 106.9 million cubic meters.

natural resources

water resource

The groundwater resources in Chongli district are 2141 meters per year, and the exploited land is 110.5 million cubic meters.

plant resources

There are 553 species of wild plants belonging to 301 genera and 80 families in Chongli district. Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae had the most species, followed by Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Labiatae and Polygonaceae. Herbs account for 91% of the total number of wild plants, and the rest are small shrubs, fungi, ferns, mosses and other low-grade plants. Among them, 15 species are listed as national, provincial and municipal key protected species.

Chongli county is one of the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicine in Hebei Province, with more than 240 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine and more than 30 kinds of wild food plants, mainly including seabuckthorn, Pteridium aquilinum, bitter cabbage, mushroom, yellow flower, hazelnut, etc.

Animal resources

1、 Mammals: as early as the early 1950s, there were leopards, jackals, wolves and other wild animals in the deep mountains and forests in the southeast of the county, which decreased or disappeared year by year. Wolves mostly lived in huapiling area, and were occasionally found in other places. There are also roe deer, fox, badger, hedgehog, beaver, raccoon dog, hare, marmot, snow sweeper (sable), weasel (weasel), hamster, squirrel, bat, Chipmunk (five browed rat), etc. Marmots are more precious and live more in the deep mountains above 1800 meters above sea level.

2、 Birds: grouse, pheasant, grouse, turtledove, quail, wild goose, goose, wild pigeon, vulture, Harrier, eagle, eagle, red billed Duck, owl, warbler, woodpecker, cuckoo, partridge, magpie, swallow, crow, etc.

3、 Insects: there are snails, ants, earthworms, scorpions, scorpions, longicorn, Tiangou, mantis, luochong, Gancao, dragonflies, crickets, cicadas, autumn cicadas, grasshoppers, cantharides and so on.

4、 Reptiles: black snake, small belly snake, white snake, cauliflower snake, lizard, etc.

5、 Amphibians: toads