Xiushui County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province

Xiushui County Xiushui County, a county under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, is known as "Fenning" in ancient times. It is located in the northwest of Jiangxi Province, the west of Jiujiang City and the upper reaches of Xiuhe River, between Mufu mountain and Jiuling mountain. It is the junction of three provinces (Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei), nine counties (Jing'an, Fengxin, Yifeng, Tonggu, Pingjiang, Tongcheng, Chongyang, Tongshan and Wuning), and the center of three provincial capital cities (Changsha, Wuhan and Nanchang).

Xiushui county has an area of 4504 square kilometers, and has 18 townships and 18 towns. In 2017, 882356 people registered residence in Jiangxi. It is the largest city in Jiujiang province and the largest population in Jiujiang. In 2019, Xiushui county will achieve a GDP of 24.7 billion yuan.

Xiushui county is a famous old revolutionary base, which is reflected in the "Three Firsts": the first flag of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army was designed, made and first raised here, the first division of the first army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army was established here, the first shot of the autumn harvest uprising led by Comrade Mao Zedong was fired here, and more than 100000 outstanding sons and daughters of the county gave their precious lives for the revolutionary cause, including 10 martyrs on the register 323. There are more than 60 red revolutionary sites, Xiushui Memorial Hall of Autumn Harvest Uprising was awarded as the national patriotic education base, and was rated as the "top ten red scenic spots" in Jiangxi Province in 2004.

Huang Tingjian was as famous as Su Shi in Song Dynasty. Taoli Chen family is famous at home and abroad for its "one school and five outstanding men" (Chen Baozhen, Chen Sanli, Chen Yinke, Chen Hengke, Chen fenghuai). In modern revolutionary history, the Autumn Harvest Uprising first broke out in Xiushui, which was the center of Hunan Hubei Jiangxi Revolutionary Base and the key forestry county in southern China. In March 2019, it was identified as the first batch of county list of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area. On April 26, 2020, Xiushui County reached the conditions for poverty alleviation and withdrawal, and announced the sequence of poverty alleviation and withdrawal from poor counties.

Historical evolution

Xiushui has a long history. It was granted the Marquis of AI in Shang Dynasty. It was the capital of AI in the spring and Autumn period. It was under the jurisdiction of Wu, Chu and Yue successively. AI county was built in Han Dynasty and merged into Jianchang County in Sui Dynasty. It was called Wuning County in Tang Dynasty. In 800 years (during the reign of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty), Xiba township of Wuning county was built into Fenning county. Because of this, it was a Grand County in Tang and song dynasties. It was promoted to ningzhou in the Yuan Dynasty and renamed yiningzhou in 1801. In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), it was renamed Yining County, and in 1914 it was renamed Xiushui county.

administrative division

Xiushui County governs Yining Town, bailing Town, Quanfeng Town, Gushi Town, Daqiao Town, Zajin Town, maao Town, hangkou Town, Gangkou Town, Xikou Town, Xigang Town, Shankou Town, Huangsha Town, Huanggang Town, Heshi Town, Shangfeng Town, Sidu Town, Taiyangsheng Town, ningzhou Town, Lukou Township, Huanglong Township, Shangshan Township, yuduan Township, Shuiyuan Township, Shiao Township, Donggang Township, Shanghang Township and xinwan township There are 17 townships and 19 towns, including Bujia Township, ManJiang Township, HuiFu Township, Zhuping Township, Zhengcun Township, Miaoling Township, Huangao Township and Dachun Township, with a total of 26 neighborhood committees, 361 administrative villages and 5768 Village (resident) groups.

Xiushui scenery

geographical environment

Location context

Xiushui County, a county under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, is known as "Fenning" in ancient times. It is located in the northwest of Jiangxi Province, the west of Jiujiang City and the upper reaches of Xiuhe River, between Mufu mountain and Jiuling mountain. It is the junction of three provinces (Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei), nine counties (Jing'an, Fengxin, Yifeng, Tonggu, Pingjiang, Tongcheng, Chongyang, Tongshan and Wuning), and the center of three provincial capital cities (Changsha, Wuhan and Nanchang).

Xiushui county is the county with the largest area in Jiangxi Province and the largest population in Jiujiang City. The planning area of the central urban area is 128 square kilometers, and the framework of the central urban area is 30 square kilometers. In 2015, the built-up area of the central urban area of Xiushui county is 25 square kilometers. In 2015, the permanent resident population of the central urban area of Xiushui county is 200000, and the urbanization rate in 2015 is 48.2%. Xiushui county is the regional sub central city of Jiangxi Province and the regional sub central city of Jiujiang City City.

Xiushui county is high in the West and low in the East, with the highest altitude of 1715.5 meters. Xiushui flows from west to East into Poyang Lake through Ganjiang River, with an average annual temperature of 16.5 ℃, annual precipitation of 1580 mm and sufficient sunshine. Huang Tingjian was as famous as Su Shi in Song Dynasty. Taoli Chen family is famous at home and abroad for its "one school and five outstanding men" (Chen Baozhen, Chen Sanli, Chen Yinke, Chen Hengke, Chen fenghuai). In the history of modern revolution, the Autumn Harvest Uprising first broke out in Xiushui, which is the center of Hunan Hubei Jiangxi Revolutionary Base and the key forestry county in the south. The popular dialects in the county include Xiushui dialect (Gan dialect Changjing dialect Duchang dialect) and Huaiyuan dialect (Hakka Tonggu dialect).

Xiushui county is a famous old revolutionary base, which is reflected in the "Three Firsts": the first flag of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army was designed, made and first raised here, the first division of the first army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' revolutionary army was established here, the first shot of the autumn harvest uprising led by Comrade Mao Zedong was fired here, and more than 100000 outstanding sons and daughters of the county gave their precious lives for the revolutionary cause, including 10 martyrs on the register 323. There are more than 60 red revolutionary sites, Xiushui Memorial Hall of Autumn Harvest Uprising was awarded as the national patriotic education base, and was rated as the "top ten red scenic spots" in Jiangxi Province in 2004.

topographic features

Xiushui is a typical mountainous county, mainly composed of mountains. It is known as "eight mountains and half water, one part field, one part road and Manor". The territory is surrounded by mountains, Mufu mountain in the north and Jiuling mountain in the south, all of which are in Northeast southwest trend. From the surrounding to the center, there are middle mountain, low mountain, hilly and valley terrain. The middle and low mountains account for 65% of the total area, the high hills account for 20.5%, the low hills account for 13.5%, and the valley terraces only account for 1% of the total area. The whole county is high in the West and low in the East, leaning to the northeast, slightly like a bowl. There are five types of landforms in the county

① Zhongshan type: altitude 1000-1500 meters, a few mountain more than 1500 meters, an area of 580.4 square kilometers. There are 64 mountains with an altitude of more than 1000 meters in the county. The main peak of Huanglong Mountain is 1511 meters high, and the main peak of Wumei mountain (Shanmenxia) is 1716 meters high. There are few farmland and good vegetation coverage in Zhongshan area. The 800-1000m zone is mostly coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and more than 1000m zone is mostly shrub and grass grassland, which can grow grass, raise livestock and develop herbivores.

② Low mountain type: 500-1000 meters above sea level, covering an area of 2346.6 square kilometers. In the low mountain area, there are great differences in vegetation, and the southern low mountain area is the main timber base of the county with luxuriant vegetation and abundant forest stock. The western mountainous area, with poor vegetation and serious soil erosion, is one of the key areas of soil and water conservation in the Yangtze River Basin.

③ High hill type: 300-500 meters above sea level, covering an area of 924.9 square kilometers. The topography is undulating, the landform is various, and most of them are secondary vegetation, mainly pine, fir and Camellia oleifera forest. This kind of area is very rich in hydropower resources, which is very beneficial to the development of rural small hydropower.

④ Low hill type: below 300 meters above sea level, covering an area of 606.1 square kilometers. The mountain is dominated by pine and fir, Camellia oleifera forest and mixed shrub forest. Farmland is widely distributed in the hillside and Piedmont. In the southeast, paddy field is dominant, while in the northwest, paddy field and dry land are half.

⑤ Valley Type: below 100 meters above sea level, covering an area of 45 square kilometers. It is distributed on both sides of Xiuhe River and some primary tributaries, with different width of hills, plains and depressions. Farmland is concentrated, light and heat resources are rich, soil is rich, organic matter content is more, irrigation conditions are better, multiple cropping index is higher. Paddy field and dry land are mainly two crops a year, and some of them are three crops a year and five crops a year. However, in rainy years, rainfall is concentrated, flash floods break out, and they are prone to short-term waterlogging.

Climatic characteristics

Xiushui county is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, abundant heat, long frost free period, sufficient light and abundant rainfall. There are great differences in climate among different regions, and the three-dimensional climate is obvious. The annual average temperature is 16.7 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1634.1 mm, and the annual sunshine is 1600.4 hours.

The climate characteristics of each season are as follows:

sunshine

The annual average sunshine hours in Xiushui county is 1629 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 38%. The sunshine duration above 10 ℃ is 1254 hours, with an average of 5.6 hours per day, accounting for 76% of the annual sunshine hours.

air temperature

The annual average temperature in Xiushui county is 13-17 ℃. The hottest month is July, and the monthly average temperature is 27-28 ℃. The coldest month is January, and the monthly average temperature is 3-4 ℃. The average annual temperature range is 24-25 ℃. The extreme maximum temperature was 44.9 ℃ (occurred on August 15, 1953). The extreme minimum temperature is - 11.6 ℃ (occurred on January 16, 1967 and February 9, 1972). The first frost usually appears in the middle of November, the earliest is October 24, the latest is December 15. The final frost usually occurs in the middle of March, the earliest is February 15, the latest is April 8, the annual average frost free period is 247 days, the longest is 289 days, the shortest is 223 days.

precipitation

The average annual precipitation in Xiushui county is more than 1500 mm. The seasonal distribution of rainfall is uneven. The rainfall is concentrated from April to June, with an average of 700-800mm for many years, accounting for 47% of the whole year, and 140-190mm from October to December, accounting for 10% of the whole year. The most rainfall was 2296mm in 1954 and 1088mm in 1968.

natural resources

water resource

Xiuhe is the main water system in the territory, Xiuhe and its 11 tributaries flow through the whole territory. Xiuhe river originates from the eastern foot of Mufu, and its upstream is also called zhajinshui, which joins siqianshui and the bridge