follow the providence
The meaning of "Fengtian" is: to obey the will of heaven, which means that the emperor is ordered by heaven. Carrier: inheriting the new-born spirit; refers to the divine authority of the monarch. It originated from the Qin Dynasty and was officially used in the Ming Dynasty.
name
Pinyin: F è ngTi ā NCH é ngy ù n
Usage history
The Qin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty is different from the previous dynasties. Unlike the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it did not rule its subjects with the saying of "destiny", but it also found another basis. The records of the historian said: "since Qin Shihuang was the emperor of the world, he said:" the Yellow Emperor got the virtue of the land, and the Yellow Dragon got the virtue of the land. The Xia Dynasty got the virtue of the wood, and the green dragon ended in the suburbs, with luxuriant vegetation. Yin got gold and silver overflowed from the mountain. Zhou de Huode has the symbol of red and black. Today, the Qin Dynasty changed into Zhou Dynasty. In the past, Duke Wen of the Qin Dynasty went hunting and got the black dragon, which is the auspicious virtue of water. " So the name of the river was changed to "de Shui". It begins with winter and October. Its color is black. Its degree is named after six. Its sound is da Lu. Its affairs are governed by law Therefore, Qin's "Fengtian" depended on the "dangyun" of "shuide" in the operation of "Five Virtues". Later, the emperors of feudal society used both of these two fictions, claiming to be the "emperor of fengtianyun", so the Qin Dynasty can be said to be the theoretical source of the term "fengtianyun". "Fengtian" means "Fengtian", and "carrier" means "Wude". Yi: Ji Jie quoted Shao as saying: "Yi, Qiu vermis. The Yellow Emperor is a native of virtue. The vermis are five or six in size, more than ten in length. " ② "Suoyin" said: "Zhonghou" and "Lu spring and Autumn" both said that "there is fire from the sky to the king's house, flowing into the red and black." The fire tongue turned into a red crow, which Zhou people thought was a symbol of auspiciousness. ③ Among the five colors, black is advocated. It is the same as "Shang". ④ The number of five elements: one or six are water, two or seven are fire, three or eight are wood, four or nine are gold, five or ten are earth. Qin thought that he had the virtue of water. The number of water was one or six, and one could not change. So he took six as the degree, such as six inches as the symbol and six feet as the step. ⑤ Dalu: one of the twelve rhythms. It belongs to Shang in Wuyin and Jin in Wuxing. According to the five elements theory, gold can produce water. Qin thought that water was virtuous, so he advocated Dalu in the twelve laws. ⑥ "Ji Jie" explained: "water Yin, Yin is the main punishment, so it is still law."
the tang dynasty
The imperial edicts of Tang Dynasty are divided into seven forms: book, system, consolation system, issuing imperial edict, imperial edict, discussing imperial edict, and imperial edict. They are generally drafted by Zhongshu province (mostly Zhongshu Sheren). They are examined and issued by the lower level provinces. There are strict regulations on the examination and issuance of the lower level provinces. Small things are awarded by the Department. " Therefore, the first word of the book making issued by suzong is "under the door". For example, the beginning of "suzong ordered the crown prince to supervise the country" is "under the door, the foundation of the world...". And the word of destiny is often seen in the imperial edict of emperor's accession to the throne, such as the text of the book of emperor Dezong's accession to the throne that "Haotian has a destiny, and the emperor will accept it." When Emperor suzong ascended the throne, he said: "I heard that saints were afraid of heaven's destiny, and emperors were devoted to heaven..." Shun Zong ascended the throne and said: "I compile the preface to heaven..." This can also be seen as the rudiment of "Fengtian carrier" in later generations.
yuan dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was a feudal dynasty ruled by the Mongols. The Chinese imperial edict starts with "the imperial edict of the emperor ordered by heaven", while the Mongolian imperial edict starts with "the imperial edict of the emperor in the power of eternal life and the imperial edict of great blessing".
the ming dynasty
However, it should be noted that the word "fengtianyun" was really used in imperial edicts from the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, the main hall of the great court was designated as Fengtian hall, and the four characters "Fengtian Fazu" were engraved on the Dagui held by the emperor, which was called "Fengtian emperor" in the imperial edict issued by the emperor. Later, it became a cliche in the imperial edicts issued by the emperor on important occasions. In order to highlight the legitimacy and sanctity of the emperor and the supremacy of the imperial power, the word "fengtianyun" is added to "emperor". The term "fengtianyun" formulated by Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty originated from the theory of divine power in Qin Dynasty. According to the historical records, it's called "serving the heaven". The common people see that people's masters are following the heaven's orders. They all act according to the heaven's orders. They dare not be self-centered. " In addition, it is wrong for many people to read it as "the emperor's imperial edict". The correct reading should be: "emperor Fengtian, imperial edict". In ancient times, there was a writing habit of "flat lifting", so "heaven" and "emperor" had to change their lines to show respect. Yu jideng recorded that Taizu tasted the words: "when you see people's words and actions, you should act according to heaven. You must dare to do it yourself." Therefore, the beginning of his imperial edict was "to serve heaven". The etiquette of the Ming Dynasty clearly stipulates that the princes and Ministers must have the words "the emperor's family is in charge of all the affairs", "the emperor is in charge of all the affairs", "the emperor is in charge of all the affairs" and so on. The festival celebration must use the words "Fengtian Yongchang", and the emperor's suburban worship calls himself "the son of the emperor". The first sentence of the music used is "the lotus, the heaven and the earth, the emperor is Huayi." The first sentence of the emperor's nacai CI is also "I inherit heaven's preface", while the emperor's seal includes "the emperor's treasure of heaven", "the emperor's treasure of Ming Dynasty" and so on. These are the same as "fengtianyun", which are the embodiment of the theory of divine power. the end of the imperial edict is not always the word "Qinzhi" in the costume drama. some imperial edicts have no special ending words, even if they are finished; some imperial edicts choose other modal auxiliary words to express the ending, such as "Yuxi"; some imperial edicts have longer ending words, such as many imperial edicts of the Qing Dynasty ended with "announce the world salt envoys to hear" or "announce the world salt envoys to hear".
Qing Dynasty
In the Qing Dynasty, this idiom was used to the extreme. The Qing Dynasty inherited the Ming system, and its imperial edicts usually begin with "the emperor's edict", with the contents in the middle and end with "announcing the salt envoys of the world to hear" or "announcing the salt envoys of the world to hear". In addition to the imperial edicts, there were also the system words (i.e. the system book) in the Qing Dynasty, which generally began with "Fengtian emperor system Yue".
Foreign use
The usage of "Fengtian imperial edict" is also used in Korea, Vietnam and other countries deeply influenced by Chinese culture. In the past, the Korean Dynasty was a vassal state of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China for a long time, so it was not qualified to use the titles of "imperial edict" and "imperial edict". However, after the Sino Japanese War of 1897, Korea gained independence. Its king Li Xi called himself emperor on October 12, 1897, and changed his country to be known as the "Korean Empire". The imperial edicts issued by the Korean empire on important occasions also followed the saying of "fengtianyun" used by the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. For example, in Li Xi's imperial edict for the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was written: "fengtianyun emperor, the imperial edict said:" since I was only a tan and a Ji, my territory has been divided into two parts, each according to a corner, competing for supremacy. In Korea, the annexation of Mahayana, Chenhan and Bianhan was the unification of the three Koreas. At the beginning of the rise of our Taizu dragon, the land was expanded beyond the map. In the north, there is the boundary of Jue, while in the south, there is the state of Tanluo, and in the sea of tangerines and grapefruit, there is no tribute. It covers an area of 4000 Li, and it is a unified undertaking. Rites and music, the ancestors of Tang, Yu, mountains and rivers consolidation, Chuyu, my descendants of the eternal family of Panshi. But if I am not virtuous, I will meet with difficulties, and God will take care of me. Create the foundation of independence and exercise the right of autonomy. All the officials, the people, the army and the market share the same voice. They call the Ge Qi Xu and the Zhang Shang. They want to respect the emperor. On September 17 of this year, I told heaven and earth to be worshipped in the sun of Baiyue, that is, the throne of the emperor. It must have the name of the world, which is called Korea. I changed the title of Taishe and Taiji from the first year of Guangwu. I named Queen min as the queen and Crown Prince Li Di as the crown prince. However, zipili Geng Ming, named Judian, was granted amnesty for the story of the past dynasties In drama! At the beginning, he was awarded a treasure book, holding the blessing of the lotus from the heaven; huansi Tuba was the heart of the earth. They want to change the old and seek the new, and turn the behavior into vulgar beauty. Let the world know, and let the salt envoys know. " The Ruan Dynasty of Vietnam, another country, was also a minister to China, but it called itself the emperor, so the imperial edict also adopted the saying of "serving heaven to carry on the business", but changed it to "carrying heaven to prosper the business". For example, in 1878, the Ruan Dynasty's Heide emperor granted the father of Liu Yongfu, the leader of the black flag army, a written letter, which said: "in order to inherit heaven's prosperity, the emperor said," I only want to be loyal to my ministers and sons, and serve my father and my king; the imperial court's kindness is to persuade loyalty and filial piety. The title of Kui Li is based on feelings. Er yuan donated money to Jiansheng, so Liu has been the leader of the army since then. He served as the father of Liu Yongfu, the second deputy governor of the third Xuanjun army. After that, he Bingyi and ate in Jiude. He is willing to do good deeds in his family, but he loves his son and teaches him the right way. What I like to celebrate is Lang's ability to be an official. It's better to add a number to show the light. It can be presented as Zhongshun doctor, academician of Hanlin academy and imperial edict of Xi. In drama! To enjoy its prosperity, we should have light in the spring and earth; to celebrate it, we should bow to the country's kindness. Yi Jue has a hidden spirit. I will take this as a rest. "
Chinese PinYin : fèng tiān chéng yùn
follow the providence
the ghosts weep and the gods howl. guǐ qì shén hào
an incompetent man clinging to a good position. nú mǎ liàn zhàn