Chongming Island

Chongming Island, located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, is the third largest island in China, known as the "gateway of the Yangtze River and Yingzhou in the East China Sea". It is the largest alluvial island in the world and the largest sand island in the world.

Chongming Island has clean water and clear wind, and natural scenery without artificial chiseling is everywhere. Tree lined embankment around the island, like a green dragon, lying on the Yangtze River Estuary. In the early morning, you can enjoy the sunrise in the East China Sea on the east end of the levee. In the evening, standing on the west side of the levee, you can enjoy the sunset of the long river and listen to the song of the returning boat.

There are many historical sites and cultural landscapes on the island. There are Yingzhou Park facing the vast river, Danyuan garden in Chengqiao Town, Jinao mountain, Shouan temple, Confucius Temple, Tang yicen tomb, Mingtan, Zheng Chenggong's ancient battlefield, Dongping forest farm, the largest man-made forest in East China.

As an island, Chongming Island certainly has some unique resources and landscapes. There are three special scenes.

One is that there are many crabs. Chongming Island, especially on the mudflat near the sea, is full of crabs, almost black all over the beach. When the tourists walk on the beach, the crabs are frightened and escape into the powder free caves on the beach. The speed is amazing! It can be said that even if you bend over to pick them up at the fastest speed, it's hard to touch them. Of course, the beach surface is full of crabs, which can be described as "full of holes". Therefore, Chongming Island is also known as "crab island".

The second major feature is that the beach becomes a forest of reeds, which can be called the "great green wall around the island". As Phragmites australis is suitable for growing on beach land, and grows vigorously, we have seen a Phragmites australis belt several kilometers wide on the north and southeast coast of Chongming Island. It seems that people can feel boundless when they walk in it. Maybe the scale of the reed marshes in Shajiabang was just that.

The third feature is that the shape of the island is changeable and always in the process of rapid evolution. Unlike the bedrock Island, which has maintained a relatively stable state for thousands of years, Chongming Island has been evolving from beginning to end.

Chongming Island

Chongming Island is an alluvial island in the Yangtze River Delta and the third largest island in China, with an area of 1269.1 square kilometers,

With a population of 821500, the island is flat, fertile and has a beautiful natural environment, which is suitable for self-cultivation. Chongming Island is continuously affected by the sediment accumulation of the Yangtze River, with an annual increase of 5 square kilometers of land. It is expected to border with the northern land in 50 years.

Located in Jiangkou, it is the third largest island in China, known as the "gateway of the Yangtze River and Yingzhou in the East China Sea". It is the largest estuary alluvial island and the largest sand island in China. Chongming Island has a history of more than 1300 years, covering an area of 1269.1 square kilometers,

The altitude is 3.5-4.5 meters. The island is a famous land of fish and rice with flat terrain, fertile land, luxuriant trees and rich products.

Most of Chongming Island belongs to Chongming District of Shanghai, and a small part belongs to Qilong town of Qidong City and Haiyong town of Haimen City, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province.

Cause of formation

Over the past 1300 years, Chongming Island has evolved from two sandbars in the Yangtze River estuary into the third largest island in China, and is the largest typical sandbank in China. It is located at 121 ° 09 ′ 30 ″～ 121 ° 54 ′ 00 ″ e, 31 ° 27 ′ 00 ″～ 31 ° 5L ′ 15 ″ n, at the estuary of the Yangtze River, facing the Yangtze River on three sides, the East China Sea on the southeast, Changshu, Taicang, Jiading, Baoshan, Chuansha and Nanhui of Jiangsu Province on the West and south, Qidong and Haimen of Jiangsu Province on the East and North. It is 76 km long from east to west and 13-18 km wide from north to south, similar to the sleeping silkworm. The island covers an area of 1269.1 square kilometers,

In addition, the East and West ends of Chongming Island are expanding at a speed of 143 meters every year.

According to the unified map of the Qing Dynasty, the largest island in China is Sakhalin Island in the northeast, which is bigger than Taiwan Island, Hainan Island and Chongming Island combined. Chongming Island was the fourth largest island in China. In 1860, tsarist Russia ceded Russia through the Sino Russian Treaty of Beijing

Since then, the largest island in China has changed from Sakhalin Island to Taiwan Island, the second from Taiwan island to Hainan Island, and the third from Hainan Island to Chongming Island.

Chongming Island is a product of the development of the new Yangtze River Delta. Its original location is the shallow sea outside the Yangtze River Estuary. When the Yangtze River flows eastward into the estuary, a large amount of sediment is gradually deposited due to the decrease of gradient and the slowing of velocity. On the one hand, it creates a coastal plain on the South and North Bank of the Yangtze River Estuary, and on the other hand, it forms scattered sandbars in the river. In this way, Chongming Island has gradually become a typical estuary sand island. It has experienced a thousand years of ups and downs from its appearance to the final formation of the big island!

Historical evolution

From 618 to 626 ad (in Wude period of Tang Dynasty), two sandbars rose in the water to the south of dongbuzhou (today's lvsiyi belt). The two islands are more than 70 Li apart. They were named Dongsha and Xisha (also known as gujunsha). This is the predecessor of the island. In 1025 (the third year of Tiansheng of Song Dynasty), Yao and Liu Sha (named after the two surnames of Yao and Liu) continued to rise in the northwest of Dongsha and bordered on Dongsha. In 1101 (the first year of Jingguo in Jianzhong of Song Dynasty), Sansha rose 50 miles northwest of Yao Liusha (it was named after three times of rising, and it was named after the three surnames of Jurong Zhu, Chen and Zhang lived first)!

From 1271 to 1368 (Yuan Dynasty), there were more than 10 sands, such as yingqiansha, matousha and zhangpusha. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Dongsha collapsed, Xisha collapsed, Sansha rose to the north, Yao and Liusha collapsed to the South and rose to the north. From 1399 to 1644 (from the beginning of Jianwen period to the end of Ming Dynasty), there were more than 30 sands, such as ma'ansha, Chen ensha, gaomingsha, xiaoyinsha, Changsha, yuanjiasha, Xiangsha and gaotousha. From 1522 to 1722 (from the early years of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty to the late years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty), all the sands rose and collapsed frequently. Yao Liusha and Sansha collapsed, Xisha, Chen ensha and fan Liansha fell into the water one after another, Pingyang sand rose first and then collapsed, while Changsha was connected with Pingyang sand and the surrounding sand of yuanjiasha, wujiasha, Xiangsha and Nansha. Around 1644 (late Ming and early Qing Dynasty), Chongming island became a big island with a length of 200 Li and a width of 40 Li, starting from gaotousha in the East and pingyangsha in the West!

From 1644 to 1722 (during the reign of emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), there were more than 30 sands such as rilongsha, yongansha, pingansha and dongsansha!

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were Changsha, Xiangsha, wujiasha, xinzaosha, rixingsha, riwangsha, yongfengsha, yonglongsha, yongfusha, shenfusha, zhongxingsec, xianjingsha, yongningsha, longzhusha, Hongxun Sha, yongshengsha, Limin Sha, yesha, gaotousha, qixiaoyinsha, xiangyangsha, yongshousha, DONGWANGSHA, xiaotuansha, Langsha, sunjiasha, dongdafusha, changjiasha Ansha, xie'ansha, yuan Jiasha, Taiping rilongsha, yong'ansha, wailisha, yongqingsha, xinzhensha, dingchengsha, baodingsha, pingansha, rishengsha, Nansha, manyangsha, changxingsha, xiexingsha, Beisha, yongwangsha, yangjiasha, huiansha, yongxingsha, riyingsha, lianzhusha, xiqingshengsha, nanlianshengsha, beilianshengsha, yongtaisha, yongchangchangsha, xiewang Sand, Gu'an sand, Helong sand, Ding'an sand, Yongding sand and other 60.

traffic

Traffic to and from Shanghai

Ferry: Baoyang road Wharf (passenger ship, express ship), Wusong wharf, Shidongkou Wharf (car ferry) are available to Chongming Island Nanmen port, Baozhen port and Xinhe port by boat.

Through the Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge in Shanghai, there is a direct bus between Chongming Island and Shanghai

Shen Chong line: Chongming Chenjia town bus station -- Wenshui road Gonghexin Road traffic hub (Wenshui Road subway station)

Shenchong second line: Chongming Chenjia town bus station -- Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Subway Station)

Shen Chong line 3: Chongming Nanmen bus station -- Wenshui road Gonghexin Road transportation hub (Wenshui Road subway station) about 100 minutes by car

Shen Chong line 3 (section): chongmingpu town bus station -- Wenshui road Gonghexin Road traffic hub (Wenshui Road subway station)

Shenchong line 4: Changxing Island hub station -- Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Subway Station)

Shenchong line 5: Changxing Island hub Wusong bus station

Shen Chong line 6: Chongming South gate bus station Wuzhou Avenue subway station, about 80 minutes' drive

Shen Chong Liu line B: chongmingbao town bus station Wuzhou Avenue Subway Station

Traffic to and from Nantong

To Haimen, Nantong:

Ferry: Yonglin ferry

Bus: Haimen bus No.209 (Haiyong town government → Haimen station)

To Nantong and Qidong:

Bridge: Chongqi Bridge

Bus: no.239 Qidong bus (Qilong Township → passenger terminal)

Ferry: restart ferry

Traffic between Chongming district and Nantong City

Nanlong special line

climatic conditions

Chongming Island, located in Jiangkou, is the third largest island in China. Chongming Island in Shanghai is located in the north subtropical zone, with mild and humid climate, four distinct seasons, hot and humid in summer, prevailing southeast wind, cold and dry in winter, prevailing northerly wind, which is a typical monsoon climate (subtropical monsoon climate). Typhoon, rainstorm, Meiyu and drought are common disastrous climate.

air temperature

From 1958 to 1984, the annual average temperature of Chongming district was 15.3 ℃, the highest year (1961) was 16.2 ℃, and the lowest year (1980) was 1