Wuling Mountain

Wuling Mountain

statement

This entry introduces the Wuling Mountain itself. For the information of Wuling Mountain scenic spot, please refer to the entry of "Wuling Mountain National Forest Park".

Wuling Mountain (vein) or Wuling mountain area, located at the junction of Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces, is the East extension of Yunwu Mountain in Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. The mountain system extends from northeast to southwest, and the arc top protrudes northwestward, which is the uplift of Neocathaysian tectonic belt.

Wuling Mountain (mountain range or mountain system) is about 1000 meters above sea level. The peak maintains a certain flat surface. The shape of the mountain presents the characteristics of flat top, steep slope and deep valley. The highest peak, Fenghuang mountain, is 2572 meters above sea level, located in Jiangkou County, Tongren Prefecture, Guizhou Province (the highest Huping mountain in Hunan Province is 2098.7 meters above sea level, in Shimen County, Northwest Hunan Province, and at the junction of Hefeng and Wufeng counties in Hubei Province). Wuling Mountain is divided into three branches from Guannan to the south. Wuling Mountain is closely related to Yongchuan's stalagmite mountain in Chongqing. Jiangjin's stalagmite mountain is famous for Tieguai, Li xiudao and the discovery of ruby.

Location context

Wuling Mountain (vein) covers an area of about 100000 square kilometers. The mountain system extends in the NE direction, and the arc top protrudes in the NW direction.

North Branch: Bamian Mountain, Badagong mountain, Qinglong mountain, Dongshan mountain, Huping mountain, Taiqing mountain, etc;

Middle branch: along the north side of Lishui River, there are Tianxing mountain, Hongxing mountain, Chaotian mountain, Zhangjiajie mountain, Baiyun Mountain, etc;

South Branch: it extends from Guizhou Province to Hunan Province, including laer mountain, Yangfeng mountain, Tianmen Mountain, Dalong mountain and Liutai mountain. It is the main vein of Wuling Mountain and the watershed between Li River and Yuan river.

All the three mountains disappeared in the Dongting Lake Plain. Wuling mountains run through the southwest of Hubei Province (Wufeng), the west of Hunan Province (Zhangjiajie, Xiangxi), the southwest of Chongqing City (Xiushan, Youyang, and the northeast of Guizhou Province (Tongren, Songtao, Jiangkou), and become the barrier of east-west traffic. However, there are low mountain passes, such as Dongkou, in some sections, which constitute the east-west traffic channel.

Branch mountain

From southwest to northeast, Wuling mountain runs through Longshan, Baojing, Guzhang, Yongshun and other counties, and its branches extend throughout the whole territory, forming a magnificent Wuling mountain system.

There are three main branches in Xiangxi Prefecture

The North Branch is Baiyun Mountain and Bamianshan mountain in Baojing, connecting with Badagong mountain in Sangzhi and Huping mountain in Shimen, winding along the border of Hunan, Sichuan and Hubei;

The middle branch is Yongshun rice boundary, close to chaotianguan and Zhangjiajie;

The South Branch is the main vein of laer mountain in Fenghuang, Yangfeng mountain in Yongshun and Tianmen Mountain in Zhangjiajie. The three remaining veins are not in the Dongting Lake Plain.

The higher peaks are as follows:

Daling mountain, located in the north of Longshan County, is slightly northeast southwest, 38 km long, with an altitude of 1736 m, the highest peak in the state;

Luota boundary, located in the middle of Longshan County, is composed of two parallel mountains running from northeast to southwest, 35 km long and 5 km wide, with the highest peak at 1409 m above sea level;

Bamianshan, located in the southwest of Longshan County, is 40 km long, 5 km wide and 1414 m high;

Yangfeng mountain is located in the east of Yongshun County, northeast to southwest, covering an area of 33 square kilometers. The highest peak is 1438.9 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of the county;

Yonglongjie, on the border of Yongshun and Longshan counties, is 28 km long and its highest peak is 1048.7 meters above sea level;

Baiyun Mountain, located in the northwest of Baojing County, is 7 km long and 4.5 km wide in east-west direction. Its highest peak is 1320.5 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of the county;

Ludong mountain, located in the south of Baojing County and the northwest border of Jishou City, runs from northeast to southwest, with an area of 35 square kilometers and the highest peak at 1227 meters above sea level;

Gaowangjie is located in the northeast of Guzhang County, from northeast to southwest, with a length of 7 kilometers and a width of 5 kilometers. The highest peak is 1146.2 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of Guzhang County;

Lianhua Mountain is located in the southwest of Huayuan County, with an area of 24 square kilometers and a peak altitude of 1197 meters, which is the highest point of the county;

Liantai mountain, located in the west of Jishou City, has the highest peak at 964.6 meters above sea level, which is the highest point of the city;

Bagong mountain, located at the border of Fenghuang County and Luxi County, covers an area of 15 square kilometers, and its highest peak is 1059 meters above sea level; laer mountain, located at the border of Fenghuang County and Huayuan County, is a high mountain terrace landform with northeast southwest trend.

Wuling mountain range is 33 kilometers southeast of the city, at the junction of Fengdu and Wulong counties. The main vein of the mountain ranges to the northeast, to the west of Mugen Township, Wulong County, to the northwest. It is a middle mountain anticline with an altitude of about 2000 meters. It is mainly composed of Permian and Triassic limestone. The highest part is at the junction of Damu and Longtang townships and Wulong county. The ridge extends in a cone shape, the karst landform on the top of the mountain is developed, and the peak clusters and depressions are densely distributed. The main peaks are: mocaowan (2033 m), xiematai (2016 m), Dashanbao (1977 m), Maoershan (1944 m), etc. The main depressions are: luodongba, longtangba, etc. (about 1000m above sea level).

Geographical elements

Location

Wuling Mountain is located in Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou.

The main part of the mountain range is located in the northwest of Hunan Province. The whole mountain range has a northeast southwest trend. It is the transition zone of the second and third steps in China, and the watershed of Wujiang River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui river. At an altitude of about 1000 meters, Fanjing Mountain, the main peak, is 2494 meters above sea level. It is at the junction of Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Jiangkou county and Songtao Miao Autonomous County in Guizhou Province. Fenghuang mountain, the highest peak at an altitude of 2572 meters, is located in Jiangkou county.

Wuling Mountain stretches four provinces and cities of Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou, covering an area of about 100000 square kilometers. Wuling Mountain is a folded mountain with a length of 420 kilometers and an altitude of more than 1000 meters. The highest peak is Fenghuang Mountain in Guizhou, with an altitude of 2570 meters. The main peak is in Fanjing Mountain, Tongren City, Guizhou Province. The area covered by Wuling mountains is called Wuling mountain area.

climate

The climate in the mountainous area is a transition type from subtropical to warm temperate zone, with cool summer and cold winter and moderate rainfall. Taking Bamianshan and Dongshanfeng stations in Longshan as examples, the annual average temperature is 10.3 ℃ and 9.2 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 0.8 ℃ and - 1.9 ℃, the average temperature in July is 21.1 ℃ and 19.6 ℃, the annual precipitation is about 1700mm, the relative humidity is 82%, and the snow days are 49 and 63 days respectively.

soil

Due to the influence of soil parent material, topography and hydrothermal conditions, limestone soil, yellow soil and mountain yellow brown soil are mainly developed in Wuling Mountain.

terrain

It belongs to the northern part of Wuling fold belt of Yangtze paraplatform structurally. At the end of Paleozoic, more than 500 meters thick littoral clastic materials were deposited

Devonian quartz sandstone. This kind of rock is hard in texture, dense in cementation, gentle in occurrence, and developed in vertical joints. After surface water cutting and physical and biological weathering, it has formed a variety of wonderful landforms such as Canyon, Fangshan, Shifeng, Shiqiang, Shizhu, etc. There are more than 3000 big and small stone peaks, such as jinbianyan, LuoHANYAN, three sisters peak, Xianrenqiao, etc. they are like jade shoots, penholder, stone forest, sword, Tianmen, arch bridge, Yuping, Castle, lighthouse, more like people, birds and animals.

hydrology

Jinbian river flows through Wuling Mountain, forming such scenic spots as "water around four gates" and "ten Li Gallery", which are "unique, wild, dangerous, secluded and beautiful" and "wonders of the world". Zhangjiajie, SUOXIYU, Tianzishan and other tourist areas have been established. Wuling mountain peak strange, stone strange, valley you, water green, green color of the forest, dragon curly pine, travel green palace of rare animals. There are Wujiang River, Qingjiang River, Lishui River, Yuanjiang River, Youshui River, Apengjiang River, Zishui River and other major rivers in the territory.

resources

plant resources

Plant species

Forest is the main body of the ecosystem in Fanjing Mountain area, and forest resources are the core of its biological resources. It is not only the primary producer of the ecosystem, but also the hub of energy flow and material circulation. At the same time, because of its special hierarchical structure, it forms the habitat for animals and microorganisms. Classification of forest types

There are 44 forest types, including primary Castanopsis fargesii forest, Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest, Davidia involucrata forest, Populus tomentosa forest, alpine Berlin forest, and secondary poplar forest, birch forest, Liquidambar formosana forest, Populus formosana forest, Pinus massoniana forest, Phyllostachys pubescens forest. In Fanjingshan nature reserve, the forest coverage rate is more than 80%, and the forest standing stock is 3378000 cubic meters.

Plant species diversity In Fanjingshan nature reserve, there are 277 families, 795 genera and 1955 species of plant species. Among them, there are 19 species of gymnosperms in 14 genera of 6 families, accounting for 9.5% of the total number of species in China, 1155 species of seed plants in 460 genera of 144 families, accounting for 4.6% of the total number of species in China, 245 species of bryophytes in 127 genera of 50 families, accounting for 11.1% of the total number of species in China, 183 species of Pteridophytes in 85 genera of 38 families, accounting for 7.0% of the total number of species in China, and 372 species of Macrofungi in 123 genera of 45 families, It accounted for 4.7% of the total number of fungi in China. The flora is very complex, and it is a very rich and ancient area