Luoyang Capital Museum

The capital museum, known locally as Zhougong temple, is a temple commemorating Zhougong Jidan, a famous politician, militarist, thinker, founder of ancient Luoyang and founder of Chinese Confucianism in the Western Zhou Dynasty, also known as Yuansheng temple. The capital museum was built in September 1989. Relying on the Zhougong temple, it shows the historical features and changes of the five major cities in ancient Luoyang, as well as the life story of Zhougong. The Southern District is the ancient building complex of Zhougong temple, which is composed of Dingding hall, Liyue hall, back hall and two side rooms with sacrificial rites. There is also the base site of Yuansheng hall. The northern and eastern districts are the exhibition areas of the construction history of ancient capitals and the large-scale open-air model exhibition areas of five capitals (Xia, Shang, Zhou, Han, Wei, Sui and Tang Dynasties). The western district is a small garden with small bridges, flowing water, famous flowers and beautiful grass.

Luoyang Capital Museum

Luoyang capital museum was built on the basis of Zhougong temple in Luoyang. Zhougong temple in Luoyang is a temple in memory of Zhougong, a famous statesman, thinker, militarist and builder of Luoyi in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is one of the three Zhougong temples in China, and it is also an early extant ancient architectural complex of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Luoyang. In 1963, it was announced as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Henan Provincial People's government.

brief introduction

According to historical records, Zhougong temple in Luoyang was founded by Wang Shichong, the general of Sui Dynasty, and gradually became famous for its large scale and strong fragrance after being added, rebuilt and rebuilt in successive dynasties. In the fourth year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1525), Zhougong temple was rebuilt on the original site. After many times of reconstruction, the old system was largely preserved. After the January 28 Incident in 1932, the national government once moved its capital to Luoyang, and the temple became the examination hall of the central government at that time. The huge plaque of dingdingtang, written by Dai Chuanxian (Ji Tao), President of the national examination institute, is still hanging on the forehead of the main hall.

Luoyang capital museum is a developing Museum. Relying on the Zhougong temple and taking the large-scale original sand table model as the theme, it focuses on the historical features and changes of the five major cities in ancient Luoyang and the life story of Zhougong. The museum is mainly composed of two parts: Zhougong Temple ancient buildings, a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level, and Yingtianmen dongque site, a key cultural relic protection unit at the national level. In addition, the pavilion of stele "the place where Japanese envoys from Sui Dynasty to Tang Dynasty visited the capital" and the two "thousand year old ancient locust trees" listed in the ancient and famous trees of Luoyang City enrich the contents of the museum. It is a new museum integrating ancient buildings and gardens, and its main content is to show the pattern and style of Luoyang's five capitals and the construction history of ancient capitals. It was officially built in September 1989. The planned exhibition area is about 8000 square meters. The Southern District is the ancient building complex of Zhougong temple. The corridor houses on both sides of the axis display the life story of Zhougong, and use historical relics, charts and statues to show the important events of the eastern expedition and the construction of Luoyi. The northern and eastern districts are the exhibition of the history of ancient capital construction and five capitals (Xia, Shang, Zhou, Han, Wei, Sui and Tang Dynasties)

Large open model exhibition area. The western district is a small garden with small bridges and flowing water, pavilions and trees scattered, famous flowers and beautiful grasses, and magnificent scenery.

Zhougong temple has a main hall, two halls, three halls, East and West rooms, and a pair of stone lions. There is a statue of Duke Zhou in the main hall, and Dingding hall in the back hall. It is the main existing ancient building in the temple. It is named after the meaning of "King Cheng Dingding in Jiahe (Luoyang name in the early Western Zhou Dynasty)". It has five rooms in width, five rooms in depth, and a single eaves mountain. The new statue of Duke Zhou and the exhibition of Boqin and the deeds of Duke Zhou in the Ming Dynasty are displayed. Huizhong temple has five rooms in width, two rooms in depth, and a single eaves hard mountain The statues and imitated cultural relics show the scene of making ritual and music by the Duke of Zhou; the back hall and two verandas (the cottages opposite and on both sides of the main house) built in the Qing Dynasty, the cultural relics exhibition unearthed from the capital site of Luoyang and the restoration models of the eastern capital Palace of Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The Duke of Zhou, surnamed Ji and named Dan, was the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou. His fief was granted to the south of Qishan mountain in Shaanxi Province, so he was called Duke of Zhou. He was a famous statesman, militarist and thinker in the Western Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou assisted his brother King Wu Jifa in ruling the country and destroying the business, and established the Western Zhou Dynasty. After the death of King Wu, he assisted the young king Cheng to govern the country, enfeoffment the vassals, build Luoyi, and later lived in Luoyang. He made outstanding contributions to the establishment and consolidation of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Duke of Zhou inherited the will of King Wu and actively built Luoyi on the shore of Luoshui. On his deathbed, he ordered to bury his body in Chengzhou, which was closely related to Luoyang, so later generations built a temple for him in Luoshui.

Development history

Luoyang Zhougong temple is an important place for offering sacrifices to Zhougong in China. It is one of the three major Zhougong temples in China. It was built before the Sui Dynasty and in the early Tang Dynasty (618). It was founded by Wang Shichong, the general of Sui Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1525, rebuilt in 1619, and overhauled in 1674. It was repaired many times in 1743, 1790 and 1890. According to the central axis, Baoding hall, the second hall, the third hall and the East-West corridor are 664 square meters in total. Baoding hall is named after the meaning of "Chengwang Baoding Qie". It has five rooms in width and three rooms in depth. The second Hall and the third hall are all five bay and single eaves hard mountain buildings. Zhougong temple in Luoyang is one of the well preserved ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Luoyang. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province.

The descendants of Duke Zhou are passed down from generation to generation, and the descendants of Duke Zhou are all over the world. According to the preface to the genealogy of Yuan Sheng Zi, the general annals of the clan and the compilation of yuan he's surname, the descendants of Duke Zhou were given by the di faction, starting with Bo Qin and his sons Ninety eight surnames are recorded. In order to carry out the research on the culture of the Duke of Zhou and strengthen the friendship between the descendants of the Duke of Zhou at home and abroad, our museum plans to prepare a ancestral hall in the third Hall of the temple of the Duke of Zhou, aiming to provide a place for the 98 surnamed relatives of the descendants of the Duke of Zhou and people from all walks of life to worship and worship the Duke of Zhou and to seek their roots. At the same time, we also welcome the descendants of the Duke of Zhou and people with lofty ideals from all walks of life who are good at charity to come to Luoyang Zhougong temple to seek common development plans.

Cultural relics exhibition hall

On the west side of the ancient building of Zhougong temple in Luoyang is the Yingtianmen site, the main gate of Luoyang City, the eastern capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties. Yingtianmen was built in 605, the first year of Daye of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. After Li Shimin conquered Luoyang, the eastern capital of China, he was burned for his extravagance. It was rebuilt in the early Tang Dynasty, and was still in use today because it avoided his mother's taboo and changed to Yingtianmen. Yingtianmen was an important place for the imperial court to hold important state celebrations and diplomatic activities. It is said that the ceremony of Empress Wu Zetian's becoming emperor and Emperor Xuanzong's meeting with the eighth Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty were held in Yingtianmen tower. The Yingtianmen site has a concave shape. The gate has two views, with "Ziwei view" written on it. The left and right towers are connected by corridors and veranda in the middle. Its architectural form has a direct impact on the Danfeng gate in Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Meridian Gate of the Imperial Palace in Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese Metropolitan Architecture. The excavation of Yingtianmen site in 1990 was one of the "top ten archaeological discoveries in China" at that time, and is now a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

architectural composition

The museum is mainly composed of two parts: Zhougong Temple ancient buildings, a provincial key cultural relic protection unit, and Yingtianmen dongque site, a national key cultural relic protection unit.

The ancient building complex of Zhougong temple is composed of Dingding hall, Liyue hall, houdian hall and the rooms with sacrificial service on both sides. There is also the base site of Yuansheng hall. Dingdingtang, the main hall of Zhougong temple, was built in the Ming Dynasty. After many renovations, the old system was generally preserved. The hall is five rooms wide and three rooms deep. It has a single eaves and a Xieshan style. It is covered with green tubular tiles and decorated with colorful paintings. In the hall, there are five statues of Duke Zhou and his younger brothers, Duke Zhao, Duke Bi, shiziboqin and Junchen. The bird statue was created in the Ming Dynasty and painted in clay. It was found in the niche when the main hall was cleaned up in 1991. Around the hall, there are "the deeds of Duke Zhou", "the genealogy of Duke Zhou", "the genealogy of Yuansheng", "the introduction of the three major temples of Duke Zhou" and so on. On the wall outside the hall, there are 19 stone inscriptions of "Duke Zhou's dream interpretation". On the east side of the square in front of the hall, there is a "memorial to the ancestors of Lai Luofu's clan visiting group in Taichung City, Taiwan Province and the ancestor worship Temple of Lai's clan association in Central Plains" erected by Taiwan compatriots "The root is in Heluo."

The hall of rites and music, formerly known as Huizhong temple, was built in the Qing Dynasty. The surface is three rooms wide, and the depth is two rooms deep. It is hard mountain style and covered with green tube tiles. The hall displays a group of portraits of the Duke of Zhou making rites and music. The scene is magnificent and vivid.

The back hall, namely the three halls, was built in the Qing Dynasty. In 1790, Gong Songlin, the magistrate of Luoyang, presided over the repair. It has three rooms in width and two rooms in depth. It has a corridor outside. It is hard mountain style and covered with green tiles. Inside the hall are the large-scale restoration sand table model of the eastern capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties and the restoration model of the capital of Xia.

On the East and west sides of the front of the third hall are hard mountain style rooms with five rooms on each side. It is planned to display the restoration model of the commercial capital Xihao, the restoration model of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the restoration model of the old city of the Han and Wei dynasties. Yingtianmen dongque site is located in the west of the capital museum. Yingtianmen is the main gate of the palace of Dongdu city in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was built in 605, the first year of Daye of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. It was called zetianmen at that time. There are two towers in the East and West, and the plane is concave. Later, due to the taboo of Empress Wu Zetian, it was renamed Yingtianmen. Yingtianmen, as respected as chengtianmen in Chang'an, was a place for important state affairs activities in Sui and Tang Dynasties. According to historical records, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty once went to court; Empress Wu Zetian "ruled Zetian building, pardoned the world, took Tang Dynasty as Zhou Dynasty and changed Yuan Dynasty"; Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty received the eighth Japanese "envoy to Tang Dynasty" at Yingtianmen. In 1990, the Luoyang work station of the Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences excavated the dongque site in Tianmen. Then, the national and provincial cultural relics management departments allocated a large amount of special funds to do the protective restoration and restoration