Ju Yanhai

Ju Yanhai

Juyanhai lake is the tail lake of Heihe River, the second largest inland river in China.

Juyanze was called in the Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in the Tang Dynasty. It originated from the Heihe River in the depth of the Qilian Mountains and flowed through Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia for more than 800 kilometers. Then it flowed into two Gobi depressions on the northwest edge of Badain Jaran Desert, forming two major lakes in the East and West, which are collectively called Juyanhai.

Introduction to Juyan

Juyanhai lake is a strange floating lake. Its position varies from east to west, from south to north, and from time to time the lake surface changes. It was the forward position of Han Dynasty to attack Xiongnu. Located in the north of Ejina Banner, Alashan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ejina river is the main source of water supply for Juyanhai.

It was translated as weak water and quicksand in shuijingzhu. It was called juyanze in the Han Dynasty, Beihai in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Juyanhai in the Tang Dynasty. Carp, crucian carp, big head fish, grass carp and other fish grow in the lake. Swans, geese, cranes and ducks often come here.

Historical evolution

In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Huo Qubing, a general of Hushi, came to live in Yanshou Hexi. In historical records, "Juyan" (in Xiongnu language, the same as today's Mongolian "Qiyan", which means "Yinyou") was first seen. He built a barrier and set up Duwei, Duwei and hequsi. At that time, it could reach Juyanhai by boat from Zhangye river.

In the third year of the early period of the Han Dynasty (102 BC), it was set up to live in the prefecture of yanduwei. Later, it was set up as "Zhangye Juyan vassal state" to govern Juyan county. At the end of Jian'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty established Xihai County, which was inherited by Cao Wei, Western Jin, Qianliang, qianqin, Houliang and Xiliang.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were the northern capital of Anbei and the ningkou army.

In the Western Xia Dynasty, the Yan Military Department of Heishui town was set up, but its location is unknown.

In the spring of 1226, Genghis Khan belonged to the Mongolian Empire.

In the 23rd year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), the office of the general manager of yijinai road was set up.

In the 17th year of Hongwu, Song Sheng led his troops to attack yijinai and set up the old city of yijinai. Later, weiluwei, baichengzi Shouyu qianhusuo and Weiyuan Shouyu qianhusuo were set up between Suzhou and yijinai lake to connect the old city of yijinai. Xuande five years for Ejin turhute nomadic land.

In 1753, the special banner of old turhute in Ejina was set up.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), it was directly under the Mongolian Tibetan Committee of the national government and under the jurisdiction of the Ningxia garrison.

geographical position

Located in the northern edge of Badain Jaran Desert about 40 km northeast of dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, Alashan League, it is the destination of ancient weak water. Juyanhai is located at 101 ° 24 E and 42 ° 33 n, which is in the north of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Traffic information

There is no public transportation to get in. You can charter a car in dalaihubu town or join the local travel agency.

Geographical changes

Juyanhai in history is composed of three lakes in the East, West and North. The surface of Juyanhai lake has changed from time to time due to the diversion of Ejina river. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been divided into three Haizi (lakes), namely yijinai, habanhaba'er and talashi. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been divided into suponor (Mongolian, meaning mulu Lake) in the East and gashunnor (Mongolian, meaning kuhu) in the West. The distance between the two lakes is about 35 kilometers, with an average water depth of 1.5 meters. The lake is rippling with green waves, and the lake is surrounded by reeds. Carp, crucian carp, big head fish, grass carp and other fish grow in the lake. Swans, wild geese, cranes and ducks often come here to inhabit.

Ju Yanhai

Juyanhai lake has gradually dried up due to the decrease of water inflow from Ejina river.

Juyan has abundant sea water, beautiful grassland, fertile land and abundant water and grass. It is one of the earliest reclamation areas in China. The history of reclamation here began as early as the Han Dynasty. Juyanhai is also an important channel through Badain Jaran Desert and Gobi to Mobei, which is a must for military strategists. It is recorded in the biography of Xiongnu in historical records that "Lu bode, the envoy of Han Dynasty, built a city and lived in Yanze." Later, the county was set up here. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was occupied by Turks. In Song Dynasty, Heishui city was built under the rule of Xixia. It was one of the political, economic and cultural centers of Xixia at that time.

In this oasis in the long yellow sand, by the edge of the blue water, there have been many legends and many moving stories.

Current situation of rectification

Before renovation

Since it dried up in 1961, it has been covered by the vast white alkaline desert and barren sand, and has become one of the birthplaces of dust. Dongjuyanhai has dried up six times since liberation, and completely dried up in 1992. Juyanhai's dryness is caused by the decrease of Ejina River year by year, which leads to the shrinkage of Juyanhai oasis and the sharp deterioration of regional ecological environment, which attracts the attention of leaders at all levels. In recent years, the sandstorm in Beijing has become more and more serious every spring. A joint investigation team composed of experts and media has gone all the way to the west to trace the source of sandstorm and Ejina Banner, the westernmost of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Here, people find that the famous Juyanhai Lake in history has dried up. The bottom of the lake is covered with gravel, the vast Juyan oasis has been completely desertified, and a large area of Populus euphratica forest is withering and dying, which is full of the dim yellow scene of "wind rising and dust flying". Finally, the truth is clear: the wind blows up Ejina, and the sand falls on Beijing.

Start governance

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the ecological environment of Ejina Banner and have done a lot of effective work to protect Juyanhai oasis. On July 17, 2002, the Heihe river flowed into dongjuyanhai for the first time, and on September 24, 2003, it flowed into xijuyanhai, which has been dry for 42 years.

Gradual recovery

With the continuous replenishment of water, dongjuyanhai has not dried up for more than 800 days since August 20, 2004. So far, the water surface area of dongjuyanhai has reached 38.5 square kilometers, and the water storage capacity has reached 47.2 million cubic meters.

Ju Yanhai

On October 22, 2017, the Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia autonomous region revealed that Juyanhai area has reached 66.3 square kilometers, which has become the largest area in nearly 100 years, and the ecological environment is showing signs of continuous improvement

 

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Tourism information

Located 40 kilometers north of dalaihubu Town, Ejina Banner, the general travel society takes a group to Dongju Yanhai. Along the highway from dalaihubu to Ceke port, about 40 kilometers away, the next road passes through Gobi. It's easy to get stuck on the road, preferably jeep.

 

Cultural celebrities

Heavy culture

Many people are very unfamiliar with Juyan, but it has been a very famous place since the Han Dynasty. It is not only the representative of a region, but also the representative of a kind of culture. Juyan area carries the extremely colorful and strong culture of the Chinese nation.

Celebrity stories

Lao Tzu turns into an immortal

When it comes to xijuyanhai, the status of Juyanhai is more prominent because Laozi, a famous Chinese philosopher, once became an immortal here. It is said that Lao Tzu left five thousand words of Tao Te Ching before he left the pass, which makes later generations taste it. Finally, he incarnated into the sea and disappeared.

Where did I go after I left Hangu pass?

There are many legends, but the legend of becoming an immortal in Juyanhai has a long history. That is Juyanhai. Later generations called this place "the wizard of quicksand".

Juyanhai has almost dried up, and later generations can't even find a place to hang on to. Maybe this is the original intention of Laozi to become an immortal - there is no trace. Now that he has become an immortal, of course, he doesn't care whether there is a problem for future generations.

Love myth

As for Laozi, there are two famous people to mention here, namely King Mu of Zhou and queen mother of the West.

The legendary King Mu of Zhou rode his eight chariots westward to the foot of Kunlun Mountain and met a queen in tiger skin, who later became the queen mother of the West.

King Mu of Zhou was ceremoniously welcomed and entertained by the queen mother of the west, singing and dancing, beautiful women like clouds, wine like rivers. The two fell in love at first sight, and exchanged love poems. Finally, the queen mother of the West gave King Mu a carriage of valuable gems. This story has been praised by people to this day.

There are many records of Qilian Mountain as Kunlun mountain. That is to say, King Mu of Zhou traveled all the way to the west, perhaps not so far, and the meeting place of Queen Mother of the West and King Mu of Zhou was at the foot of Qilian Mountain.

If according to the then means of transportation - carriage, even if it was 800 Li per day, it would take several months for King Mu of Zhou to start from Guanzhong, Shaanxi, where his Zhou Dynasty was located, and reach the foot of Qilian Mountain.