Chaozong Street

Chaozong street, also known as Caochangmen Main Street, starts from Xiangjiang Road in the East and ends at Huangxing North Road (formerly Beizheng Street) in the West. It is one of the only four ancient Mashi streets in Changsha City. Originally 511 meters long, it is about 400 meters wide and 9 meters wide. It is the widest street in the past. Chaozong street has many historical and cultural sites, such as the former site of Jinjiu activity, the Church of True Jesus, the hotel and stage of the Republic of China in Ziyuan, the remains of air defense facilities in the Anti Japanese War, the former site of cultural publishing house and the former site of Qu Hongyi's residence.

Chaozong Street

Chaozong street, also known as Caochangmen Main Street, is located in Kaifu District. It starts from Beizheng Street (now Huangxing North Road) in the East and ends at Xiangjiang Avenue in the West. It is one of the three remaining Mashi streets in Changsha, 511 meters long and 9 meters wide. It means to worship the ancestors. In the old days, there were many peddlers selling in the river. All day long, the streets were full of river water, and "Chao" turned into "Chao".

essential information

Mashi street is a major feature of the ancient city of Changsha. From 1723-1736 to the early years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the streets and alleys of Changsha were paved with stone. Granite is granite. The granite used to pave the road in Changsha is all produced in T-shaped Bay in the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River. In the old days, it was said that the granite in T-shaped Bay is 500 years old and one inch long. The paving stones are chiseled into long strips. The upward side is smooth and smooth, and the groove is chiseled to prevent slipping, while the downward side is rough. At that time, the sewers on both sides of the streets and alleys in Changsha were open soil ditches without pipes. According to the width of the streets and alleys, the long strips of gneiss were generally laid horizontally in the middle and directly on both sides along the road. Some streets, even though they stretch for several miles, are still very neat and flat, and they are very primitive and plain in contrast to the houses and shops on both sides of the streets. Every time after the rain, the elegant street is washed clean, giving people a sense of comfort. Since the 1920s, the municipal authorities of Changsha began to implement the pavement reconstruction plan because the Ma Shi pavement could not meet the needs of the growing transportation industry. By the end of the 1960s, the reconstruction plan of Ma Shi pavement was completed, leaving only a few Ma Shi streets such as Chaozong street, Jinxian street and Hualongchi as historical witness of Changsha's urban change.

In the old days, Chaozong street was the only way out of Chaozong's gate to reach Xiangjiang River Transportation wharf, so it became a place where rice industry and stacking industry concentrated. It was especially famous for its rice market. There were more than 10 grain stores and rice factories, such as De'an, Yihua, Hengfeng, Taifeng, Shunfeng, Yifeng, Hengfeng, Youhe and Deng Chunsheng. The granary is supported by thick logs and thick boards to form a large double-layer warehouse. These warehouses were still used as commercial warehouses in the 1980s, and most of them were demolished to build workers' dormitories after the 1990s.

Chaozong street in Ming and Qing Dynasties is the location of Changsha County Office and Linxiang post station. It is full of pedestrians and traffic, so the hotel industry is particularly developed. There is an alley in the middle of the street, named Ziyuan. Now there is a hotel and stage of the Republic of China. The gate of the hotel faces to the West and faces Chaozong street at the entrance of the lane. There are two deep grooves on the granite threshold of the gate, which is said to be the track for the rickshaw to enter and leave. Inside the gate, there is a courtyard of about 200 square meters. On the south side of the courtyard, there is a Xieshan style platform supported by four wooden columns and a stage with cornices and angles. There is a wooden caisson on the top of the platform. Although it is damaged, the painted patterns are still indistinct. In the east of the courtyard, there is a fire wall descending from the north to the south. Inside the wall is a corridor connecting the houses in the north and the stage in the south. There are two floors of guest rooms in the West and north of the hospital. The upstairs guest rooms are connected with the corridor outside the hospital, and there are three staircases. Rooms can also be connected to the stage through the corridor. In the courtyard, there is a cut-off gate of white jade in Han Dynasty, with the word "qielu" written on it. Now it has been divided into the scope of demolition.

Chaozong street is also a place of people and culture. Qu Hongji, Minister of military aircraft of the Qing Dynasty, once lived in this street. Xiangya Medical School was founded here in 1914. No. 56 Chaozong street is the former site of the Cultural Publishing House founded by Mao Zedong in 1920. It was once listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Hunan Province.

geographical position

Current situation and characteristics

Chaozong Street starts from Xiangjiang Road in the East and ends at Huangxing North Road (formerly Beizheng Street) in the West. It is one of the only four ancient Mashi streets in Changsha City. Originally 511 meters long, today it is about 400 meters long and 9 meters wide. It is the widest street in the past. Chaozong street, formerly known as Chaozong street, was named after Chaozong gate. It means to worship the ancestors. In the old days, there were a lot of peddlers selling in the river, and the streets were full of water all day long, so "Chao" turned into "Chao". Chaozong street, also known as caochangmenzheng street, was the location of Changsha County Office and Linxiang post station in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was full of pedestrians and traffic, and the hotel industry was particularly developed. In the old days, Chaozong street was the only way out of Chaozong gate to reach Xiangjiang River Transportation wharf, so it became a place where rice industry and stacking industry concentrated. It was especially famous for its rice market. There were more than 10 granaries and rice factories, such as Yongfeng, Xiefeng, Jifeng, Xiehe, De'an, Yihua, Hengfeng, Taifeng, Shunfeng, Yifeng, Youhe, etc.

Chaozong street is also a place where people and culture gather together. The residence of Qu Hongyi, Minister of military aircraft in the late Qing Dynasty, is located in this street, which is called "Qu Xiangfu". Xiangya Medical School was founded here in 1914. After Xiangya Medical School moved away in 1920, its school building was the site of the Cultural Publishing House founded by Mao Zedong. In 1923, Tang Qunying, a famous feminist leader, founded Futao women's middle school in Gaosheng lane, north of Chaozong street. The Republic of China Daily, founded by Chen Jieshi, is also located in Gaosheng lane. In 1924, the Church of the True Jesus was settled here, with square stone columns supporting the tall church, reflecting the architectural style of Changsha in the period of the Republic of China.

A small lane in the middle of Chaozong street, named Ziyuan, was originally the back garden of Liu Quanzhi's residence. Now there is a hotel and stage of the Republic of China. There is a 200 square meter courtyard hidden in the gate. In the south of the courtyard stands a stage with four wooden columns supporting the Xieshan style platform top and cornice angle. Ziyuan turn west again is Jiuru Li, which is named after the old 9 families who lived in this lane. It also has the meaning of "Tianbao Jiuru" in the book of songs. Most of the Liangxiang mansions were built in the early period of the Republic of China. They were built with the same color of machine-made red brick. The Shikumen was covered with glazed tiles on the roof. The interior kept the patio and corridor structure, and the balcony, corridor, pavilion and garden were all available.

Chaozong Street (including Ziyuan and jiuruli) has a planned protection area of 33300 square meters, with the focus on the ancient stone pavement. In 2005, the quality of streets and alleys was improved, and the underground pipe network facilities were reconstructed, so the Mashi must be removed. Using the most primitive method, the workers carried and shouldered more than 6500 pieces of long stones along the street to the roadside carefully. Under the guidance of experts, they carefully numbered the blocks of stone according to the laying order, and finally restored them completely as they were, maintaining the ancient charm of the stone pavement. The sidewalk is paved with green bricks, which is very harmonious with the stone pavement. The Liangxiang building adopts the mode of combination of protection and renewal. Ziyuan Republic Hotel, jiuruli old residence, true Jesuit Church, old warehouse wall, air raid shelter site during the Anti Japanese War and other ancient buildings were repaired. The original roofs of the houses within the third floor along the street were demolished, and 500 square meters of small green tile roofs were newly made. The high-rise buildings were sprayed with real stone paint. The old Yuyang awning, doors and windows and signboards were replaced. The antique Yuyang awning 900 meters, more than 200 signboards and more than 200 antique wood lattice doors and windows were uniformly made. The living and business environment of the whole street was greatly improved.

Historical and cultural sites

Former site of Jinjiu activity

The former site of Jinjiu activity is located at No.6 nanmu hall. It is a compound residence with an area of 472 square meters. It was built in the 1930s and is a cultural relic protection unit in Changsha. There is a small patio in the gate of the stone storehouse, with two to three floors. The wooden stairs are separated from the floor, the rooms are separated by wooden boards, and the external walls are made of green bricks and white powder. There was once a foreign celebrity in the residence, namely Kim Jeou, President of the provisional government of South Korea in the 1930s.

Kim Jeou (1876-1949), formerly known as Kim Chang soo and named Bai fan, was born in Haizhou, Hokkaido. He was the founding father of South Korea. He fought against Japanese invaders in China for 27 years. In 1910, Japan annexed Korea, and a large number of Anti Japanese soldiers fled to China. After the fall of Shanghai in 1937, Jin Jiu led members of the Korean Provisional Government to Changsha. The activities of the Korean Provisional Government in Changsha received the warm help and selfless support of the Hunan provincial government at that time. Nanmu hall not only became the residence of Kim Jeou, but also the residence of the headquarters of the Korean revolutionary party and the three parties of the Korean Recovery front. The Korean Recovery front was originally composed of the Korean revolutionary party, the Korean Independent Party and the Korean Kuomintang. The three party Presidents were Li Qingtian, Zhao suang and Kim Jeou. The three parties merged into the KMT, with Kim as chairman. During the meeting, Jin Jiu was stabbed and killed by a traitor from South Korea and rescued. In the winter of 1938, when the war approached Changsha, Jin Jiu and other South Korean intellectuals left Changsha and soon moved to Chongqing. In July 2001, a visiting delegation organized by the office of the national newspaper of Korea paid a special visit to the site of the Korean Provisional Government in Xiyuan Beili and the site of the former residence of Kim Jeou and the former meeting place of the three parties at No. 6 nanmu hall.

True Jesus Church

Located at no.l9 Chaozong street, Changsha branch Church of True Jesus church is the second batch of modern protective buildings in Changsha. It is well preserved. The two-story church was built in 1924, with a building area of about 1000 square meters. It has a clear green brick exterior wall with boundary markers on both sides of the front. On the left side, the church at the entrance of chaozongli has a stone tablet of "Jesus lane". The main body is a two slope roof, with square granite columns supporting the tall hall, wooden stairs and floors, and half arched doors and windows. The interior details are a combination of Chinese and Western characteristics. “