Yan Xun's view

Yan Xun's view

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Yan Xun Guan (1724-1768), a native of Changyi, Shandong Province. He was a famous Neo Confucianist, educator and poet in Qing Dynasty. In the seventh year of Qianlong (1742), Yan Xunguan was only 18 years old when he passed the examination. Later, he taught in Lutai Academy. Yan Xun Guan has made great contributions to the development of Lutai Academy for more than 20 years. In 1769, Yan Xun Guan died of illness at the age of 45. After his death, Han Mengzhou continued to teach in Lutai Academy. Later generations called Yan Xun Guan and Han Meng Zhou "the two great Confucians of shanzuo".

Lutai Academy

Lutai Academy was built by Liu Yingjie, a Jinshi of Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Qianlong and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, it can be regarded as one of the most famous academies in Qilu. It is located in the beautiful east foot of Fuyan in Weifang City, which belongs to laowei county. The Academy got its name from Lutai. Lu Tai is said to be the tomb of Sun Hong, Duke of Han Dynasty. It is about 7 meters high and covers an area of more than 400 square meters. At dusk, it seems that I am in the fairyland of Yaotai. In Tainan, there is a poem stele named autumn moon at Lutai by Zhang Qiyan, the number one scholar of Yuan Dynasty. Autumn moon at Lu Tai was one of the eight scenic spots in Weizhou in Yuan Dynasty.

As Fuyan mountain is located between the three political centers of guyingqiu, Pingshou and Xiami, it has been a treasure mountain resort for Beihai scholars to cultivate their moral character and study and discuss scriptures since ancient times.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Yan Xun Guan went to Lutai academy to study and give lectures. Here, Yan Xun Guan became a generation of cultural celebrities. It can be said that Lutai academy created Yan Xun Guan's fame, and Yan Xun Guan built Lutai academy into a famous university inside and outside the province.

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The 22nd year of Qianlong reign

In the spring of 1757, the Ministry of rites held an examination in Beijing. Yan Xun Guan came to Beijing from Lutai Academy for examination. In this examination, Lu Wenchang, a Bachelor of the Imperial Academy, was appointed as a marking officer in 1742. When he was assigned to Yan Xun Guan's paper, he found that the article was simple and mellow, which was extraordinary. All the reviewers passed on the paper with admiration. So Lu recommended the paper to Liu Tongxun (from Zhucheng, the father of Liu Yong), the chief examiner of the examination, and tried to recommend it as the first place. But Liu Tongxun did not adopt it. Lu Wenchen went to the court again and argued with Liu Tongxun: "we should not lose this rare talent." However, Liu Tongxun still did not pay attention to this Shandong fellow's paper. After the ranking was confirmed, the other branch school officials had already retired. Lu felt very sorry and began to cry bitterly. This event caused a great sensation in Hanlin Academy. Lu Wenhuo also got the nickname of "Baojing Sir". In order to remember this incident, Lu Wenzhen named his hall "Baojing hall". He carefully collated tens of thousands of volumes of books, and then still kept them in this famous "Baojing hall".

Although Yan Xun Guan failed in the examination, his literary name spread in the capital. Yan Xun Guan, who suffered a great blow, never intended to take the imperial examination and continued to lecture with his disciples in Lutai Academy.

The 23rd year of Qianlong

In 1758, the second year of Qianlong's reign, Yan Xun Guan proposed to expand the academy and build ten South rooms and three East rooms, which could accommodate more than 100 students. The academy also set up dozens of mu of school land to meet the needs of poor students. In the year of poor harvest, teachers and students made a living with soybeans, sweet potatoes and vines harvested in the school field.

Lutai academy is not only an educational and teaching institution, but also a place for academic research. Besides "four books" and "Five Classics", the works of Neo Confucianists in song and Ming Dynasties are also important reading materials of academies. The teaching activities of Yan Xun Guan and his disciples are also their research results. Yan Xun Guan wrote one volume of Shangshu Duji, one volume of Chunqiu Yide, four volumes of Xijian Caotang poetry anthology and four volumes of qiongmianzhai private records. All these works were included in Sikuquanshu, which established his position as the main representative of Shandong Neo Confucianism.

Under the influence of Yan Xun's view, Weixian scholars such as Han Mengzhou and Liu Yigui, Changle scholars such as Yan Xunzhong and Yan xueyin also successively studied and taught in Lutai academy, and achieved the final results. Yan Xun Guan, Han Meng Zhou and Liu Yi GUI, with their achievements in Confucianism, were included in the biography of scholars in the history of Qing Dynasty.

The academy also established a "lecture" system, allowing different schools to give lectures to each other, combining teaching activities with academic activities in the society, thus expanding the scope of teaching, enriching the teaching content and improving the teaching level.

At the time of the lecture, there were countless people from all over the province. For example, after the entrance examination of Jinshi, the official went to the zongrenfu to inherit, Shuntian to study politics, and the left Deputy censor of duchayuan; after the entrance examination of Jinshi, the official went to the assistant bachelor, Xianfeng emperor's mentor, Binzhou Du Shoutian and his son; and then the famous assistant Bachelor of Weixian, Chen Guanjun, and so on. Because of the Academy's active academic thought and outstanding teaching achievements, the imperial court sent envoys and Shandong academic politics to Lutai to select talents, and Lutai academy provided a large number of talents for the imperial court.

The thirty first year of Qianlong

In 1766, under the advice of others, Yan Xun Guan went to Beijing to take the HKCEE. This year, it happened that Lu Wenzhen was still a branch officer. At the time of unveiling the list, Liu Yinyu, the Chamberlain, came to the ninth place. He found that it was Yan Xun Guan, and excitedly said to everyone, "Yan Xun Guan, for whom Lu was holding tears, won the exam this time. We can applaud him!" There was a round of applause in the hall.

According to convention, the top ten new Jinshi were received by the emperor. The ninth Jinshi in Yan Xun Guan's examination was naturally received by the emperor. After Emperor Qianlong inquired about his family background, he learned that Yan Shisheng, the great grandfather of Yan Xun Guan, had been the crown prince's lecturer during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and had been a teacher for Emperor Yongzheng; Yan Yu, the grandfather of Yan Xun Guan, had been the head of the Work Department; Yan Xun Guan's subordinate brother was Yan Xunqi, the second grade senior official of the work department, who was highly valued by the emperor. Emperor Qianlong admired the new Jinshi very much and ordered him to be the head of kaogong Department of the Ministry of official affairs. This is an important position for the central government to investigate cadres. During his reign, Yan Xunguan strictly demanded that he "carefully check the proportion of everything, make reasonable decisions according to the actual situation, and then make a final decision. He would never go with the flow.". He is very honest and clean. When he is on a business trip, he "brings his own wheat cake" to prevent "misusing the food". Of course, his practices did not conform to the social atmosphere at that time. After only three years as an official, he returned because of illness. After returning home, he returned to Lutai academy to continue his beloved teaching and writing work.

anecdote

Pure Confucianism and modesty

Mr. Yan huaiting studied the classics and thought hard. After reading Huang Ji Jing Shi, I found that my tongue and lips were bloody, but I didn't realize it. And open-minded, but not enough. In the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, I did not take the examination. I gave it to the same house. After stealing it, I got to meet my ancestors. I was lucky to ask for help. As soon as Mr. Nai finished his first art, he was ready to accept the quality in his hands. He was sincere and courteous. He forgot his inferiority. When he saw something, he pointed out that he had to go. After a few changes, I came back to inquire, but I was still not satisfied. I went for a few moments to write a new art. His modesty and sincerity come from nature, which makes people feel proud and impatient. To see the flaunt of the people, a little inch long, often show off, arrogant, how the measurement is different! (Volume 3 of Shan Keji's Zai an Bi Wen)

Related works

In addition to the collection of ten volumes of Yan Xun Guan's works in Sikuquanshu, his articles are also recorded in Xijian Zhiyi, the Analects of Confucius, Mao shiduji, biographies of celebrities and anecdotal essays.

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