Shimen National Forest Park

Shimen National Forest Park is an ecological forest park integrating natural landscape, cultural landscape and forest health care functions. Tiantangding, 1210 meters above sea level, is the highest mountain in Guangzhou. Shimen National Forest Park is surrounded by clear water, green island is like shade, green peaks and mountains, gorge is thousand, green water and green mountains are shining together, so it has the reputation of "paradise".

Shimen National Forest Park

Shimen National Forest Park was established on the basis of the state-owned Dalingshan Forest Farm established in 1960. In 1995, Shimen National Forest Park was established with the approval of the Ministry of forestry of China, which is the first international forest bathing place approved by the former Ministry of forestry..

Shimen National Forest Park is located in the northeast of Conghua City, Guangdong Province, with a total area of 2636 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 98.9%. In the park, there are only 16000 mu of original secondary forest in South China, which is called an oasis of Tropic of cancer. Tiantangding, 1210 meters above sea level, is the highest mountain in Guangzhou. Due to its subtropical climate, the annual average temperature is 21.4 ℃, the average maximum temperature from July to August is 28.5 ℃, and the average minimum temperature from January to February is 12.4 ℃.

Shimen National Forest Park has five scenic spots, including pastoral scenic area, Shimen scenic area, Shizao scenic area, tiantangding scenic area, and Canyon exploration area. There are more than 50 scenic spots, including towering Shimen, Acacia ancient banyan, Shimen Xiangxue, sanxianhui paradise, Shizao Tianchi, Shizao floating smoke, colorful clouds, Cyprinus slate, immortal pushing mill, Shengu fanyin, Hushen ancient temple, ancient turret, and great lying statue A little bit of landscape.

Construction history

Shimen National Forest Park was established on the basis of the state-owned Dalingshan Forest Farm established in 1960. In 1995, Shimen National Forest Park was established with the approval of the Ministry of forestry of the people's Republic of China. It is the first international forest bathing beach established with the approval of the former Ministry of forestry. In the same year, Guangzhou Shimen Forest Park Comprehensive Development Co., Ltd. was jointly established with Wuhan Huijiang Real Estate Co., Ltd. to carry out the development and construction of the forest park. A total of more than 10 million yuan has been invested to pave 5 km of cement pavement and 22 km of gravel pavement, which basically leads to the main scenic spots. Two hotels, one restaurant, park archway, office and staff dormitory have been built. However, due to the shortage of construction funds, the construction of Forest Park has been stagnant, and the infrastructure construction is slow.

In 2001, the forest farm began to invest in the construction of roads inside the park, building 13.3 km of high-grade forest roads, which are 3.0 km long from the branch road of Tangzi work area, and 10.3 km long from the branch road of Tangzi work area to Longmen Ao work area of Shizao. 13.5 km of gravel road will be built. There is a 6-meter-wide concrete road from the forest park to Taoyuan town. There is no public bus for the forest park, only the bus for the field department to pick up workers.

natural environment

geographical position

Shimen National Forest Park is located in the northeast of Conghua City, Guangdong Province, at 23 ′ 27 ″ N and 113 ′ 45 ″ e. it is connected with Nankunshan Nature Reserve in the East, Conghua Hot Spring Scenic Spot in the west, Guangzhou Pumped Storage Power Station and Liuxihe National Forest Park in the north.

topographic features

The geological structure of Shimen National Forest Park is located in the structural unit of the central Guangdong depression in the South China fold system. It is the junction of Nankun mountain and Qingyun Mountain in the south of Jiulian mountains. There are mainly three geomorphic types: middle mountain, low mountain and hill. The mountains are mainly formed by the uplift of Himalayan movement and neotectonic movement since the tertiary. Among them, there are dozens of peaks above 800m above sea level, and the highest peak is tiantangding at 1210m above sea level. Because the development process of the mountain is controlled by the geological structure, the main structural features are ne, EW and NW. The alignment of the leading Valley is basically consistent with the direction of the structural line, forming a steep valley landscape.

The parent rock of Forest Park Mountain is mainly granite, followed by sandstone, shale and metamorphic rock, and a small amount of volcanic rock. From the hills and ridges of 270m above sea level in the west to the northeast, North and Southeast, it gradually rises to the low mountains of 800m and the ridges of 800-1100m. The middle Valley is narrow, and the relative elevation of the mountains on both sides is 200-400m, with a slope of more than 25 degrees. Therefore, the terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, surrounded by mountains in the north, East and south.

Climatic characteristics

The forest park is located in the northern edge of the Tropic of cancer, belonging to the south subtropical monsoon climate type. Affected by the monsoon, it is characterized by cool summer and warm winter, abundant light energy and abundant rainfall.

The annual average temperature of Forest Park is 21.40c. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of 12.40 C and the extreme minimum temperature is - 70 C; the hottest month is July with an average temperature of 28.50 C and the extreme maximum temperature of 38.10 C. The annual average illumination hours are 1774.2 hours, and the monthly average oral illumination hours are about 170 hours, with the highest from July to October. The precipitation is abundant, with an annual average of 1800mm. The main precipitation season is from May to August, which is good for the growth of plants. The main disastrous weather is low temperature, mainly from May to August.

natural resources

plant resources

Forest resources

Shimen National Forest Park has 16000 mu of original secondary forest well preserved in South China, which is called an oasis of Tropic of cancer. Tiantangding, 1210 meters above sea level, is the highest mountain in Guangzhou.

In addition, there is a complete top forest community of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, a unique natural sparrow community in China, and the largest safflower lotus forest community in Guangdong.

vegetation

The vegetation of Shimen National Forest Park belongs to the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone in China's vegetation division. However, because the temperature of Shimen National Forest Park is lower than the surrounding area, especially in winter, there will be low temperature phenomenon, so there are many deciduous broad-leaved forests or evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests. In addition, there are evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain top dwarf forest, subtropical coniferous forest and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest.

Plant species

Shimen National Forest Park has a well preserved 1 066.67 hectare primary secondary forest, which contains 1096 species of vascular plants belonging to 599 genera and 181 families, accounting for 64.6%, 36.4% and 15.5% of the 7055 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 1 645 genera and 280 families in Guangdong Province, and 71.0% of the 3338 species of vascular plants belonging to 1 277 genera and 255 families in Guangzhou, 9% and 32. 8%, of which 106 species belong to 55 genera and 33 families of sugarcane, 8 species belong to 6 genera and 5 families of gymnosperms, and 983 species belong to 538 genera and 143 families of angiosperms. Among these plants, there are 10 species of wild plants under state key protection and 9 species of rare and endangered plants; There are 717 kinds of medicinal plants, 377 kinds of ornamental plants, 176 kinds of timber species, 106 kinds of fiber plants, 101 kinds of oil plants, 83 kinds of fruit plants, 72 kinds of boot material plants, 66 kinds of poisonous plants, 56 kinds of feed plants, 52 kinds of aromatic plants, 43 kinds of pesticide plants, 41 kinds of wild vegetables, 32 kinds of health drink plants, 31 kinds of starch plants, etc. These plant resources, especially the ornamental plant resources, have high economic, ecological and social benefits. They are the most valuable natural wealth of Shimen National Forest Park, and are worthy of good protection and rational development and utilization

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Animal resources

There are more than 20 precious animals, such as pheasant, python, otter, pangolin, silver pheasant and kitten. There are only 16000 mu of primary secondary forest in South China

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Water body

Shimen National Forest Park is rich in hydrological resources, with 5 reservoirs, covering an area of 59 hectares. Forest Park reservoirs are baimangtan reservoir, Datianchi reservoir, Xiaotianchi reservoir, xiaoxianchi reservoir and Lianhua Lake reservoir. The total reservoir capacity of the park is 1461000 cubic meters, which is mainly used for water storage and power generation. Baimangtan river is the only river in the park, which originates at the foot of tiantangding mountain, with a total length of 6.3km. The streams in the park are clear, with large drop in some areas, forming a multi-level waterfall, which is magnificent

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soil

Due to the change of Geology and geomorphology, the soils in the park are divided into mountain red soil, mountain red soil, mountain yellow soil and mountain meadow soil. Red soil is mainly distributed in low mountains and hills below 400m altitude; red soil is mainly distributed in low mountains above 400-800m altitude; yellow soil is mainly distributed in mountains above 800m altitude; a small amount of mountain meadow soil is mainly distributed in mountains above 1100m altitude

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Scenic spots

Shimen National Forest Park has five scenic spots, including pastoral scenic area, Shimen scenic area, Shizao scenic area, tiantangding scenic area and Canyon exploration area, including more than 50 scenic spots, such as towering Shimen, Acacia ancient banyan, Shimen Xiangxue, sanxianhui paradise, Shizao Tianchi, Shizao floating smoke, colorful clouds, carp slate, immortal pushing mill, Shengu fanyin, Hushen ancient temple, ancient turret and great lying statue places of historic figures and cultural heritage.

Shimen Scenic Area

Shimen