Zhao Bingwen

Zhao Bingwen

Zhao Bingwen (1159-1232 ad, June 2) was named Zhou Chen. He was named Xianxian Jushi. Later, he was named Xianxian old man. He was born in Fuyang, Cizhou (now Cixian County, Hebei Province). Poets of Jin Dynasty.

In the 25th year of Dading reign of emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty, he was a Jinshi and transferred to Ansai. Li Ping, the governor of Dingzhou, was a broad and simple official. LiBai, Minister of rites. Jin AI Zong ascended the throne, changed to be an academician, and also studied national history. In the Five Dynasties, he regarded himself as a poor scholar, and he never abandoned his book in a day. Jiguan to Zishan doctor, shanghujun, Tianshui County marquis. He died of illness in the ninth year of Zhengda at the age of 74.

Yuan Haowen said that his "seven character long poem style is vertical and unrestrained. Most of the poems are close style. To five words, it is gloomy and frustrated, like Ruan Sizong; true, pure and ancient, like Tao Yuanming. He was able to write poems and essays. He wrote more about natural scenery and cursive calligraphy. He was the author of the collection of essays about the idle old man.

Life of the characters

Zhao Bingwen (1159-1232) is a poet of Jin Dynasty. Zhouju word, No. "leisure elderly", Cizhou Fuyang (now Hebei Cixian) people. In the 25th year of Dading (1185), Emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty ascended to Jinshi. In the first year of Xingding (1217), Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty paid homage to the Minister of rites, served as a bachelor, studied the history of the state, and learned the affairs of Jixian Academy.

Jin AI Zong ascended the throne and became an academician. Zhao Bingwen was studious by nature. He was well-known for his poetry, calligraphy and painting. The philosophical thoughts expressed in his prose are mainly Neo Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu, advocating the theory of benevolence, righteousness, morality and life. Most of the poems are about natural scenery, and they are good at cursive writing. Their works are collected works of the idle old man.

Zhao Bingwen is as famous as his contemporaries in calligraphy as Dang huaiying, Wang Tingyun and Zhao Wei. However, in his early years, Zhao Bingwen adopted Wang Tingyun, who was only eight years older than him. Wang Tingyun is Mi Fu's nephew, about "close to the water, you get the moon first". He is a calligrapher of Mi Fu, and he is very beautiful. At that time, people even praised Wang Tingyun's calligraphy as "not under Mi Yuanzhang".

Historical records

Zhao Bingwen, Zhou Chen, was born in Fuyang, Cizhou. When you are young, reading is like learning. In the 25th year of Deng Dading's reign as a Jinshi emperor, he transferred ansaibo to Handan and then to Tangshan. Ding Fu worry, with the recommender from Nanjing Road transport division all hook judge. In the sixth year of the Ming Dynasty, he was supposed to write in the Imperial Academy and know how to make a patent. It is said in the letter that the Prime Minister Xu Zhiguo should be dismissed, and the imperial family's chastity can be greatly used. Zhang zongzhao asked, and his words were quite different, so he ordered him to know the family paste in Daxing Prefecture. Bingwen initially refused to speak, heckled his servants and counted his friends. Bingwen then said, "if you want to speak at first, you can have a private discussion with Wang Tingyun, Yushi Zhou ang, Shi panbao, Zheng zandao and Gao tan." Ting Yun and others all went to prison, but the penalty was not good. There is a secretary on Bingwen written arrogance, the law should be pursued solution, do not want to speak to the sinner, so special immunity Yan. At that time, it was said: "in ancient times, there was Zhu Yun. Today, there is Bingwen. Zhu Yun climbs the threshold and Bingwen climbs the people." There is no shame in the scholar bureaucrats. Sit is a long time waste, later for the same know Kelan Junzhou things, transfer to Beijing Road Transport Department zhidu judge.

In the winter and October of the fifth year of Cheng'an, when it was cloudy and gloomy, the prime minister Zhang Wangong came to the court and said to Wan Gong, "it's very reasonable for you to say that the sky is dark and the sky is dark. If Zhao Bingwen had been able to give advice and heard that he was talented and talented, and he was a man of letters, and he dared to speak up, I would not have abandoned him. I would like to take the military in the north as an example. "

In the second year of Taihe, he was called to the Ministry of household affairs and moved to the Imperial Academy to write. In October, he was the governor of ningbian Prefecture. Three years later, Dingzhou was leveled. The former government was strict with punishment. When it heard that amnesty was coming, the first thing to do was to forgive the thief for his death, and the more frequent the thief was. Bingwen for the government, a lenient Jane, Xu Yue stolen known screen trace. When he was hungry at the age of 20, he gave out his salary to encourage the people to give relief to the poor.

In the early days of Da'an, the northern soldiers headed south. They called for Bingwen to discuss the strategy of preparing for the border with Zhao Zidao. They said in classical Chinese: "today our army is gathering in Xuande, the city is small, and they are outside the camp. They are involved in the heat and rain, the equipment is weak, and the people are ill. When the enemy arrives in autumn, it will be disadvantageous. If we can send the linhuang army to smash its emptiness, then the siege of Shanxi can be solved, and the art of war says that "if we take it by surprise, we will save it." The king of Wei could not use it. He failed to use it in autumn. He was a doctor of the Ministry of war and a scholar of the Imperial Academy.

In the early days of Zhenyou, there were three suggestions on current affairs: first, moving the capital, second, guiding the river, and third, feudalism. It was carried out by the imperial court. Next year, Shangshu was willing to defend a broken state for the country to announce the intention of the imperial court to show respect to the people. He also said, "Your Majesty, don't say that scholars don't know the soldiers. Yan Zhenqing, Zhang Xun and Xu yuandai have given their lives to the country, and they are also scholars." He also said, "it is better for a minister to die and benefit the country than for a man to be useless." He said, "if you have a strong ambition, you can still uphold it. However, it's especially difficult for you to be in the Hanyuan square. You should be around the old scholars." no In the fourth year, he paid homage to the academician of Hanlin, and said: "the treasure certificate was blocked, the imperial court's initial discussion was changed, and the market had falsely spread that it was not used. Because of the suppression, it was gradually abandoned. Chen Yu thought that it was appropriate to set up a new business, and let the officials who were near the top of the rank and had access to the market take charge of it. He gave them silver banknotes, millet, wheat, silk and so on, and gave them the power to be humble and cashier. " The imperial edict was approved by the secretary.

In the first year of Xingding, he was transferred to serve as a bachelor. He was a minister of rites and also served as a bachelor. He studied the history of the country and knew the affairs of Jixian Academy. Next year, he learned to give tribute to Lu Ya, who was a Jinshi. He used rhyme and cut two levels to become an official. Since Taihe and Da'an in Jin Dynasty, the article of imperial examination has had many disadvantages. Gai Yousi only abides by the standard method, and his writings are vulgar and old-fashioned, which is only in accordance with the degree. If he is a little too steep, he will be dwarfed, so the style of writing will decline greatly. At the beginning of Zhenyou period, Li xianneng's Fu was promoted to the first place, though the rhyme was a little sparse and the words were quite beautiful. So they made a lot of noise and sued in Taiwan Province. They thought that Zhao Gong was bad at his style and wrote poems to slander him. Er Xian was able to reply to Zhonghong Ci and enter the Imperial Academy, but Bingwen offended him.

In the fifth year, he became the Minister of rites again, and entered Xie. He said: "Qing is high in spring and autumn, so it is necessary to reuse Qing for his articles." He is willing to open up loyal advice and wide holy consideration. Every time he enters, he should be calm and diligent. He should be cautious in military punishment. Therefore, he who prays for heaven's eternal life should be accepted. AI Zong ascended the throne and begged to become an official again, but he was not allowed to do so. He was a Bachelor of Hanlin, a fellow scholar of national history, and a storyteller of the political Academy. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, he went to Wuyi Zhijie, Zhenguan Zhengyao and Shenjian for his own benefit.

In the first month of the ninth year of Zhengda, Bianjing was under martial law. The emperor ordered Bingwen to be an amnesty text to announce repentance and sorrow. The words are full of emotion. When the soldiers retreated, the minister wanted to congratulate them and ordered them to express his wishes. Today's gardens and mausoleums are like this. If you drink them with courtesy, you should be comforted rather than congratulated. " So it was. I'm old, and I'm worried about current affairs. I can't forget it. Every news can be convenient for the people, a person can be promoted, big is to worship the rules, small is to be the leader of the speech, attentive and solemn, can't help. In March, the "Kaixing Gaiyuan imperial edict" was drafted, which can be read in the alleys. People in Luoyang cried bitterly after worshiping the imperial edict. It was Renchen (June 2, 1232) in May. He died at the age of 74. He was a senior official of Zishan, a senior guard and a Marquis of Tianshui county.

During the period of zhengdajian, he and Yang Yunyi wrote a book named Guijian wannianlu. And because of Jin, he and Yunyi Collected Ancient governance skills together, and named it junchenzhengyao as a part to Jin Yan. Bingwen never abandoned the book since he was young. He wrote ten volumes of Yi Cong Shuo, one volume of doctrine of the mean, one volume of Yangzi Fawei, six volumes of taixuan jianzan, one volume of Wenzi Lei Shuo, one volume of Nanhua lueshi, one volume of Liezi Buzhu, and deleted ten volumes of the Analects of Confucius, ten volumes of mengzijie, fifteen volumes of zixulu. His article number is thirty Volume.

Bingwen is good at discrimination. He is not constrained by the words. The style of the seven character long poem is vertical and unrestrained, the rhythm poem is magnificent, the small poem is exquisite, most of them are near style, but the five character ancient poem is gloomy. Calligraphy and painting are especially vigorous in cursive. The envoys from Zihe and Huanghe in the Dynasty often said that the Xia people asked Bingwen and Wang Tingyun about their daily life, which was emphasized by the four sides.

He is very honest and easy to be. He can't get along with others. He never claims to be famous. Official Five Dynasties, official six Qing, self-cultivation, such as a poor scholar. Yang Yunyi tasted and grasped the literary handle in the Wendai Dynasty, when he was called "Yang Zhao". However, in his later years, he used Zen language to pollute himself, and people thought that Bingwen hated Yun.

The history of the Jin Dynasty praises Yang Yunyi and Zhao Bingwen, the great masters of the Jin Dynasty, whose literary and ink discussions and political affairs are well-known. Yun Yi admonished song Yishu. Although Xuanzong didn't hear it, he felt ashamed. Tingyun's tired, Bingwen's behavior, this matter is greatly shamed Gao Yun.

Personal achievement

literature

Zhao Bingwen had "Five Dynasties and six Princes", and the imperial edicts, volumes, tables, and the national documents of song and Xia were mostly his own. The Kaixing Gaiyuan imperial edict, which he drafted, could be read in every lane at that time. He has a wide range of knowledge, such as Yicong Shuo, Zhongyong Shuo, Yangzi Fawei, taixuan jianzan, Wenzi Lei Shuo, Nanhua Xiaoshi, Liezi Buzhu, etc., and is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. Liu Qi, a man of the Jin Dynasty, called him "the most diligent in calligraphy and painting, followed by poetry and prose.". His poems mostly describe natural scenery, and Yuan Haowen said that his "seven character long poem style is vertical and unrestrained. Most of the poems are close style. To five words, it is gloomy and frustrated, like Ruan Sizong; true, pure and ancient, like Tao Yuanming. After 40 years in the literary world, he became the "leader of literati" at the end of Jin Dynasty. In his later years, when the Jin Dynasty was in decline and chaos, he used Zen to seek solace. There is an anthology of the idle old man's Gushui, and another Anthology of daodezhenjing is included in daozang.

Calligraphy

Zhao Bingwen is as famous as his contemporaries in calligraphy as Dang huaiying, Wang Tingyun and Zhao Wei. However, in his early years, Zhao Bingwen adopted Wang Tingyun, who was only eight years older than him.

Liu Qi's "guiqian Zhi" says: "Zhao Bingwen's poetry and calligraphy in his childhood are both methodical (Wang Tingyun), and later he learned from Li Taibai and Su Dongpo. His calligraphy is also a combination of ancient and modern schools, and his calligraphy in his later years has made great progress. The poem was written in the style of the Tang Dynasty. Kui ran was the leader of the literati for a time, and he called himself Xianxian Ju Shi Yun. "

Yuan Haowen's Zhongzhou collection said Zhao Bingwen: "gongshuhan, calligraphy and painting have the style of Wei and Jin Dynasties, especially cursive.". Zhao Bingwen appreciated Huang Tingjian's cursive script very much. He said in the selected cursive script of Fu Weng: "Fu Weng Shen