Lushun museum is a combination of Lushun zoo, Lushun botanical garden and Lushun Museum. It was founded in 1917 and is now a historical and artistic museum of Dalian. There are nearly 100000 pieces in the museum, including bronzes, Xinjiang cultural relics, ceramics and other fine works, as well as some rare foreign cultural relics. Among them, the Indian Gandhara stone carving art is the only collection in China, which is very attractive. At the same time, Lushun museum is also one of the large-scale garden museums in China. There are many precious trees in the museum, which have been visited by many state leaders.
Lushun Museum
Lushun museum is located at 42 Lenin street, Lushunkou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province. It is located in the center of taiyanggou historical scenic spot, a famous tourist attraction in Dalian. In April 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), the museum officially opened.
In May 2006, Lushun museum was listed as "national key cultural relics protection unit" by the State Council and the State Administration of cultural relics. On May 18, 2008, it was rated as the first batch of "national first-class museums" by the State Administration of cultural relics, and it is also the only national first-class Museum in Dalian as of 2014.
In 2014, Lushun Museum has more than 60000 cultural relics, including more than 200 first-class cultural relics. More precious are: Bronze Lu Ding, with 5 lines and 44 characters on the bottom.
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Historical evolution
On November 26, 1915 (the fourth year of the Republic of China), the "property exhibition office" was established. It contains books and cultural relics. The site was originally Lushun branch of the Bank of Russia.
On November 22, 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), a new museum site was opened in Songshu town. The cultural relics in the "property exhibition center" were moved in, and the "property exhibition center" was changed to "Manchu and Mongolian property Museum of Guandong dudufu". This site was historically known as "reference department", "archaeological Department" and "branch library".
On April 1, 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), "Manchu and Mongolian products Museum of Guandong dududu mansion" was opened to the public. In the same year, the construction of the main museum building was started on the basis of the former tsarist Russia's proposed "Army General Assembly Center".
On April 1, 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), the name of the museum was changed to "Guandong dududufu Museum". On November 6, the main building of the museum was basically completed, and the site of the museum was moved to.
On April 12, 1919 (the eighth year of the Republic of China), the name of the museum was changed to "Guandong Hall Museum" because of the restructuring of the governor's office.
In November 1925 (the fourteenth year of the Republic of China), the cultural relics of the branch library were moved to the main building, and the branch library was changed into the library of the museum.
On December 26, 1934, the name of the museum was changed to Lushun Museum.
In October 1945, Lushun museum was renamed "Lushun Oriental Culture Museum".
On January 29, 1951, the Soviet government transferred the management of the Lushun Oriental Culture Museum and its affiliated zoo to the Chinese government. On August 30, Dalian working people's historical and cultural exhibition hall was opened in Lushun Oriental Culture Museum.
In December 1952, the name of the museum was changed to "Lushun historical and cultural museum".
On April 1, 1954, Guo Moruo wrote that the name of the museum was changed to "Lushun Museum".
On May 1, 1972, the Lushun museum was reopened after the cultural revolution, and its basic display was "special exhibition of historical relics".
In October 1999, Lushun Museum implemented the overall renovation project, which merged the botanical garden, half of the zoo and Lushun Museum Park. The park was expanded to 150000 square meters, and the main building was fully repaired.
In April 2001, the branch of Lushun museum was completed and opened. The basic exhibitions are "Dalian ancient civilization" and "special exhibition of foreign cultural relics".
In May 2008, Lushun museum was awarded the first batch of "national first-class museums" by the State Administration of cultural relics.
In December 2012, the new modern cultural relics warehouse of Lushun museum was completed and passed the acceptance.
In 2014, Lushun museum was awarded "Liaoning science and technology popularization base" by Liaoning science and technology department.
Main buildings
Main hall
Special exhibition of historical relics is the basic system of the main exhibition hall of Lushun Museum. Relying on the rich and distinctive collection, taking ancient bronze as the opening part of the exhibition, eight special topics including ancient lacquerware, ancient enamel ware, ancient jade ware, ancient ceramics of three East Asian countries, mummies of Xinjiang mummies, ancient calligraphy and painting, ancient inkstone, ancient Buddhist statues of China and ancient Chinese currency are displayed throughout the year. The exhibition is mainly based on natural lighting, with auxiliary facilities such as voice guide and multimedia inquiry.
Branch Library
The branch library was officially opened to the public in May 2001. The first floor is the three exhibition rooms of Dalian ancient civilization, and the second floor is the exhibition of Chinese culture and Silk Road cultural relics. All the exhibition halls are mainly closed exhibition environment and artificial lighting, taking into account the safety protection of all kinds of cultural relics, so as to fully serve the academic speeches and live demonstrations in the exhibition process.
Former site of the headquarters of the Kwantung Army
The earliest site of the headquarters of the Kwantung Army is located in the taiyanggou scenic spot in Lushun. The building is of modern Russian style. The main body is a two-and-a-half-story masonry wood frame structure, with a construction area of 2602 square meters and an attached area of 94 square meters. The main building looks like a rectangular fortress.
Sino Soviet friendship tower
The base of the tower is made of granite, which is square, 22 meters long and 22 meters wide. For the double platform, surrounded by stone railings, four steps. In the lower part of the 12 corner tower, there are 20 statues of the people of China and the Soviet Union with different expressions, which are 1.2 meters high. The tip of the tower is carved with a blooming lotus flower, holding the emblem of Sino Soviet friendship and a flying pigeon, symbolizing the friendship between China and the Soviet Union and the great unity of the two peoples. Around the tower are 78 evergreen cypresses.
Collection
overview
In 2014, Lushun Museum has more than 60000 cultural relics, including more than 200 first-class cultural relics. More precious are: Bronze Lu Ding, with 5 lines and 44 characters on the bottom. "Lu" refers to Marquis Kou Lu, King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty; Horseshoe gold of the Western Han Dynasty; and "bamboo and stone painting" of Liu Bingqian of the Yuan Dynasty. There are also nine mummies and silk fabrics, silk paintings, pottery figurines, coins and other Han and Tang cultural relics unearthed in Xinjiang from the southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, as well as foreign cultural relics such as Indian Gandhara stone carvings and Japanese paintings.
The collection of Lushun museum is mainly composed of archaeological relics unearthed in Dalian, cultural relics in Xinjiang and historical and artistic relics handed down from home and abroad. It has formed a collection system with unique collection of fine arts of past dynasties, rich categories of cultural relics and distinctive characteristics of cultural relics in different regions. The collection covers 20 categories, including archaeology, bronzes, ceramics, oracle bones, jade, lacquerware, enamel ware, calligraphy and painting, epitaphs, Buddhist statues, bamboo and wood ivory carvings, Xinjiang cultural relics, foreign cultural relics and currency.
Among them, calligraphy and painting, Xinjiang cultural relics, Gandhara art in India, bronze wares of Shang and Zhou dynasties recorded in three generations of auspicious inscriptions by Luo Zhenyu and collected ancient remains of zhensongtang are the most distinctive and influential.
bronzeware
The bronzes collected in Lushun museum have an important position at home and abroad. The time span from Shang Dynasty to Liao and Jin Dynasties. There are many kinds of bronzes, such as weapons, ritual, musical instruments, water and miscellaneous utensils. Many bronzes have inscriptions on them, such as the bell of Luoyang military Treasury, ran Zheng, Fu Yi, Fu Xin, Lu Ding, etc. In particular, the inscriptions on the tripod of Daliang, guobozhen and wujinquan in the 26th year of the first emperor all have exact dates, which can not only prove the lack of ancient history and make up for the missing historical books, but also have important value for the study of history and language from Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Qin and Han Dynasties.
Calligraphy and painting works
The collection of calligraphy and painting works is unique. Liu Bingqian's bamboo and stone painting of the Yuan Dynasty uses the double hook technique to draw bamboo with vigorous strokes, and the title is "Zhizheng Yiwei (1355) chunshouyang, Liu Bingqian's work was written by Keming Weixian." However, Liu Bingqian and his works are not seen in the history of painting. The painting of bamboo and stone is handed down from generation to generation, which is precious for the study of Yuan Dynasty painting. There are many famous calligraphers and painters in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are many schools of art. The works of the representatives of each school are collected in the museum. It is worth mentioning that many of them are old collections of Qing palace. For example, the painting of Qing Yuan by Shen Gu in Ming Dynasty and the image of Laozi by Wen Zhengming
Tang Yin, Wang Hui of Qing Dynasty, shangrui, etc. Emperor Kangxi's postscript "preface to Lanting" and postscript "stele of Cao'e" as well as the ink works of Lin Wang Xizhi, Mi Fu, Su Shi, Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichang and other famous calligraphers are precious historical materials for the study of the calligraphy history of Qing Dynasty.
Xinjiang cultural relics
Xinjiang cultural relics are a major feature of the collection. Its contents include silk painting, sutra writing, Scripture printing, documents, prints, murals, seals, wooden wares, silk fabrics, clay sculptures, painted Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and mummies. Among these collections, there are a large number of Buddhist cultural relics, including miaofe Lotus Sutra, Daban Nirvana Sutra and Buddhist scriptures in Sanskrit, Uighur, Khotan, and tuhuoluo. Among them, the fragments of the Dharma Sutra from the fifth to the sixth century are the oldest Sanskrit version of the Dharma Sutra known in the world, and the collection of Buddhist scriptures is the earliest version of the Buddhist Sutra in China.
academic research
research findings
Comprehensive scientific research on cultural relics collected in Lushun Museum
Chinese PinYin : Lv Shun Bo Wu Guan
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