Foshan ancestral temple was first built in the Northern Song Dynasty (1078-1085 AD). At that time, it was called Zutang and Beidi temple. In the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Lingying temple. It was a temple dedicated to Emperor Xuantian in the north of Dao. During the song and Yuan Dynasties, it was always a place for public discussion of ancestral temples in Foshan. The ancestral temple was burned at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty (1372). The ancestral temple is now composed of wanfutai, Lingying archway, jinxiangchi, Sanmen, front hall main hall, Qingzhen building and other buildings. Ceramic, wood carving, brick carving, gray sculpture and other techniques are used for architectural decoration. Foshan ancestral temple, Zhaoqing Yuecheng Longmu temple and Guangzhou Chenjiaci are known as the three treasures of Lingnan ancient architecture. In addition to the traditional Lingnan architectural decoration, the most attractive part of the ancestral temple is the exhibition of Foshan martial arts. The biographical materials of two martial arts masters collected in Yewen hall and Huang Feihong Memorial Hall attract many martial arts fans to visit.
Foshan Temple
Foshan ancestral temple, located in Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, was built in 1078-1085 of the Northern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in 1372 of the Ming Dynasty. By the early Qing Dynasty, it gradually became a temple building with complete system, rigorous structure and strong local characteristics. The ancestral temple worshipped the God of Taoism.
In 1899, the ancestral temple was overhauled, forming today's ancestral temple complex. Among them, the Confucius Temple was built in 1911, the third year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty. It is now a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national AAAA tourist attraction, a patriotism education base in Guangdong Province, a Chinese culture inheritance base in Guangdong Province, and one of the ten civilized tourist attractions in Guangdong Province.
In the main hall of the ancestral temple, there are many precious works of art, such as 70 pieces of 30 kinds of weapons, bronze wall and iron wall guard of honor, 1.31-meter-diameter giant bronze mirror, large bronze tripod, bronze bell and incense burner. There are big iron tripod, iron tripod, iron painting and so on.
In the ancestral temple of Foshan, there are stone tablets, stone animals and steles in Ming and Qing Dynasties, chess in Tang Dynasty, Yangwen in Chan City, and copies beside the stone tablets. The reconstructed ceramic tile ridge, a large number of gold and wood carving building components, large-scale iron casting warrior standing statue, iron casting auspicious beast, iron gun and so on. These exhibits reflect the superb technology of Chan City in Ming and Qing Dynasties. No wonder, some foreign friends who came to visit hailed the ancestral temple as "the palace of oriental folk art".
Introduction to ancestral temple
Foshan ancestral temple is today's Foshan Ancestral Temple Museum, located at No. 21, zumiao Road, Chancheng District, covering an area of 30200 square meters. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit, a national AAAA tourist attraction, a patriotism education base in Guangdong Province, a Chinese cultural heritage base in Guangdong Province, and one of the ten civilized tourist attractions in Guangdong Province.
The ancestral temple museum is a folk custom museum integrating the ancient architectural art of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the traditional culture of Foshan. The area under its jurisdiction includes ancestral temple ancient buildings, Confucius Temple, Huang Feihong memorial hall, Yewen hall, etc.
The ancestral temple is dedicated to the God of Taoism. It was built in 1078-1085 in Yuanfeng period of Northern Song Dynasty. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Temple was built in 1911 to honor Confucius in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is a cultural relic protection unit in Foshan City. The Huang Feihong Memorial Hall and Yewen hall were built in 2001 to commemorate the famous Foshan martial artists Huang Feihong and Yewen.
The cultural relics in the ancestral temple museum are mainly Taoist and Foshan folk cultural relics. Our museum displays Taoist culture, martial arts culture, Foshan folk art and other folk culture. Every year, we hold far-reaching folk cultural activities, such as praying for blessings in the Spring Festival, "the third of March" birthday of the northern emperor, drinking ceremony in the countryside, spring and autumn edicts. The museum has also held many folk culture dynamic exhibition activities such as "Confucius temple children's writing ceremony", "Huang Feihong lion dance performance" and "Cantonese opera performance" for many years. Through the introduction of high-grade and high-quality exhibitions, the exhibition resources are constantly enriched. As for academic research, in recent years, our library has published "center and symbol: history, art and society of Foshan ancestral temple", "Foshan ancestral temple", "ancient porcelain style" and "Legend of ancestral temple".
Historical evolution
The ancestral temple of Chancheng was built in Yuanfeng period of Northern Song Dynasty (1078-1085). At that time, it was called Zutang. In fact, it was the temple of the northern emperor. At that time, the Pearl River Delta was mostly a water town with many floods, and the northern emperor was the Legendary God of water control, so the northern emperor was worshipped as the protective god of the people of Chancheng. But in the Ming Dynasty, the ancestral temple was destroyed. In 1372, the ancestral temple was rebuilt.
In the 14th year of Zhengtong, the imperial court granted the ancestral hall Lingying temple and built Lingying memorial archway. Since then, the ancestral temple has changed from the place of folk sacrifice to the place of official sacrifice. In 1451, the ancestral temple, which became the place of official sacrifice, was expanded with the support of the imperial court, and a bronze statue of the northern emperor was made. Since then, the ancestral temple has begun to take shape.
In 1899, the rich people of Chan City donated money and materials to repair the ancestral temple for the first time. The ancestral temple still retains the artistic and architectural style of a hundred years ago. At that time, people from all walks of life donated their best things to the ancestral temple. Shiwan tile, the most famous handmade tile in Chan City at that time, was also placed on the roof of the ancestral temple. In the early 1970s, the brick and wood structure of Qingzhen building behind the hall of Lingying temple was changed into concrete structure. According to Mr. Liang Shiyu, who took part in the repair work at that time, it took more than 100 people to complete the repair work for more than a year.
In the 1970s, there was no Zen City Museum. Next to the ancestral temple are Guandi temple and Mazu temple. Later, they were demolished to build the Zen City Museum. Therefore, it is not accurate to use the concept of museum to evaluate the ancestral temple.
Foshan life
The God of the northern emperor worshipped in the ancestral temple is said to be the God of water in the north. He will be in charge of all the crayfish and crabs that make trouble. Because there were many floods in the Pearl River Delta during the Tang and Song Dynasties, the people of Chan City invited the northern emperor to sit in Chan City. Strange to say, since then, there has been no flood in the area of Chancheng. Cantonese have the concept of water as money, so the worship of the northern emperor has become a typical folk custom in the Pearl River Delta, which contains the good wishes of good weather and peace of the country.
People in Chancheng regard ancestral temple as a blessing temple. During traditional Chinese holidays, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid Autumn Festival, people in Chancheng and the Pearl River Delta will gather in the ancestral temple. They worship and pray, and make good wishes; they reflect and repent, and purify their hearts. We all feel that we will not be stable until we arrive at the ancestral temple. When we arrive at the ancestral temple, we will have a kind of balance and hope in our hearts, and then we will have a goal and motivation in our life.
So day after day, the days become more and more interesting The modern urban economy is rolling forward in the busy traffic No wonder people in Chancheng regard ancestral temple as their own root, source and even life. A friend of Chan City once told me a story: "during the cultural revolution, there was a wave of breaking the" four olds "all over the country. Many temples and precious cultural relics were destroyed in this catastrophe.
At that time, the red guards from other places set the ancestral temple of Chan City as the target of destruction. One morning, suddenly, a large number of people rushed to the ancestral temple with sticks. The red guards and the common people of Chan City got the news in advance and came to the gate of the ancestral temple early. They joined hands and united as one. They formed a human wall with their bodies and vowed to save the ancestral temple. The people who took part in the battle to defend the ancestral temple couldn't help crying when they mentioned it
It was so touching. Many people were beaten and bled all over, but no one retreated. At that time, there was a belief that life was not necessary and ancestral temples must not be lost. This story has touched me a lot, "480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, many buildings in the misty rain". There are countless temples in China. However, there are several temples that can occupy such a position in people's hearts. The ancestral temple is worthy of the title of "ancestor of ten thousand temples".
The life track of the people in Chan City is connected with the ancestral temple everywhere. When they visited the ancestral temple that day, they just caught up with the wedding ceremony of four couples in the ancestral temple. With the brides sitting in the red sedan chair, the bridegroom holding the sedan chair followed, the eight tone gongs and drums played, the big head Buddha opened the way, and the elder sister Da Yin accompanied them. Surrounded by the crowd, they entered the ancestral temple happily, and the wedding ceremony began. First, they went to the platform of blessings and worshipped heaven and earth and the high hall. Then the bride and groom hand in hand to make a wish at Lingying temple, together with the bride and groom to Jinxiang pool to throw stone carving turtles and snakes for blessing, to Huang Feihong memorial hall to watch the lion dance performance, and finally the host presents Wanfu wedding plaque to the bride and groom. In the meantime, a large number of viewers, journalists and photographers' long guns and short guns contributed to the atmosphere of the wedding. This kind of ceremony is common in ancestral temples. Many newlyweds have to take a group photo in front of the ancestral temple even if they don't have a wedding in the ancestral temple. This adds a lot of romantic atmosphere to the ancestral temple.
Folk deeds
After that, the newlyweds gave birth to a noble son and came to the ancestral temple to attend the opening ceremony as soon as they were old enough to go to school. The opening ceremony was held in the Confucius Temple in the southwest of the ancestral temple. It is said that with the aura of ancestral temple, Zen city's scholars ranked first in Guangdong in history. Until around the revolution of 1911, there were many talented people, including thinker Kang Youwei, father of railway Zhan Tianyou, novelist Wu Yanren, director of justice of Hong Kong, and Liang Aishi. They all grew up in the atmosphere of respecting Confucius in Zen city.
Since 1980, Zen city has become a new force in the national college entrance examination. The ancestral temple has set up a list of top students to encourage future generations to study hard, and a children's writing ceremony has been held here. The beginning of a pen is a symbol of Chinese traditional culture for children
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