Giant salamander National Nature Reserve

Giant salamander National Nature Reserve is located in Wulingyuan District, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, covering an area of 14285 hectares. It was established with the approval of Hunan Provincial People's Government in 1995 and promoted to national level in 1996. The main protected objects are giant salamander and its ecological environment. Located in the eastern part of Wuling mountain range, Doupeng mountain, the highest peak, is 1890.4 meters above sea level. It is the birthplace of Hunan's four major water systems of Xiang, Zi, yuan and Li. Located in the eastern part of Wuling mountain range, Doupeng mountain, the highest peak, is 1890.4 meters above sea level. It is the birthplace of Hunan's four major water systems of Xiang, Zi, yuan and Li. Due to the blocking of the Southeast Pacific monsoon by Wuling mountains, the local seasonal rain climate is formed, which is characterized by four distinct seasons, no severe heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The suitable climate conditions and water system provide a good ecological environment for the habitat and reproduction of giant salamander, a national key protected wild animal. Therefore, the reserve has become one of the concentrated distribution areas of giant salamander in China. In addition to Andrias davidianus, other wild animal resources in this area are also very rich. More than 3000 species of higher plants are known, among which Davidia involucrata, Metasequoia glyptostrobois, Liriodendron tulipifera and other rare and endangered plants are listed as national key protection. Among the wild animals, clouded leopard, big civet, red bellied horned pheasant, pangolin and otter are included in the first and second level national protection, all of which have high protection value.

Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province

synonym

Giant salamander National Nature Reserve generally refers to Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province

Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, was promoted to national level in 1996. The main protected objects are giant salamander and its ecological environment. Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province is located in the eastern part of Wuling mountains. It is mainly mountainous. The highest peak, Doupeng mountain, is 1890.4 meters above sea level. It is the birthplace of Hunan's four major water systems, namely Xiang, Zi, yuan and Li.

Historical evolution

In December 1992, it was listed as China's first World Natural Heritage by UNESCO;

In 1995, Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of Hunan Provincial People's government;

In March 1995, when Comrade Jiang Zemin visited Zhangjiajie, he wrote an inscription: "build Zhangjiajie into a famous tourist attraction at home and abroad.";

In 1996, it was promoted to the national level, and the main protected objects were Andrias davidianus and its ecological environment;

In 1998, the Ministry of Agriculture approved the construction of Hunan giant salamander rescue center according to the document No. [1998] 27 issued by the Ministry of agriculture.

geographical environment

Geology and geomorphology

The main types of geological relics in Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve are sandstone peak forest landform and karst cave. There are more than 40 large and small karst caves, the most famous of which is Huanglong cave, with a total length of 7.5 km. The cave is divided into four layers, and the landscape is strange. It is the epitome of karst landscape in Southeast Asia.

climate

Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, due to the Southeast Pacific monsoon blocked by Wuling mountains, forms the local seasonal rain climate. The whole region belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate, rich in light, heat and water resources, with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 13.4 ℃, the annual average maximum temperature is 24.3 ℃, the rainfall is abundant, and the relative humidity is 77%.

hydrology

Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province is located in the eastern part of Wuling mountains. It is mainly mountainous. The highest peak, Doupeng mountain, is 1890.4 meters above sea level. It is the birthplace of Hunan's four major water systems, namely Xiang, Zi, yuan and Li. The water area of the whole reserve is about 14285 hectares, belonging to Lishui River with 290 tributaries of 1-4 grade, and Yuanshui river with 72 tributaries of 1-4 grade. Many waterfalls, springs, streams, pools and lakes are wonderful. Jinbianxi is a stream more than ten kilometers long, which can walk from Zhangjiajie to SUOXIYU.

soil

Zhangjiajie giant salamander Nature Reserve in Hunan province belongs to the mountain system. After erosion and weathering, it has formed a peculiar landform. There are more than 2000 stone peaks with strange shapes. It is a famous scenic spot.

Regional scope

Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province is located in Zhangjiajie, northwest of Hunan Province. Its geographical coordinates are 109 ° 40 ′ - 110 ° 20 ′, 28 ° 52 ′ - 29 ° 48 ′, east longitude, South Huaihua, West Xiangxi Tujia Autonomous Prefecture and North Hubei Province. It covers a total area of 3600 square kilometers. The core scenic area is 217.2 square kilometers, the peripheral protection zone is 174 square kilometers, and the development zone is 6.38 square kilometers.

Protected objects

The main protected objects of Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve are giant salamander and its ecological environment. In addition to Andrias davidianus, Zhangjiajie Andrias davidianus National Nature Reserve is also rich in other wild animal resources, with more than 3000 species of higher plants known.

plant resources

There are more than 500 kinds of woody plants in Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province. The specialty and precious tree species include Ginkgo biloba, Tsuga longibracteata, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Torreya grandis, Liriodendron chinense, Davidia involucrata, Lianxiang, xiangguoshu, etc. There are 5 national first-class protected plants such as Davidia involucrata, boleshu and Taxus chinensis var. mairei, and 16 second-class protected plants such as Taxus chinensis, Eucommia ulmoides and Magnolia officinalis.

Animal resources

There are more than 400 kinds of wild animals in Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province. There are three species of first-class protected animals, leopard, clouded leopard and yellow bellied Tragopan, and 25 species of second-class protected animals, such as giant salamander, macaque and pangolin. Six national and provincial nature reserves have been built, accounting for one tenth of the city's land area. There are 27 kinds of mammals and 41 kinds of birds. Musk deer, macaque, rock sheep, civet, giant salamander, long tailed pheasant, etc. are listed as national protected animals.

Management measures

Management organization

The Management Bureau of Hunan Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve was set up, and the deputy heads of Yongding, Sangzhi, Cili and other district and county governments, directors of county animal husbandry and Fisheries Bureau, and relevant personnel of municipal animal husbandry and Fisheries Bureau, municipal railway machinery office, municipal development and Reform Commission, municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Planning Bureau, municipal land and Resources Bureau were organized to adjust the scope of Hunan Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve Work.

management

Daily management of Andrias davidianus in Zhangjiajie National Nature Reserve is simple, but very important. When feeding, keep three fixed points: fixed time, fixed point and fixed quantity. It is very important to understand the ecological habits of Andrias davidianus. Andrias davidianus likes quiet and is afraid of noise, clear water and muddy water, darkness and strong light. We should try our best to take care of these habits in breeding. In addition, disinfect the body of Andrias davidianus and the breeding pond regularly, pay attention to the change of water temperature, control the water temperature not more than 26 ℃ in summer to prevent "summer sleep", and prevent the water temperature from being lower than the freezing temperature in winter.

Management content

The managers of Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province should master the law, be familiar with the law, strengthen communication, report and publicity, alleviate the contradiction between protection and development, seek the greatest common divisor, do a good job in the management of the reserve and ensure the local economic construction. It is necessary to assist the local authorities in making plans for major construction in the reserve, minimize the impact on the reserve as far as possible, and make all major construction in the reserve in accordance with the law and regulations and legal procedures.

Development and utilization

Tourism information

The development of rich tourism resources has created good conditions for the development of Wulingyuan tourism industry in Zhangjiajie. The CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Hunan provincial Party committee and the provincial government all place great hopes on the tourism economic development of Wulingyuan in Zhangjiajie. When Jiang Zemin visited Zhangjiajie in March 1995, he wrote an inscription: "build Zhangjiajie into a famous tourist attraction at home and abroad", which pointed out the direction for the development of Zhangjiajie.

Mountain landscape

In Zhangjiajie giant salamander nature reserve, Hunan Province, there are mountains, water, forests and caves in one place. The unique quartz sandstone peak forest is rare at home and abroad, known as "three thousand peaks". There are 3103 quartz sandstone peaks, which are distributed at an altitude of 500-1100 meters, ranging from tens of meters to 400 meters. The shape of the peak forest is like a person, a God, an immortal, a bird, an animal, and an object, and it changes in thousands of ways. These abrupt cliffs and rocks stretch for thousands of hectares.

Cave landscape

Zhangjiajie giant salamander Nature Reserve in Hunan Province has a rare geological heritage landscape. It contains sandstone peak forest, fangshantaiyuan, overpass stone gate, karst Canyon, karst cave, modeling landform and karst cave landscape developed in Triassic limestone.

Plant landscape

There are many rare plants in the park, such as Ginkgo biloba, Davidia involucrata, Taxus chinensis, and cleistra arguta, which provide a physical example for the study of biological evolution.

Animal landscape

In Zhangjiajie giant salamander National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province, there are three kinds of animals: leopard, clouded leopard and yellow bellied horned pheasant; giant salamander, macaque and pangolin; musk deer, macaque, rock sheep, civet, giant salamander and long tailed pheasant are listed as national protected animals.

scientific research

The growth history of Andrias davidianus on the earth can be traced back to 350 million years ago, known as "living fossil". It is a national second-class protected animal, with high academic and scientific research value, and also has high medical, edible and other economic value.

Many scientific research achievements have been made in rescue and domestication, breeding and hatching, disease prevention and control of giant salamander, which has overcome the technical problems of low "reproduction rate, hatching rate, survival rate" of giant salamander