What did Yuan Longping write in his original manuscript?

I'm Yang Bo, a revolutionary cultural relic narrator and announcer. The cultural relic I'm talking about is the original manuscript of the first paper on Hybrid Rice written by Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, which is a precious material collected in Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center.

The manuscript of Yuan Longping's paper "male sterility of rice"

The manuscript is placed in a seemingly ordinary brown brown brown paper folder, and the original manuscript of Yuan Longping's early comprehensive materials is written at the title of the file cover.

Original manuscripts of Yuan Longping's early comprehensive materials

There are 134 pages in the archives, starting and ending from 1965 to 1981, including 14 articles, including original manuscripts, breeding plan, and outline of report, with a total of more than 90000 words. The Yellow Pages record the sweat and sincerity of the "Medal of the Republic" winner.

The original manuscript catalogue of Yuan Longping's thesis

During the three years from 1959 to 1961, China encountered serious economic difficulties, resulting in a sharp reduction in grain production. As the first batch of college students trained in New China, Yuan Longping is determined to solve the food problem with his major.

Yuan Longping: it's really hard to live without food after three difficult years! Especially in our country, with so many people and so little arable land per capita, food security is particularly important. Chinese people's jobs should be in their own hands, not by others.

One day in July 1961, as usual, Yuan Longping was walking in the rice field. A rice plant standing out from the crowd attracted his attention. Yuan Longping was very happy with the big and neat ears and full grains. He estimated that the yield of this variety was no problem. So the next year, he tried to sow with great expectation.

Yuan Longping: in the second year, I sowed 1000 of them and managed them very well. I went to the field every day to observe them and hope that they would become Jackie Chan. The results of a heading, disappointed, high high high, low low, early early, late late, no one has its Laozi so good.

Although the follow-up experiment was not successful, the outstanding rice plant inspired Yuan Longping: this may be a natural hybrid rice formed by the complementary advantages of two varieties. Is it possible to cultivate hybrid rice by using heterosis artificially?

Yuan Longping wrote the paper "male sterility of rice"

Rice is a self pollinated plant. A small flower has both male and female flowers. If two different rice varieties are to be crossed, it is almost impossible to castrate and pollinate tens of thousands of flowers by artificial methods; Another way is to cultivate a kind of rice with stamen degeneration as female parent.

Therefore, Yuan Longping embarked on the long road of looking for male sterile rice plants.

Yuan Longping (third from left) works in the field

Zhao Bingran, a researcher of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, is a doctor of Yuan Longping. He said that Rice Flowering starts at 10 a.m. and ends at noon. Therefore, Yuan Longping needs to go to the field to check one by one at the hottest time of the day.

Zhao Bingran: there is a difference between male sterility and fertile anther, but you can't see it when you stand on the ridge. You have to go down to the inside. You have to look at the anthers that have just finished flowering and those that are flowering one by one after flowering. And we should choose sunny weather, because it will be better for flowering. Hunan's summer or autumn under the hot sun or during lunch is the hottest period. In that case, day after day.

Yuan Longping hunched and buried himself in the rice field, and checked tens of thousands of rice ears. Finally, in 1964 and 1965, he found six male sterile plants in the rice field of the practice farm of Anjiang Agricultural University and the nearby production team.

Notes to Yuan Longping's paper "male sterility of rice"

The process of plant discovery and breeding plan were clearly recorded word by word.

On February 28, 1966, the paper "male sterility of rice" based on the manuscript was published in the Journal of Science Bulletin, which became the first work of Yuan Longping's idea of "hybrid rice".

A copy of Yuan Longping's paper "male sterility of rice"

Zhao Bingran said that after the paper was published, it was noticed by the comrades of the ninth Bureau of the national science and Technology Commission (now the Ministry of science and Technology) at that time, and recommended to Zhao Shijing, director of the ninth Bureau. Zhao thought the paper was very important and reported it to the leaders at that time. Since then, Yuan Longping's research has received strong support from the government.

Everything comes to him who waits. In 1970, Yuan Longping's students found a male sterile wild rice with pollen abortion in the swamp of Nanhong farm, Hainan Province, and named it "Yebai". Since then, the research of hybrid rice has opened a breakthrough.

Yuan Longping and his colleagues devote themselves to the study of Hybrid Rice

In 1973, Yuan Longping officially announced the success of three line combination of indica hybrid rice, marking a major breakthrough in the utilization of Rice Heterosis in China.

"Love freedom, expertise casual", but Yuan Longping is his life, walking in the paddy field. After the death of Mr. Yuan Longping, now his son yuan dingyang has taken over his father's dream: "during the 14th Five Year Plan period, he will plant 200000 mu of salt tolerant rice in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia to help local rice growers double their income.".

Zhao Bingran said that according to Yuan Longping's wish before his death, ten years later, he will be able to expand 100 million mu of saline alkali land to grow rice, with an average yield of more than 300 kg per mu. In this way, the 30 billion kg more rice produced each year can feed an additional 80 million people; Perhaps at that time, his "dream of enjoying the cool under the grass" and "dream of covering the world with hybrid rice" will really come true.

Let's take a look at the original manuscript file: on the red checkered paper, the neat handwritten Chinese characters have now become the seeds sown on the earth. Thanks to the efforts of Yuan Longping and his research team, the foundation of China's food security has been firmly established, playing a role of "ballast stone" for economic and social development, and the Chinese people finally hold their jobs firmly in their hands.

Li Jianwu: I'm Li Jianwu, director of cultivation Department of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center. I came to the research center in 2009《 Male sterility of rice is a necessary document for researchers engaged in hybrid rice research. Mr. Yuan often tells us that rice major is an applied science. Rice can't grow in computers and books. To grow rice, we must go to the fields. That's what he told us, and that's what he did. In order to ensure China's food security, he made great contributions.