Asarum

[name of traditional Chinese medicine] Asarum

[synonyms] Xiaoxin (Ben Jing), Xicao (Wu Pu Ben Cao), Shaoxin (Gang Mu), clover, Jinpen Cao (Chinese herbal medicine manual), Shanshen (Jiangsu).

[source] it is the whole plant with roots of Asarum sibiricum or Asarum chinense.

[plant morphology] 1. Asarum liaonanense (primordial materia medica), also known as wanbingcao, xishen, yanbaguohua and asarum northeast.

Herbs perennial, 12-24 cm high. Rhizome horizontal, dense fibrous roots, twist the spicy. The stem is short, with 2-3 scales at the base and 2-3 leaves at the end; the petiole is 5-18 cm long, usually glabrous or rarely short hairy, with shallow grooves; the leaf blade is heart-shaped or nearly kidney shaped, 5-11 cm long, 6-15 cm wide, apex obtuse, occasionally or acuminate, base, B-shaped or deep heart-shaped, both sides auricular. The whole leaf is green above, short hairy on the vein, other parts are also sparsely covered with very short pubescence The face is light green, densely covered with short hairs. Flowers solitary in axils, pedicels 3-5 cm long, erect. Perianth tube shaped, purple brown, with raised ribs inside; lobes 3, triangular, broad elliptic, slightly pointed, 7-9 mm long, 10 mm wide, turned outward, dirty brown red; throat with ring constriction; stamens 12, 3 mm long, filaments and anthers of equal length; ovary half inferior, 6-locular, style 6-out, upper divergent. Pseudoberry hemispherical, 10 mm long, 12 mm wide. Seed ovoid conic, hard shell, surface with black fleshy aril. The flowering period is May. The fruit period is June.

It grows under the forest, among the bushes, in the valley, on the edge of the forest or in the mountain wetland. Distribution of northeast and Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and other places.

② Chinese asarum, also known as Western Asarum (primordial materia medica), white Asarum.

Perennial herbs. It is very similar to the former species, but the rhizome is long and the internodes are dense. Leaves usually 2, apex acute to acute, both surfaces sparsely pubescent. The petiole is 10-15 cm long. Perianth tube ampullate, lobes 3, spreading, broadly ovate, heart-shaped or broadly ovate, about 10 mm long and 12 mm wide, apex acuminate or acute, dark purple, inside densely covered with small papillae, filament 1.5 times longer than anther. The flowering period is May. The fruit period is June.

It grows in valley, stream, forest, rock and other wet places. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places.

[collection] from May to July, the soil was removed and dried in time. (do not dry in the sun, do not wash with water, otherwise the aroma will be reduced, the leaves will turn yellow, the roots will turn black and affect the quality) put it in a dry and ventilated place to prevent mildew.

(1) Asarum sibiricum

Also known as: Asarum (Lishang Dipsacus recipe). There are 1-2 leaves, rhizome and root, sometimes flowers or fruits. The petiole is long, with longitudinal lines. The leaves are thin, gray green, sometimes yellow, brittle and fragile. Flowers simple 1, dark purple brown, bowl shaped. The rhizome is irregularly cylindrical, slender, curved, branched, 1-4 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter, gray brown, rough, jointed, internodes about 2-3 mm. The root is slender, dense, gray brown, smooth surface, or with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and there are often fine fibrous roots at the lower end. It is brittle and easy to break. The section is flat and yellow white. It is very fragrant, spicy and numb. It is better to have grayish yellow roots, green leaves, spicy taste and numb tongue.

Produced in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other places.

② Chinese Asarum

Its shape is similar to that of Asarum sibiricum, but its rhizome is long, about 3-8 cm long, about 1-2 cm in diameter, and its internodes are very short, only 1 mm. The aroma and pungent taste were weak, but the burning feeling of numbness was strong.

Produced in Shaanxi.

In addition to the above authentic products, the following kinds of Asarum are still used in a few areas, commonly known as Asarum.

① The rhizome and root of duheng, also known as Maxin, is used in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. See article duheng.

② The rhizome and root of Asarum grandiflorum, used in Sichuan and other places. See "Hualian Xixin".

③ The rhizome and root of Asarum floribundum is used in Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

④ Rhizome and root of Asarum rotundifolia, used in Guangxi.

⑤ Asarum capillarum and asarum bicolor are used in Sichuan and Shaanxi.

⑥ Rhizome and root of Asarum longiflorum, used in Shaanxi, see "Asarum flaviflorum".

⑦ It is used in Hubei and Guangxi. Please refer to the article "Xixin with sweet potato leaves".

⑧ The whole grass of golden earrings, used in Guangxi, see "golden earrings".

[chemical composition] the volatile oil of Asarum liaoxiensis is about 3%. The main component of the volatile oil is methyl eugenol, and the others are safrole, β - pinene, Eupatorium, phenolic substances and so on.

The content of volatile oil in Asarum chinense was 2.75% and 1.9%. The volatile oil mainly contains methyl eugenol (about 50%), asarone, pinene, eugenone, safrole, 1,8-cineole, l-asarone and so on.

The volatile oil of Asarum biloba contains 6% eugenone, 7% borneol or amoxicol, 4% 1,8-cineole, 2% pinene, 15% methyl eugenol, 10% safrole, 10% coroverine, 8% elemene, 0.2% oligooctanone, linalool and daucostrienol. 2-methyl-2-vinyl-3-isopropyl-5-isopropylidene cyclohexanol, etc.

The whole herb of Asarum rotundifolia contains flavonoid glycosides, amino acids, sugars and volatile oil.

(1) local anesthesia

The results showed that the water extract or alcohol extract (20-100%) of Herba asari could block the impulse conduction of frog sciatic nerve, and it had the effect of infiltration anesthesia in guinea pig test, but the decoction had no effect. The volatile oil of Asarum has the effect of topical anesthesia (corneal reflex). About half a minute after applying 50% Asarum tincture to human tongue, the tip of the tongue will feel cold and pungent. One minute later, it will feel numb. After that, the pain will disappear completely and gradually recover after about one hour. The local anesthetic effect is related to the volatile oil contained in it, but it has strong irritation and is not suitable for surface anesthetic. It has been reported that Asarum combined with other traditional Chinese medicine, as a smear anesthesia to extract teeth, achieved good results.

② Antipyretic and analgesic effects

The Arabic latex of Asarum volatile extract was 0.2-1.0 ml / kg orally. It can reduce the temperature rise caused by normal and warm needling. Oral administration of volatile oil 0.5 ml / kg also has some inhibitory effects on fever caused by tetrahydro - β - naphthylamine or mixed vaccine of typhoid and paratyphoid. The analgesic effect of the same dose was similar to that of antipyrine.

③ Bacteriostasis

Preliminary in vitro test showed that Asarum had some inhibitory effects on Streptococcus haemolyticus, Shigella dysentery, typhoid bacillus and even tuberculosis, which need further study.

④ Effect on blood pressure

25 g / kg) can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized dogs. Further analysis showed that the essential oil of Herba asari could decrease the blood pressure of anesthetized animals, while the decoction could increase the blood pressure. It was also suggested that Herba asari had epinephrine like effects on both the blink membrane and blood pressure.

⑤ Toxicity and other effects

The volatile oil of Herba asari was initially excited to frogs, mice and rabbits, then fell into a state of paralysis, gradually reduced the random movement and respiratory movement, at the same time, the reflex disappeared, and finally died of respiratory paralysis. The respiration stopped before the heart beat, which had a direct inhibitory effect on the myocardium and smooth muscle. Alcohol extract can antagonize morphine induced respiratory depression in rabbits. 75 mg and 7. 78 mg / 10 g respectively. The toxicity of Asarum alcohol extract was higher than that of water decoction.

In addition, the extract of the same plant Asarum can increase the blood pressure of anesthetized cats, and its total flavonoids can reduce the blood pressure; it can also relieve or eliminate the tracheospasm caused by neostigmine. The volatile oil had antibacterial effect on Gram positive bacteria (1:500).

[processing] remove impurities, spray with water, cut into sections in time and dry in the air.

"Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says: "if you use asarum, you should take off the double leaves one by one and take them to harm people. Must go to the head soil, soak with melon water overnight, until it is clear and dry. "

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Wupu materia medica: "Shennong, Huangdi, Leigong, Tongjun: Xin, Xiaowen; Qibo: nontoxic; Li: Xiaohan. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "bitter and pungent in taste. "

④ "Medicine mind method": "Xin, re. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and kidney channels.

① "Tang Ye Ben Cao": "hand Shaoyin meridian medicine. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, liver, gallbladder, brand four classics. "

③ In the classic of materia medica: "start with Shaoyin and the sun. "

④ "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "enter the foot to kick Yin, Shaoyin blood points. "

Functions and indications: dispelling wind, dispersing cold, moving water and resuscitation. It can treat cold wind, headache, nasopharynx, toothache, phlegm, cough and rheumatism.

(1) Divergent wind cold: used for headache caused by wind cold or cold, can be matched with ephedra, Ligusticum.

(2) Warming meridian and relieving pain: it is used for muscle and joint pain caused by cold pathogen entering collaterals.

(3) Warming and resolving cold phlegm: it is used for chronic bronchitis with sparse phlegm.

(4) Yitong Feiqiao: used for rhinitis and sinusitis.

① "Ben Jing": "main cough, headache, brain movement, Baijie contracture, rheumatic arthralgia, dead muscle. Clear eyes, clear nine orifices. "

② Bielu: "warm the middle and lower Qi, break phlegm, benefit the water channel, open the chest, remove the obstruction of the throat, nose, wind, epilepsy, lower breast knot. If you can't sweat, you can't blood. It can soothe the five zang organs, benefit the liver and gallbladder, and dredge the essence. "

③ Tao Hongjing: "for those suffering from halitosis, it has many effects, and can remove phlegm and improve eyesight. "

④ According to the theory of medicinal properties, it can be used to treat cough, adverse upper Qi, evil wind, and wind. It can calm the five zang organs and six Fu organs, increase courage and Qi, remove skin and rheumatism, stop eye wind and tears, improve eyesight, and open chest