Fan Chengmo

Fan Chengmo

Fan Chengmo (1624-1676) was born in Shenyang (today's Shenyang, Liaoning Province) in Eastern Liaoning Province. He was a minister of the Qing Dynasty and the second son of fan Wencheng.

Fan Chengmo, a Jinshi, once served in the Imperial Academy and moved to Zhejiang Province. During his four years in Zhejiang Province, he explored the wasteland, asked for exemption of taxes, provided relief to the people, and converted the grain to rice, which won the hearts of the local people. Later, he was promoted to Fujian governor.

During the San Francisco rebellion, fan Chengmo refused to disobey and was imprisoned by Geng Jingzhong. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), fan Chengmo was killed. Later, he was awarded the posthumous title of Zhongzhen to the Minister of the Ministry of war and the prince Shaobao.

Life of the characters

Early deeds

Fan Chengmo, the second son of fan Wencheng, was chosen as a bodyguard at the age of 17. In 1652 (the ninth year of Shunzhi), fan Chengmo was selected as a Jinshi in the Imperial Academy and awarded the title of editor of Hongwen Academy. Later, I moved to the Secretary college.

Governor of Zhejiang Province

In 1668 (the seventh year of Kangxi), fan Chengmo served as governor of Zhejiang Province. At that time, shortly after the founding of the Qing Dynasty, people had not yet fully resumed production. There were a lot of wasteland in Ningbo and Jinhua in eastern Zhejiang. Zhao Tingchen, governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, went to the imperial court to ask for exemption from taxes, and Emperor Kangxi ordered fan Chengmo to conduct field investigation. After investigation, fan Chengmo went to Shanghai and asked for exemption of taxes on wasteland and irrigated land, totaling more than 3115500 mu. In 1669 (the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), floods caused famine in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Shaoxing. Fan Chengmo took out 80000 taels of silver and went to Huguang to buy rice and grain in order to stabilize the grain price in Zhejiang Province and save countless victims. Later, fan Chengmo went up again and said, "the rice in the grain should be broken, and each stone should be broken into one or two pieces of silver. Next year, after the wheat is ripe, white grain will be supplemented for three years. Severe disaster areas shall be exempted according to law. " Emperor Kangxi approved. In 1671 (the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), fan Chengmo asked to be dismissed because of illness and was recalled to the capital. Liu Zhaoqi, governor of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, and Sabai lishangshu, governor of Zhejiang Province, said that people in Zhejiang Province have asked for fan Chengmo to stay in office. Jiang Xizhe, Ke Shuo, and he Yuanying, the imperial censor, also said: "fan Chengmo was a governor for three years. He loved the people like a son, investigated and dealt with corruption, and got rid of bad government. He was deeply loved by the people." Emperor Kangxi ordered fan Chengmo to stay as governor of Zhejiang. In 1672 (the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), fan Chengmo went to Shangshu. He mentioned how much white grain was consumed in Huzhou and Jiaxing, and asked for a limit of four Dou and five liters per stone. He also asked for the exemption of taxes not paid by Wenzhou and Taizhou before the ninth year of Emperor Kangxi, as well as the insufficient monthly grain in Shimen and Pingyang. Emperor Kangxi delivered these memorials to the Ministry of household and ordered the Ministry to discuss and implement them.

He was imprisoned

In October of the same year, fan Chengmo was promoted to the governor of Fujian Province, and became the right Minister of the Ministry of war and the right deputy censor of the capital. He declined, and without permission, he asked to be admitted. In July 1673 (the 12th year of Kangxi), fan Chengmo arrived in the capital and was incorporated into the palace. At that time, he had not yet recovered from his illness. Emperor Kangxi ordered the imperial doctor to consult him and gave him medicine. When his condition was better, fan Chengmo rushed to Fujian and moved the governor's residence from Zhangzhou to Fuzhou. In 1673 (the 12th year of Kangxi), Wu Sangui rebelled and the rebellion broke out. Fan Chengmo noticed that Geng Jingzhong, the king of Jingnan, was rebellious, so he went to the imperial court and asked to postpone the military cutting. He also planned to inspect the border waters and recruit troops to defend. Unexpectedly, before fan Chengmo's action was carried out, Geng Jingzhong defected. Geng Jingzhong claimed that pirates had violated the territory, so he asked fan Chengmo to consult with him. At that time, Liu Bingzheng, governor of Fujian, attached himself to Geng Jingzhong and urged fan Chengmo to go. Fan Chengmo knew that things had changed. He refused to be escorted and went alone. When Geng Jingzhong's party members threatened, fan Chengmo stepped forward and swore. Geng Jingzhong had always been afraid of fan Chengmo's prestige. He was afraid that killing him would infuriate the people, so he imprisoned him in the earth room and put on the tools of torture. He fasted for eight days, but he could not die. Later, Geng Jingzhong sent Liu Bingzheng to persuade him to surrender. When Liu Bingzheng saw fan Chengmo, he bowed as he advanced. Fan Chengmo ordered people to help him out of bed and beat Liu Bingzheng to the ground. He scolded: "all the anti thieves should be killed by the imperial court. I'll take your soul first."

killed

In September 1676 (the 15th year of Kangxi), the Qing army conquered Xianxia pass, and Geng Jingzhong planned to surrender. He looks for excuses to avoid death, but he is afraid that fan Chengmo will expose his crime. On the 16th, Geng Jingzhong ordered people to force fan Chengmo to hang himself. Fifty three of fan Chengmo's aides, Ji Yongren, Wang Longguang, Shen Tiancheng and fan Chengpu, were killed at the same time. When fan Chengmo was dying, he put on his crown and hat, arranged his robes, kowtowed to the palace, and then killed himself. The rebels burned fan Chengmo's body and abandoned it in the wild. Later, Xu Ding, a native of Taining, collected his remains and hid them. In 1677 (the 16th year of Kangxi), Xu Ding sent fan Chengmo's remains to the capital. Emperor Kangxi ordered his ministers and bodyguards to meet him and bestow him posthumous loyalty as Minister of the Ministry of war and Prince Shaobao, and wrote inscriptions to his family members. In 1680 (the 19th year of Kangxi), Geng Jingzhong was killed, and fan Shichong, the son of fan Chengmo, cut his flesh to pay homage to his father. Later, the people of Fujian asked to build an ancestral hall for fan Chengmo, and Emperor Kangxi himself wrote the plaque of "loyal bingri".

Anecdotes and allusions

Fan Chengmo was imprisoned by Geng Jingzhong for two years. Every day he wore the crown and hat given by the emperor and the clothes he wore when he left his mother. Every time on the 15th day of the first day of the lunar new year, he would hang a calendar and kowtow to the north. Later, Geng Jingzhong ordered the Mongolian mani to guard fan Chengmo. Mani felt his loyalty and wanted to let him go. As a result, he was detected and Geng Jingzhong ordered people to put him to death. Mani scolded: "I'd rather die with my loyal minister than live with the usurper."

Character evaluation

Li Yu: the integrity of Mr. Gai's officials is as high as that of Tianxiang. Emperor Qianlong: fan Chengmo, governor of Fujian Province, and Gan wenkun, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Province. In the face of Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong's rebellious changes, they resisted the chastity and gave up their lives in martyrdom. They were loyal and compassionate. Zhao Erxun: Fang's vassals were powerful, and the governor set up by the imperial court was not strong enough to resist. Although Wen Kun and Sangui were divided into two parts, they were more than Sangui for a long time. If Chengmo is loyal to the emperor, and if he is strong to Yanling, he is forced to live in the same city, but he has no other skills to die for himself.

personal works

Fan Chengmo has written a volume of memorials to Fu Zhe, a volume of memorials to Du min and ten volumes of Zhongzhen Ji.

member of family

Father: Fan Wencheng, an official, was a bachelor and Minister of internal Secretary college, and was granted the first-class fine chinihafan. Brothers: fan Chengyin, fan Chengxun, fan Chengbin, fan Chenglie, fan chengzuo. son: fan Shichong, has successively served as the prefect of Liaoyang Prefecture, the prefect of Shunde, Zhili Prefecture, the governor of Fujian Province, the governor of Guangdong Province, the governor of Zhejiang Province, the censor of zuodu, and the Minister of the Ministry of war.

Historical records

History of Qing Dynasty manuscript volume 252 biography 39

Memorial of tombs

Fan Chengmo's tomb is located near hongluoshan, Huairou District, Beijing.

Chinese PinYin : Fan Cheng Mo