Dai Junheng

Dai Junheng

Dai Junheng (1814-1855), with the name of Cunzhuang and Rongzhou, was born in Tongcheng. When he was young, he was extremely intelligent and talented. He was very talented in writing poems and articles. When he was in his 20s, he was proud of his talent and printed the first draft of Rongzhou, which he wrote. People who saw the first draft at that time were amazed and said that he was a genius

Life of the characters

This first draft was handed to Fang Dongshu, a native university student. After reading it, Mr. Fang said with a smile, "ten years later, when his knowledge is tempered to a certain degree, he will blame himself."

At this time, Mr. Fang was studying poetics and wrote a Book of poetics, Zhaomei zhanyan, which represented the Poetics of Tongcheng school. Dai Junheng was able to read the book from the copy and studied it for three years. During this period, he did not write a poem. He got inspiration from Mr. Fang's poetics, and realized that his former poems were too hasty, so he took back the first draft of Rongzhou. I'd like to see Mr. Fang at heel house. Please take him back.

After studying under Fang's family, Jun Heng made great progress in learning and writing. In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), in the 36th year of his life, he went to Nanjing for the rural examination and won the Ju Ren. After that, he brought his poems to visit the prominent officials in Kyoto. At that time, Zeng Guofan, LV Xianji, Luo Biyan and Chen Qingyong were willing to make friends with him. Among them, Mr. Zeng Shilang was more appreciative.

He stayed in Kyoto for a period of time. After returning to his hometown, he was more determined to study and wanted to find the truth of practical application from the classics. When he studied Shangshu, he thought that Fu Sheng of Qin Dynasty, Ouyang Sheng, Xiahou, MaRong, Zhengxuan of Han Dynasty, Wang Su of Three Kingdoms, Gu Biao of Sui Dynasty and other scholars' interpretation of Shangshu, from the existing data, mostly did not exceed the scope of Kong Zhuan. On the contrary, the opinions of several later scholars in Song Dynasty had their own unique points. However, they all made mistakes in their interpretation of Pan Geng and other articles. So he extensively collected the predecessors' notes, eliminated the false and kept the true, and wrote the 16th volume of (shuzhuan) Bushang. After printing, it was dedicated to the famous scholars at that time. Although Zeng Guofan read this book from time to time in the military after he got it, he praised it for its good writing, and it can help readers solve their doubts and difficulties.

Dai's teacher, Fang Dongshu, had a long history and won the mission of Tongcheng school. Zeng Guofan, in the preface to Ouyang Sheng's collected works, recommended him: "those who lived in Tongcheng had Jun Heng village, which had been planted for a long time, especially those who had more energy than others. They thought that they should abide by the law of the first justice in their city, and that they should develop after evolution, and that they had nothing to give up." In order to carry forward Tongcheng school, Dai Junheng and Su Biyuan revised Wangxi anthology. Compared with the first anthology, the content of this anthology has more than doubled. After the compilation, Dai wrote the preface to the complete works of Mr. Fang Wangxi. In the preface, Fang Bao was praised as the leader of revitalizing the ancient prose after the eight great writers of Tang and Song Dynasties and GUI Youguang of Ming Dynasty. In some aspects, Fang's comparison with GUI Youguang was even better. He said: "our Dynasty has been in the world for several decades. Wang Xifang inherited the orthodoxy of the eight schools, and he also went to the same place as Xifu (GUI Youguang) in terms of cultural context. His only foundation is Jingshu, which is deeply rooted in the heart of scholars because of his work on Taoism. However, the feathered Taoism is not only inferior to Xifu, that is, the eight schools of Taoism are as deep as those in Korea and Europe Tongxian and his selection of poems and essays in ancient Han Dynasty. After their collation and selection, a large number of Tongcheng sages' poems and essays were handed down to later generations.

At that time, Dai Mingshi's articles were still banned, and no one dared to read them. Jun Heng Gan braved the great taboo of the Qing Dynasty and collected the articles of Dai Ming's world heritage, which were collected into the collection of works of Mr. Qian Xu. In the preface to the collection, he praised the famous world and said, "when you read Mr. Yu's works, you can see the image of the scene, which is like the floating clouds in the space, without any trace of change; and it's like flying immortals against the wind, don't look at the action." He said that he could catch up with Zhuang Zhou, Li Bai and Sima Zichang, and that "foot is as famous as Wangxi."

Junheng not only paid attention to Tongcheng culture, but also attached great importance to Sangzi education. In 1840, Tongxiang Academy was founded with tongliwen Jukui, Cheng Enshou and other celebrities in the middle street of kongcheng, dongsanli, Tongcheng county. More than ten students were elected as directors. They raised a large sum of money of 9000 yuan and 9820 yuan. They built five school buildings and purchased more than ten properties. The school began in the year of Daoguang. Jun Heng personally presided over the school administration and gave lectures. There are two major examinations every year and one minor examination every month. Those with excellent examination results will be awarded 1600 articles. Excellent poems and essays will be collected and printed by the Academy. College students often take the first place in the county examination. Dai takes good care of the students with excellent grades. For those who are hospitalized for study, such as those who have passed the student test three times, and those who have passed the top ten student test three times, they will receive a monthly subsidy of five yuan. The student supervisor of the Academy went to Jinling to participate in the three-year rural examination, and each student was subsidized 30000 papers per subject. Less than three years after the founding of Tongxiang academy, it has made outstanding achievements and is quite famous. Hundreds of scholars from Tongxiang and Shuxiang counties have come to visit. Luo Liyan, who was in charge of Anhui academic administration at that time, once supervised Tongcheng in the 26th year of Daoguang (1847). After reading the "Tongxiang academy course art" and "Tongxiang academy annals", he praised Tongxiang academy, saying that they could "work for the foundation and uphold the integrity of learning". In the thirtieth year of Daoguang (1850), Luo was promoted to the post of General Secretary (later the Secretary of the Ministry of household), and wrote Tongxiang academy records, praising Dai Junheng and others for their effective education. The inscription written by Luo Shangshu in Tongxiang academy still exists in the Central Primary School of jiel town.

Dai Junheng wrote a Tongxiang academy chronicle, which recorded the construction, schoolwork, examination and reward of the Academy in detail. It is a rare academy chronicle in Anhui Province.

Tongxiang Academy was abolished in 1906 when the new school was founded. The former sites of kuanghuai garden and Shufang jingshe built by Dai in the academy are still indistinct. The Chaoyang building built by Dai is still intact. It is now a key cultural relic protection unit in Tongcheng city.

Dai Junheng is not only a learned scholar, but also a man of wisdom. Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty carried out the new policy and spoke widely. He listed the advantages and disadvantages of the country at that time, and asked people in Beijing to submit them on his behalf. It happened that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was in trouble, and the Qing government had no time to do so.

The Taiping army broke through Yueyang, and warships went down along the river to occupy Anqing and advance to Tongcheng. Confused by the propaganda of the Qing government and hostile to the Taiping army, Dai went to linhuai to avoid chaos and invite reinforcements. Not long after, Tongcheng was captured, and his wife and children died in military disaster. At that time, my husband traveled to Huaiyuan and died of hematemesis at the age of 40. The remains were buried in dingjiachong, Hongmiao village, kongcheng town. Zeng Guofan's tombstone "the tomb of Dai juncunzhuang in Qing Dynasty" is a key cultural relic protection unit in Tongcheng city. His works have been published in the world, such as Wei Jing Shan Guan Shi Wen Chao, Gong Che Diao, Za Ji, etc. There is a biography of the draft of Qing history.

Mr. Wang is far away from evil sycophants and upright. In his anthology, he expounded his principles of life many times. In his book on Zhu Jianlun, he first described that Zhu jianben in the Western Han Dynasty was an upright official who did not make friends with heretical people. Later, when his mother died, he had no money to govern his funeral. He accepted the gift from the courtier Shen Shiqi and helped him eliminate the disaster. Emperor Wen killed him, and Zhu Jian also committed suicide. In his article, Dai said with emotion: "Hoo Hoo! For the sake of a hundred gold coins, he lost his reputation and lost his integrity, so he killed himself. What should a gentleman do with him?".