Ji Yu

Tang Shuyu

Tang Shuyu (date of birth and death unknown), surnamed Ji, named Yu, Zi Yu, was born in Qizhou (now Qishan, Shaanxi). During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancestor of Jin State and the founder of the three Jin culture, the son of King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa, King Cheng of Zhou Ji chanted his mother and brother, and his mother and queen Yijiang (daughter of Duke Lu Shang of Qi). In the feudal state of Tang, it was called Tang Shuyu in history.

After Yu Chong became king Regent of the Tang Dynasty, he became king Regent of the Zhou Dynasty. As the founder of the culture of the three Jin Dynasties, his historical achievements are indelible.

After the death of Tang Shuyu, his son Xie (Xie Fu) succeeded to the throne and moved to the side of Jinshui. He changed the name of the state to Jin, which was the Marquis Xie of Jin.

Life of the characters

Family background

Tang Shuyu, also known as Shuyu and taishu, is the son of Jifa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, and the brother of Jisheng, King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty. His mother, Yijiang, is the daughter of Lu Shang, the founder of Qi state.

The land of the Tang Dynasty

In the 11th year of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC), King Wu of Zhou, the father of Shuyu, perished the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou regime. In the 14th year of King Wu of Zhou (1043 BC), King Wu of Zhou died and his brother, King Cheng of Zhou, succeeded him. King Cheng of Zhou was young when he succeeded to the throne, so he was Regent of Zhou GongDan, uncle of Shu Yu.

In the eighth year of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty (1035 BC), a rebellion broke out in the Tang Kingdom (the Tang kingdom is located in the east of the Yellow River and Fenhe River, with a radius of 100 li), threatening the rule of the Zhou royal family in Hedong area. In October of the same year, Zhou GongDan led the army to quell the rebellion of the Tang state, moved the people of the Tang state to the land of Du, and moved the descendants of the Zhou royal family to the land of Tang. In the 10th year of King Cheng of Zhou (1033 BC), King Cheng of Zhou granted the land of Tang to his younger brother Shu Yu, who became the king of Tang, so he was called Tang Shu Yu.

Go to the next generation

After Tang Shuyu died, his son Ji Xie (also known as Ji Xie's father) succeeded to the throne. After Ji Xie succeeded to the throne, because he moved to Jinshui, he changed the name of the state to "Jin", which is called "Jin Hou Xie".

Main achievements

At that time, because the state of Tang was located in the ancient ruins of Xia people and surrounded by Rongdi tribes, and the rebellion had just subsided, the situation was volatile and the ethnic conflicts were very sharp. After Shuyu was granted the title of Tang Dynasty, he adjusted measures to local conditions and guided himself according to the situation. He carried out the method of "enlightening Xia's politics and Xinjiang's military power". He used Xia's politics and Xia's land to manage Xia's people according to Xia's law. One year after the implementation of the policy, the results will be achieved. Agriculture and animal husbandry have developed significantly, and their political achievements are remarkable.

The key to the success of Shu Yu's governance of Tang Dynasty lies in the implementation of the correct policy of "enlightening the government by Xia, and supporting the army by Xinjiang". A lot of history has proved that this policy has become a traditional national policy of Jin, and has a far-reaching influence on the politics, economy, ideology and culture of Jin, Korea, Zhao and Wei, thus forming the characteristics of respecting the public, law and sages in the three Jin cultural system.

As the founder of Jin State and the founder of three Jin culture, Tang Shuyu's historical achievements are indelible.

Historical evaluation

Sima Zhen's Shi Ji Suo Yin: "the destiny of Shu Yu died in the Tang Dynasty. Tongyu is cut, and Hefen is barren. "

Anecdotes and allusions

It was named Yu

At the beginning, when King Wu of Zhou and Yijiang, the mother of Uncle Yu, had sex (Zuo Zhuan was pregnant), he dreamed that the emperor of heaven said to King Wu of Zhou (Zuo Zhuan recorded that the emperor of heaven said to Yijiang): "I want you to have a son and name your son Yu. I'm going to give him the land of Tang." When Jiang gave birth to Shu Yu, there was a "Yu" like pattern on the palm of Shu Yu's hand, so King Wu of Zhou named him Yu. Later, Shu Yu was granted the title of Tang.

Jiahe presents the king

In the 11th year of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty (1032 BC), God sent a blessing. Shu Yu got Jiahe, which had different stems and ears, and was dedicated to King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty. King Cheng of Zhou ordered Shuyu to send Jiahe to Dongtu as a gift to Zhou GongDan, who wrote "feedhe". After receiving the reward, Zhou GongDan praised the order of King Zhou Cheng and wrote Jiahe.

Tongye seal Tang Dynasty

King Cheng and Tang Shuyu lived in Yanju, where they helped Wu Ye as a GUI, and granted Tang Shuyu the title of "I am a daughter here. "Uncle Yu is happy to tell Duke Zhou. The Duke of Zhou asked, "what is the emperor's seal on Yu Xie? "King Cheng said," Yu Yi Ren and Yu Xi are also friends. The Duke of Zhou said to him, "when I hear about it, the emperor has no joke. The emperor said, then the history book, the work recites, the scholar said. So he granted uncle Yu the title of Jin. Zhou GongDan can be said to be good at saying it. Once he said it, he made Wang Yi say it again. He showed his love for his younger brother and supported the royal family.

Jian Tong's brother

On the issue of Shuyu's being granted the Tang Dynasty, many scholars in the past dynasties have made textual research on the characters. The event of "Tong Ye's conferring a younger brother" was first seen in Lu's spring and Autumn Annals. At that time, civil strife broke out in the state of Tang, and Zhou GongDan, uncle of Shu Yu, led the army to destroy the state of Tang. One day, when Zhou Cheng and uncle Yu lived in a house, they picked a leaf of Wutong and cut it into a shape of jade. Shu Yu was very happy and told Zhou GongDan about it. Zhou GongDan asked King Cheng for instructions and said, "son of heaven, are you going to enfeoffment Shuyu?" Zhou Chengwang said. "I'm joking with Shu Yu." Zhou GongDan replied, "I've heard that the emperor is not joking. As soon as the emperor spoke, the historian wrote it down, the musicians chanted it, and the scholars praised it. " So King Cheng of Zhou granted Shuyu the title of Tang Dynasty (after Xie (Xiefu), the son of Shuyu, succeeded to the throne, he changed his name to Jin). _{(and Shi Ji Jin Shi Jia ) records that Gen Shu, a king of Zhou Cheng, jokes with Wutong leaves and cut them into jade shapes to give uncle Yu, saying that this is a seal for you. At that time, a historian named Yi asked King Cheng of Zhou to choose a good day to make Shuyu a vassal. "I'm just joking with him," Zhou said Shi Yi said: "the emperor can't make fun of his words. As long as you speak, the historian will record it, complete it with etiquette, play music and sing it. " King Cheng of Zhou granted the land of Tang to Shu Yu.)}

The story of Shuyu's mother's son and Tongye's brother in the dream recorded in Shiji · Jin aristocratic family and Lushi Chunqiu · Chongyan explains the enfeoffment in the early Zhou Dynasty with the theory of dream interpretation and children's play, which is obviously the words of novelists. Later generations have made textual research on these two things, saying that the ancient Chinese character "Yu" is "Congcong". In the palm of the hand, the grain may be similar to it, so it may be as Sima Qian recorded. However, Tongye's younger brother is controversial. The more convincing explanation is Zhang Yan's explanation from the perspective of ancient Chinese characters. He thinks that the character "Tong" in the inscriptions is similar to the character "Tang", and the theory of cutting Tong may be a mistake of Jian Tang. According to this, it is reasonable for King Cheng of Zhou to enfeoffment his brother-in-law Yu here after he eliminated the old state of Tang.

The location of Tang Dynasty

There has always been a dispute about where the land of Tang Dynasty was granted by Shu Yu. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there was more than one place named after the Tang Dynasty, but historians agreed that it was in today's Shanxi Province, but whether it was in Taiyuan or Yicheng and Jiangxian in southern Shanxi Province had been debated for thousands of years. "Zuo Zhuan · Zhao A.D. The reason why the people of the Tang Dynasty served the Xia and Shang Dynasties was because of their own reasons. " Du Yu believes that the summer is in today's Taiyuan city. Fu Qian believed that the great Xia was between Fen and Hui, that is, Yicheng, Xixian and Jixian in Shanxi Province. According to Gu Yanwu's rizhilu, Volume 31, Tang Shufeng was granted in Yicheng County. Yang Bojun, a modern man, thinks: "Xiefu, the son of Tang Shu, changed Tang Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, which is now Taiyuan city. From the fourth generation to Chenghou, he moved to Quwo in the south, and now to the east of Wenxi County, Shanxi Province. Another five times to Marquis mu, moved back to Jiang, Jiang is the wing. There are two quotations from kuodi Zhi in Shiji Zhengyi, one of which is that "the Tang city is located at 20 Li west of Yicheng County, Jiangzhou, which was granted by Yao descendants." On the other hand, it is said that "so Tang city is in beierli, Jinyang County, Bingzhou.". If the information quoted is correct, there are two places named after Tang Dynasty in Shanxi, one in Taiyuan and the other in Yicheng, southern Shanxi.

member of family

parent

Father: Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty.

Mother: Queen Yijiang, daughter of Lu Shang, the Grand Master of Qi.

brothers and sisters

Ji song, King Cheng of Zhou.

Uncle Ying was the first monarch of Ying State.

He was first granted the title of monarch.

Han Hou, the first monarch of South Korea.

Taiji, the eldest daughter of King Wu of Zhou, is the wife of Duke Hu of Chen.

descendants

Jin Hou Xie, Ji Xie, Jin began to be king.

Jia Gonggong, whose name is Gongming, is the son of Shuyu, and the state of Jia was granted the title of king.

Marquis Wu of Jin Dynasty, the son of marquis Xie of Jin Dynasty.

Jia Xuangong, named Liang, is the son of Jia Gonggong.

Commemoration of later generations

jin memorial temple

Jinci temple is located at the foot of xuanweng mountain, 25 kilometers southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. It was built before the Northern Wei Dynasty to commemorate Tang Shuyu, the founder of the state of Jin. Jinci temple has a history of more than one thousand years. After many repairs and expansion, its appearance has been constantly improved, resulting in the formation of today's large-scale ancient architectural complex integrating Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. There are more than 100 buildings in song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Among them, the Notre Dame hall and fish pond flying beam built in Song Dynasty and the Xian hall built in Jin Dynasty are identified as three national treasures by the Ministry of culture.

Tang Shuyu ancestral hall is one of the main buildings of Jin ancestral hall, facing south from north. The whole building is composed of Mountain Gate, hall, East and West Wing rooms and main hall. The existing building was built during the song and Yuan Dynasties. Although it has been repaired many times in the yuan, Ming, Qing and modern times, the main body of the hall still retains the style of the Yuan Dynasty, with a statue of Tang Shu Yu in it. On both sides of the front porch of the main hall, there are two large steles, namely, the stele of "the temple of the king of Fendong" carved in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287) and the stele of "rebuilding the ancestral temple of Tang Shuyu" carved in the 37th year of the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1772).

Derived surname

The surnames of Tang Shuyu's descendants mainly include Jin, Yang, Han, he, Wen, Jia, Jian, Qu, Xie, Hou, Luan, Xi, Xian, Gu, Ji, Bu, Ji and Yan.